Hosts是一個沒有擴展名的系統文件,可以用記事本等工具打開,其作用就是將一些常用的網址
域名與其對應的
IP地址建立一個關聯“數據庫”,當用戶在瀏覽器中輸入一個需要登錄的網址時,系統會首先自動從
Hosts文件中尋找對應的
IP地址,一旦找到,系統會立即打開對應網頁,如果沒有找到,則系統會再將網址提交DNS
域名解析服務器進行IP地址的解析。
瀏覽器訪問網站,要首先通過DNS服務器把要訪問的網站域名解析成一個唯一的IP地址,之后,瀏覽器才能對此網站進行定位並且訪問其數據。
操作系統規定,在進行DNS請求以前,先檢查系自己的Hosts文件中是否有這個域名和IP的映射關系。如果有,則直接訪問這個IP地址指定的網絡位置,如果沒有,再向已知的DNS服務器提出域名解析請求。也就是說Hosts的IP解析優先級比DNS要高。
以上內容均從百度百科復制。
文件路徑:C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc。
如何修改hosts文件
hosts文件原內容如下:
# Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # # This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows. # # This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each # entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should # be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name. # The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one # space. # # Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual # lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol. # # For example: # # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host # localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself. # 127.0.0.1 localhost # ::1 localhost
在最后新增如下內容:
127.0.0.1 www.163.com
表示域名“www.163.com”指向的ip為127.0.0.1,即本地。修改后文件內容如下:
# Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # # This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows. # # This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each # entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should # be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name. # The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one # space. # # Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual # lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol. # # For example: # # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host # localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself. # 127.0.0.1 localhost # ::1 localhost 127.0.0.1 www.163.com
修改后用瀏覽器訪問“www.163.com”會被解析到127.0.0.1,導致無法顯示該網頁。
為了進一步驗證,使用tomcat在本地啟動一個Web服務。tomcat版本為:apache-tomcat-8.5.4,其他版本應該操作類似。
下載解壓tomcat后,運行apache-tomcat-8.5.4\bin\startup.bat,待tomcat啟動成功,本地就有了一個Web服務了。
這時再訪問"www.163.com:8080",就可以看到有頁面內容了:
為什么要加上8080呢,因為這是端口號,tomcat開啟的Web服務默認使用8080端口,而瀏覽器中默認的是80端口,所以必需要顯示指明。也可以修改tomcat安裝目錄下的config/server.xml中的8080為80,這樣就不用在訪問時顯式指定端口了。
這就是通過修改hosts文件來使域名指向某個IP的方式了,如果需要添加多條配置,直接再新增一行內容就行了。