一、什么是playbook及其組成
什么是playbook
playbook 翻譯過來就是"劇本"
playbook的組成
play：定義的是主機的角色
task：定義的是具體執行的任務
playbook：由一個或多個play組成，一個play可以包含多個task
二、playbook的優勢
1、功能比adhoc更全 2、控制好依賴 3、展現更直觀 4、持久使用
三、playbook的配置語法
基本使用
playbook基礎使用
ansible-playbook playbook.yml [options] -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER ＃ ssh 連接的用戶名 -k, --ask-pass ＃ssh登錄認證密碼 -s, --sudo ＃sudo 到root用戶，相當於Linux系統下的sudo命令 -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER ＃sudo 到對應的用戶 -K, --ask-sudo-pass ＃用戶的密碼（—sudo時使用） -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT ＃ ssh 連接超時，默認 10 秒 -C, --check ＃ 指定該參數后，執行 playbook 文件不會真正去執行，而是模擬執行一遍，然后輸出本次執行會對遠程主機造成的修改 -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS ＃ 設置額外的變量如：key=value 形式 或者 YAML or JSON，以空格分隔變量，或用多個-e
-f FORKS, --forks=FORKS ＃ 進程並發處理，默認 5
-i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY
＃ 指定 hosts 文件路徑，默認 default=/etc/ansible/hosts
-l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET
＃ 指定一個 pattern，對- hosts:匹配到的主機再過濾一次
--list-hosts ＃ 只打印有哪些主機會執行這個 playbook 文件，不是實際執行該 playbook
--list-tasks ＃ 列出該 playbook 中會被執行的 task
--private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE ＃ 私鑰路徑
--step ＃ 同一時間只執行一個 task，每個 task 執行前都會提示確認一遍
--syntax-check ＃ 只檢測 playbook 文件語法是否有問題，不會執行該 playbook
-t TAGS, --tags=TAGS ＃當 play 和 task 的 tag 為該參數指定的值時才執行，多個 tag 以逗號分隔
--skip-tags=SKIP_TAGS ＃ 當 play 和 task 的 tag 不匹配該參數指定的值時，才執行
-v, --verbose ＃輸出更詳細的執行過程信息，-vvv可得到所有執行過程信息。 原文鏈接：https://www.imooc.com/article/22729
使用場景
1、playbook的配置
示例：
--- - hosts : 192.168.56.11 remote_user : root vars : touch_file : devops.file tasks : - name : touch file shell: "touch /tmp/{{touch_file}}"
2、執行
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat /etc/ansible/hosts [test_group1] #192.168.56.11:22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass='1234567' #192.168.56.11:22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_key_file=/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa 192.168.56.11:22 ansible_ssh_user=root #列出f1.yml指的的主機與/etc/ansible/hosts匹配到的主機 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook -i /etc/ansible/hosts --list-hosts ./f1.yml playbook: ./f1.yml play #1 (192.168.56.11): 192.168.56.11 TAGS: [] pattern: ['192.168.56.11'] hosts (1): 192.168.56.11 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook -i /etc/ansible/hosts ./f1.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11] *********************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [touch file] ************************************************************************************************************** [WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.56.11 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
3、執行結果返回
- 紅色：表示有task執行失敗或者提醒的信息
- 黃色：表示執行了且改變了遠程主機狀態
- 綠色：表示執行成功
主機匹配
yaml語法和變量
yaml語法
- 大小寫敏感
- 使用縮進表示層級關系(只能空格不能使用tab)
- yaml文件"---"作為文檔的開始
yaml支持的數據結構
yaml變量的應用
playbook變量
- playbook的yaml文件中的定義變量賦值
- --extra-vars執行參數賦給變量
示例：
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f1.yml --- - hosts : 192.168.56.11 remote_user : root # vars : # 注冊這兩行 # touch_file : devops.file tasks : - name : touch file shell: "touch /tmp/{{touch_file}}" # 執行 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f1.yml --extra-vars "touch_file=json2" PLAY [192.168.56.11] *********************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [touch file] ************************************************************************************************************** [WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.56.11 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
查看執行結果
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible all -a 'ls /tmp' 192.168.56.11 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> devops.file json2
3、在文件中定義變量
在資產清單中定義變量
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat /etc/ansible/hosts [test_group1] #192.168.56.11:22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass='1234567' #192.168.56.11:22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_key_file=/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa 192.168.56.11:22 ansible_ssh_user=root # 添加兩行內容如下： 當f1.yaml執行時會引用(touch_file)這個變量 [test_group1:vars] touch_file=json3 # 執行 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f1.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11] *********************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************* ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [touch file] ************************************************************************************************************** [WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************* 192.168.56.11 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 # 查看執行服務器(192.168.56.11 )上是否有json3文件 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible all -a 'ls /tmp' 192.168.56.11 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> json2 json3
