linux 命令之jq

2015年05月07日 11:47:50

閱讀數：14816

jq命令允許直接在命令行下對JSON進行操作，包括分片、過濾、轉換等 
JSON(JavaScript Object Notation) 是一種輕量級的數據交換格式。基於JavaScript(Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999)的一個子集 
JSON 數據的書寫格式是： 名稱/對象。 
JSON的結構基於兩點

• “名稱/值”的集合 ,在不同的語言中,它可以被理解為對象(object)，記錄(record)，結構(struct)，字典(dictionary)，哈希表(hash table)，鍵列表(keyed list)等 .

• 值的有序列表 多數語言中被理解為數組(array)

  JSON的基礎結構說明

• 對象是屬性、值的集合。一個對象開始與”{” ,結束於”}”。每一個屬性名和值間用”:”分隔。每個屬性間用”，”分隔。
• 值可以是字符串，數字，邏輯值，數組，對象，null。 
  數字：整數或浮點數 
  字符串：在雙引號中 
  邏輯符：true和false 
  數組：在方括號中 
  對象：在花括號中 
  null： 代表空

Ubuntu下的jq安裝

apt-get install jq

jq命令的格式

jq [options] filter [files]
**options：**
--version：輸出jq的版本信息並退出 --slurp/-s：讀入整個輸入流到一個數組。 --raw-input/-R：不作為JSON解析，將每一行的文本作為字符串輸出到屏幕。 --null-input/ -n：不讀取任何輸入，過濾器運行使用null作為輸入。一般用作從頭構建JSON數據。 --compact-output /-c：使輸出緊湊，而不是把每一個JSON對象輸出在一行。 --colour-output / -C：打開顏色顯示 --monochrome-output / -M：關閉顏色顯示 --ascii-output /-a：指定輸出格式為ASCII -raw-output /-r ：如果過濾的結果是一個字符串，那么直接寫到標准輸出（去掉字符串的引號） **filter：** . : 默認輸出 .foo: 輸出指定屬性，foo代表屬性。 .[foo] ：輸出指定數組元素。foo代表數組下標。 .[]：輸出指定數組中全部元素 ， ：指定多個屬性作為過濾條件時，用逗號分隔 | ： 將指定的數組元素中的某個屬性作為過濾條件 **files：** JOSN格式文件。

用作示例的JOSN文件。

[{"hostCompany":"Beijing Autelan Technology","hostModel":"CS-VIC-2000-C","hostsn":"01010730b12014A00477","mac":"00:1F:64:CE:F3:8E","cpuModel":"MIPS 74Kc V4.12","cpuSN":"000000","memoryModel":"abcdefg","memorySN":"000000","boardSN":"01010730b12014A00477","networkCardMac":"00:1F:64:CE:F3:8F","lowFreModel":"AR9344","lowFreSN":"000000","hignFreModel":"AR9582","hignFreSN":"000000","gpsModel":"abcdefg","gpsSN":"000000","MEID_3g":"A000004E123ABD2","Company_3g":"ZTEMT INCORPORATED","modelOf3g":"MC271X","snOf3g":"A000004E123ABD2","iccid":"89860314400200885980","Operators":"CTCC","hardVersion":"1.20","firmwareVersion":"1.0.6.29"}]

示例：

$ jq . apinfo.json [ { "firmwareVersion": "1.0.6.29", "hardVersion": "1.20", "Operators": "CTCC", "iccid": "DATA DATA", "snOf3g": "A000004E123ABD2", "modelOf3g": "MC271X", "Company_3g": "ZTEMT INCORPORATED", "MEID_3g": "A000004E123ABD2", "memorySN": "000000", "memoryModel": "abcdefg", "cpuSN": "000000", "cpuModel": "MIPS 74Kc V4.12", "mac": "00:1F:64:CE:F3:8E", "hostsn": "01010730b12014A00477", "hostModel": "CS-VIC-1999-C", "stCompany": "Beijing Autelan Technology", "boardSN": "01010730b12014A00477", "networkCardMac": "00:1F:64:CE:F3:8F", "lowFreModel": "AR9344", "lowFreSN": "000000", "hignFreModel": "AR9582", "hignFreSN": "000000", "gpsModel": "abcdefg", "gpsSN": "000000" } ] jq .[] apinfo.json { "firmwareVersion": "1.0.6.29", "hardVersion": "1.20", "Operators": "CTCC", "iccid": "DATA DATA", "snOf3g": "A000004E123ABD2", "modelOf3g": "MC271X", "Company_3g": "ZTEMT INCORPORATED", "MEID_3g": "A000004E123ABD2", "memorySN": "000000", "memoryModel": "abcdefg", "cpuSN": "000000", "cpuModel": "MIPS 74Kc V4.12", "mac": "00:1F:64:CE:F3:8E", "hostsn": "01010730b12014A00477", "hostModel": "CS-VIC-1999-C", "stCompany": "Beijing Autelan Technology", "boardSN": "01010730b12014A00477", "networkCardMac": "00:1F:64:CE:F3:8F", "lowFreModel": "AR9344", "lowFreSN": "000000", "hignFreModel": "AR9582", "hignFreSN": "000000", "gpsModel": "abcdefg", "gpsSN": "000000" } 

$ jq -r .[].mac apinfo.json 00:1F:64:CE:F3:8E $ jq -r '.[] | .mac' apinfo.json 00:1F:64:CE:F3:8E $ jq -r '.[] |.mac, .gpsSN' apinfo.json 00:1F:64:CE:F3:8E 000000 jq -r '.[].mac, .[].gpsSN' apinfo.json 00:1F:64:CE:F3:8E 000000