4、注冊變量
register關鍵字可以存儲指定的命令的輸出結果到一個自定義的變量中
- name: get time
command:date
register:date_output
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f4.yml --- - hosts : 192.168.56.11 remote_user : root vars : touch_file : devops.file tasks : - name : get date command : date # 執行date命令 register : date_output # 把date的執行結果賦值給date_output - name : touch file shell : "touch /tmp/{{touch_file}}" - name : echo date_output shell : "echo {{date_output.stdout}}>/tmp/{{touch_file}}" # 執行 加vvv顯示詳細信息 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f4.yml -vvv ansible-playbook 2.4.1.0 config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg configured module search path = ['/home/devops/.ansible/plugins/modules', '/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules'] ansible python module location = /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/ansible-2.4.1.0-py3.6.egg/ansible executable location = /usr/local/bin/ansible-playbook python version = 3.6.5 (default, Apr 1 2018, 05:46:30) [GCC 7.3.0] Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file Parsed /etc/ansible/hosts inventory source with ini plugin PLAYBOOK: f4.yml *********************************************************************************************** 1 plays in ./f4.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11] ******************************************************************************************* TASK [Gathering Facts] ***************************************************************************************** Using module file /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/ansible-2.4.1.0-py3.6.egg/ansible/modules/system/setup.py <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'echo ~ && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'/root\n', b'') <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231 `" && echo ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231="` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231 `" ) && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231=/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231\n', b'') <192.168.56.11> PUT /tmp/tmpihpjzcgr TO /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231/setup.py <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC sftp -b - -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 '[192.168.56.11]' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'sftp> put /tmp/tmpihpjzcgr /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231/setup.py\n', b'') <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'chmod u+x /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231/ /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231/setup.py && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'', b'') <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 -tt 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'/usr/bin/python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231/setup.py; rm -rf "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396830.9463239-175629470926231/" > /dev/null 2>&1 && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'\r\n{"invocation": {"module_args": {"filter": "*", "gather_subset": ["all"], "fact_path": "/etc/ansible/facts.d", "gather_timeout": 10}}, "ansible_facts": {"ansible_product_serial": "VMware-56 4d ba ea 2a 14 bd 0e-90 3f 06 a4 d2 a0 10 ca", "ansible_form_factor": "Other", "ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true, "ansible_fips": false, "ansible_service_mgr": "systemd", "ansible_user_id": "root", "ansible_selinux_python_present": true, 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"software"], "ipv4": {"broadcast": "host", "netmask": "255.0.0.0", "network": "127.0.0.0", "address": "127.0.0.1"}, "ipv6": [{"scope": "host", "prefix": "128", "address": "::1"}], "active": true, "type": "loopback"}, "ansible_memtotal_mb": 976, "ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public": "AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBPb+x6CxAv1fn1DdrTK9Gn1AetZc+7Z1fNOmHTKK5YLW9AcE1dNj7ch7XzP98BpgJjkwuqig3TzYuzSajNi7qVg=", "ansible_device_links": {"masters": {"sda2": ["dm-0", "dm-1"]}, "labels": {"sr0": ["CentOS\\\\x207\\\\x20x86_64"]}, "ids": {"sr0": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"], "sda2": ["lvm-pv-uuid-6PpuNw-P0Sl-vgrG-eph3-vPgV-80rS-kVO4nk"], "dm-0": ["dm-name-cl-root", "dm-uuid-LVM-yZVSxca2orueczI165YImVDpRd6Uy7HQ7Qpv8yMY9esqgrnFTcf8dbPKaZ5DK7j1"], "dm-1": ["dm-name-cl-swap", "dm-uuid-LVM-yZVSxca2orueczI165YImVDpRd6Uy7HQJsBOsjYPBRT6yKFLgQcHw9IcENdrUaD0"]}, "uuids": {"sr0": ["2016-12-05-13-55-45-00"], "sda1": ["bd203c5e-8ff1-4060-bcaf-990e2ccb61c1"], "dm-0": ["8d886d43-1ef5-451a-951c-4170c89c9412"], "dm-1": ["2b2df9d8-6c15-4c0e-a4cb-9e25edbf17b8"]}}, "ansible_default_ipv4": {"macaddress": "00:0c:29:a0:10:ca", "network": "192.168.56.0", "mtu": 1500, "broadcast": "192.168.56.255", "alias": "eth0", "netmask": "255.255.255.0", "address": "192.168.56.11", "interface": "eth0", "type": "ether", "gateway": "192.168.56.2"}, "ansible_swapfree_mb": 2047, "ansible_default_ipv6": {}, "ansible_distribution_release": "Core", "ansible_system_vendor": "VMware, Inc.", "ansible_apparmor": {"status": "disabled"}, "ansible_cmdline": {"LANG": "en_US.UTF-8", "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64", "quiet": true, "net.ifnames": "0", "rhgb": true, "biosdevname": "0", "crashkernel": "auto", "rd.lvm.lv": "cl/swap", "ro": true, "root": "/dev/mapper/cl-root"}, "ansible_effective_user_id": 0, "ansible_user_gid": 0, "ansible_selinux": {"status": "disabled"}, "ansible_product_version": "None", "ansible_os_family": "RedHat", "ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64", "ansible_product_uuid": "EABA4D56-142A-0EBD-903F-06A4D2A010CA", "ansible_system": "Linux", "ansible_pkg_mgr": "yum", "ansible_memfree_mb": 192, "ansible_devices": {"sr0": {"scheduler_mode": "cfq", "rotational": "1", "vendor": "NECVMWar", "sectors": "8554496", "links": {"masters": [], "labels": ["CentOS\\\\x207\\\\x20x86_64"], "ids": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"], "uuids": ["2016-12-05-13-55-45-00"]}, "sas_device_handle": null, "sas_address": null, "virtual": 1, "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)", "sectorsize": "2048", "removable": "1", "support_discard": "0", "model": "VMware IDE CDR10", "partitions": {}, "holders": [], "size": "16.32 GB"}, "sda": {"scheduler_mode": "deadline", "rotational": "1", "vendor": "VMware,", "sectors": "104857600", "links": {"masters": [], "labels": [], "ids": [], "uuids": []}, "sas_device_handle": null, "sas_address": null, "virtual": 1, "host": "SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)", "sectorsize": "512", "removable": "0", "support_discard": "0", "model": "VMware Virtual S", "partitions": {"sda2": {"sectorsize": 512, "uuid": null, "links": {"masters": ["dm-0", "dm-1"], "labels": [], "ids": ["lvm-pv-uuid-6PpuNw-P0Sl-vgrG-eph3-vPgV-80rS-kVO4nk"], "uuids": []}, "sectors": "102758400", "start": "2099200", "holders": ["cl-root", "cl-swap"], "size": "49.00 GB"}, "sda1": {"sectorsize": 512, "uuid": "bd203c5e-8ff1-4060-bcaf-990e2ccb61c1", "links": {"masters": [], "labels": [], "ids": [], "uuids": ["bd203c5e-8ff1-4060-bcaf-990e2ccb61c1"]}, "sectors": "2097152", "start": "2048", "holders": [], "size": "1.00 GB"}}, "holders": [], "size": "50.00 GB"}, "dm-0": {"scheduler_mode": "", "rotational": "1", "vendor": null, "sectors": "98549760", "links": {"masters": [], "labels": [], "ids": ["dm-name-cl-root", "dm-uuid-LVM-yZVSxca2orueczI165YImVDpRd6Uy7HQ7Qpv8yMY9esqgrnFTcf8dbPKaZ5DK7j1"], "uuids": ["8d886d43-1ef5-451a-951c-4170c89c9412"]}, "sas_device_handle": null, "sas_address": null, "virtual": 1, "host": "", "sectorsize": "512", "removable": "0", "support_discard": "0", "model": null, "partitions": {}, "holders": [], "size": "46.99 GB"}, "dm-1": {"scheduler_mode": "", "rotational": "1", "vendor": null, "sectors": "4194304", "links": {"masters": [], "labels": [], "ids": ["dm-name-cl-swap", "dm-uuid-LVM-yZVSxca2orueczI165YImVDpRd6Uy7HQJsBOsjYPBRT6yKFLgQcHw9IcENdrUaD0"], "uuids": ["2b2df9d8-6c15-4c0e-a4cb-9e25edbf17b8"]}, "sas_device_handle": null, "sas_address": null, "virtual": 1, "host": "", "sectorsize": "512", "removable": "0", "support_discard": "0", "model": null, "partitions": {}, "holders": [], "size": "2.00 GB"}}, "ansible_user_uid": 0, "ansible_lvm": {"pvs": {"/dev/sda2": {"free_g": "0.00", "size_g": "49.00", "vg": "cl"}}, "lvs": {"root": {"size_g": "46.99", "vg": "cl"}, "swap": {"size_g": "2.00", "vg": "cl"}}, "vgs": {"cl": {"free_g": "0.00", "size_g": "49.00", "num_lvs": "2", "num_pvs": "1"}}}, "ansible_distribution": "CentOS", "ansible_user_dir": "/root", "ansible_dns": {"nameservers": ["192.168.56.2"]}, "ansible_distribution_major_version": "7", "module_setup": true, "ansible_processor_count": 1, "ansible_hostname": "linux-node1", "ansible_processor_vcpus": 1, "ansible_swaptotal_mb": 2047, "ansible_lsb": {}, "ansible_real_group_id": 0, "ansible_bios_date": "05/19/2017", "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": ["fe80::20c:29ff:fea0:10ca"], "ansible_interfaces": ["lo", "eth0"], "ansible_uptime_seconds": 695, "ansible_machine_id": "9460c222be194212b2efa3c8edde3c95", "ansible_kernel": "3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64", "ansible_memory_mb": {"real": {"total": 976, "used": 784, "free": 192}, "swap": {"cached": 0, "total": 2047, "free": 2047, "used": 0}, "nocache": {"used": 464, "free": 512}}, "ansible_user_gecos": "root", "ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "True", "ansible_python": {"executable": "/usr/bin/python", "version": {"micro": 5, "major": 2, "releaselevel": "final", "serial": 0, "minor": 7}, "type": "CPython", "has_sslcontext": true, "version_info": [2, 7, 5, "final", 0]}, "ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 1, "ansible_fqdn": "linux-node1.example.com", "ansible_mounts": [{"block_used": 576476, "uuid": "8d886d43-1ef5-451a-951c-4170c89c9412", "size_total": 50432839680, "block_total": 12312705, "mount": "/", "block_available": 11736229, "size_available": 48071593984, "fstype": "xfs", "inode_total": 24637440, "options": "rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota", "device": "/dev/mapper/cl-root", "inode_used": 57053, "block_size": 4096, "inode_available": 24580387}, {"block_used": 35407, "uuid": "bd203c5e-8ff1-4060-bcaf-990e2ccb61c1", "size_total": 1063256064, "block_total": 259584, "mount": "/boot", "block_available": 224177, "size_available": 918228992, "fstype": "xfs", "inode_total": 524288, "options": "rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota", "device": "/dev/sda1", "inode_used": 330, "block_size": 4096, "inode_available": 523958}], "ansible_eth0": {"macaddress": "00:0c:29:a0:10:ca", "features": {"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]", "generic_receive_offload": "on", "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]", "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]", "rx_all": "off", "highdma": "off [fixed]", "rx_fcs": "off", "tx_lockless": "off [fixed]", "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]", "tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksumming": "on", "vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]", "loopback": "off [fixed]", "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]", "scatter_gather": "on", "tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]", "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]", "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]", "tx_scatter_gather": "on", "rx_checksumming": "off", "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on", "netns_local": "off [fixed]", "busy_poll": "off [fixed]", "generic_segmentation_offload": "on", "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on", "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_offload": "on", "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]", "tx_vlan_offload": "on [fixed]", "tx_nocache_copy": "off", "tx_mpls_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "udp_fragmentation_offload": "off [fixed]", "tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]", "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on", "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]", "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]", "tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]"}, "type": "ether", "pciid": "0000:02:01.0", "module": "e1000", "mtu": 1500, "device": "eth0", "promisc": false, "timestamping": ["tx_software", "rx_software", "software"], "ipv4": {"broadcast": "192.168.56.255", "netmask": "255.255.255.0", "network": "192.168.56.0", "address": "192.168.56.11"}, "ipv6": [{"scope": "link", "prefix": "64", "address": "fe80::20c:29ff:fea0:10ca"}], "active": true, "speed": 1000, "hw_timestamp_filters": []}, "ansible_nodename": "linux-node1.example.com", "ansible_product_name": "VMware Virtual Platform", "ansible_machine": "x86_64", "ansible_system_capabilities": ["cap_chown", "cap_dac_override", "cap_dac_read_search", "cap_fowner", "cap_fsetid", "cap_kill", "cap_setgid", "cap_setuid", "cap_setpcap", "cap_linux_immutable", "cap_net_bind_service", "cap_net_broadcast", "cap_net_admin", "cap_net_raw", "cap_ipc_lock", "cap_ipc_owner", "cap_sys_module", "cap_sys_rawio", "cap_sys_chroot", "cap_sys_ptrace", "cap_sys_pacct", "cap_sys_admin", "cap_sys_boot", "cap_sys_nice", "cap_sys_resource", "cap_sys_time", "cap_sys_tty_config", "cap_mknod", "cap_lease", "cap_audit_write", "cap_audit_control", "cap_setfcap", "cap_mac_override", "cap_mac_admin", "cap_syslog", "35", "36+ep"], "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": ["192.168.56.11"], "ansible_python_version": "2.7.5"}}\r\n', b'Connection to 192.168.56.11 closed.\r\n') ok: [192.168.56.11] META: ran handlers TASK [get date] ************************************************************************************************ task path: /etc/ansible/f4.yml:7 Using module file /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/ansible-2.4.1.0-py3.6.egg/ansible/modules/commands/command.py <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'echo ~ && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'/root\n', b'') <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949 `" && echo ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949="` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949 `" ) && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949=/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949\n', b'') <192.168.56.11> PUT /tmp/tmpvtmja2wo TO /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949/command.py <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC sftp -b - -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 '[192.168.56.11]' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'sftp> put /tmp/tmpvtmja2wo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949/command.py\n', b'') <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'chmod u+x /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949/ /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949/command.py && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'', b'') <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 -tt 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'/usr/bin/python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949/command.py; rm -rf "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.131543-153072002529949/" > /dev/null 2>&1 && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'\r\n{"changed": true, "end": "2018-07-12 20:00:58.966945", "stdout": "2018\\u5e74 07\\u6708 12\\u65e5 \\u661f\\u671f\\u56db 20:00:58 CST", "cmd": ["date"], "rc": 0, "start": "2018-07-12 20:00:58.964445", "stderr": "", "delta": "0:00:00.002500", "invocation": {"module_args": {"warn": true, "executable": null, "_uses_shell": false, "_raw_params": "date", "removes": null, "creates": null, "chdir": null, "stdin": null}}}\r\n', b'Connection to 192.168.56.11 closed.\r\n') changed: [192.168.56.11] => { "changed": true, "cmd": [ "date" ], "delta": "0:00:00.002500", "end": "2018-07-12 20:00:58.966945", "failed": false, "invocation": { "module_args": { "_raw_params": "date", "_uses_shell": false, "chdir": null, "creates": null, "executable": null, "removes": null, "stdin": null, "warn": true } }, "rc": 0, "start": "2018-07-12 20:00:58.964445", "stderr": "", "stderr_lines": [], "stdout": "2018年 07月 12日 星期四 20:00:58 CST", "stdout_lines": [ "2018年 07月 12日 星期四 20:00:58 CST" ] } TASK [touch file] ********************************************************************************************** task path: /etc/ansible/f4.yml:10 Using module file /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/ansible-2.4.1.0-py3.6.egg/ansible/modules/commands/command.py <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'echo ~ && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'/root\n', b'') <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299 `" && echo ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299="` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299 `" ) && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299=/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299\n', b'') <192.168.56.11> PUT /tmp/tmpo3kyh0pw TO /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299/command.py <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC sftp -b - -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 '[192.168.56.11]' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'sftp> put /tmp/tmpo3kyh0pw /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299/command.py\n', b'') <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'chmod u+x /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299/ /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299/command.py && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'', b'') <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 -tt 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'/usr/bin/python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299/command.py; rm -rf "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396858.9646013-174118352784299/" > /dev/null 2>&1 && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'\r\n{"changed": true, "end": "2018-07-12 20:00:59.818106", "stdout": "", "cmd": "touch /tmp/devops.file", "rc": 0, "start": "2018-07-12 20:00:59.815108", "stderr": "", "delta": "0:00:00.002998", "invocation": {"module_args": {"warn": true, "executable": null, "_uses_shell": true, "_raw_params": "touch /tmp/devops.file", "removes": null, "creates": null, "chdir": null, "stdin": null}}, "warnings": ["Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch"]}\r\n', b'Connection to 192.168.56.11 closed.\r\n') [WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] => { "changed": true, "cmd": "touch /tmp/devops.file", "delta": "0:00:00.002998", "end": "2018-07-12 20:00:59.818106", "failed": false, "invocation": { "module_args": { "_raw_params": "touch /tmp/devops.file", "_uses_shell": true, "chdir": null, "creates": null, "executable": null, "removes": null, "stdin": null, "warn": true } }, "rc": 0, "start": "2018-07-12 20:00:59.815108", "stderr": "", "stderr_lines": [], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": [] } TASK [echo date_output] **************************************************************************************** task path: /etc/ansible/f4.yml:12 Using module file /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/ansible-2.4.1.0-py3.6.egg/ansible/modules/commands/command.py <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'echo ~ && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'/root\n', b'') <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'( umask 77 && mkdir -p "` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393 `" && echo ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393="` echo /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393 `" ) && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393=/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393\n', b'') <192.168.56.11> PUT /tmp/tmp__kyifmp TO /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393/command.py <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC sftp -b - -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 '[192.168.56.11]' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'sftp> put /tmp/tmp__kyifmp /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393/command.py\n', b'') <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'chmod u+x /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393/ /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393/command.py && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'', b'') <192.168.56.11> ESTABLISH SSH CONNECTION FOR USER: root <192.168.56.11> SSH: EXEC ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o Port=22 -o 'IdentityFile="/home/devops/.ssh/id_rsa"' -o KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=gssapi-with-mic,gssapi-keyex,hostbased,publickey -o PasswordAuthentication=no -o User=root -o ConnectTimeout=20 -tt 192.168.56.11 '/bin/sh -c '"'"'/usr/bin/python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393/command.py; rm -rf "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531396859.8218389-268766387785393/" > /dev/null 2>&1 && sleep 0'"'"'' <192.168.56.11> (0, b'\r\n{"changed": true, "end": "2018-07-12 20:01:00.692177", "stdout": "", "cmd": "echo 2018\\u5e74 07\\u6708 12\\u65e5 \\u661f\\u671f\\u56db 20:00:58 CST>/tmp/devops.file", "rc": 0, "start": "2018-07-12 20:01:00.689318", "stderr": "", "delta": "0:00:00.002859", "invocation": {"module_args": {"warn": true, "executable": null, "_uses_shell": true, "_raw_params": "echo 2018\\u5e74 07\\u6708 12\\u65e5 \\u661f\\u671f\\u56db 20:00:58 CST>/tmp/devops.file", "removes": null, "creates": null, "chdir": null, "stdin": null}}}\r\n', b'Connection to 192.168.56.11 closed.\r\n') changed: [192.168.56.11] => { "changed": true, "cmd": "echo 2018年 07月 12日 星期四 20:00:58 CST>/tmp/devops.file", "delta": "0:00:00.002859", "end": "2018-07-12 20:01:00.692177", "failed": false, "invocation": { "module_args": { "_raw_params": "echo 2018年 07月 12日 星期四 20:00:58 CST>/tmp/devops.file", "_uses_shell": true, "chdir": null, "creates": null, "executable": null, "removes": null, "stdin": null, "warn": true } }, "rc": 0, "start": "2018-07-12 20:01:00.689318", "stderr": "", "stderr_lines": [], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": [] } META: ran handlers META: ran handlers PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************** 192.168.56.11 : ok=4 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 # 到執行服務器上查看文件內容 [root@linux-node1 tmp]# cat devops.file 2018年 07月 12日 星期四 20:00:58 CST
基本語句
1、條件語句
- when條件語句
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f6.yml --- - hosts : 192.168.56.11,192.168.56.131 remote_user : root tasks: - name: "touch flag file" command: "touch /tmp/this_is_{{ansible_distribution}}_system" when: (ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version == "7") or (ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version == "6") # 執行 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f6.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11,192.168.56.131] **************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ***************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.56.131] ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [touch flag file] ***************************************************************************************** [WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] changed: [192.168.56.131] PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************** 192.168.56.11 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.56.131 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
2、循環語句
3、條件循環語句復用
示例：http://www.imooc.com/article/22753
異常處理和相關操作
1、異常處理
- 忽略錯誤
默認會檢查命令和模塊的返回狀態，遇到錯誤就中斷playbook的執行
加入參數：ignore_errors:yes
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f11.yml --- - hosts : 192.168.56.11 remote_user : root tasks : - name : ignore false command : /bin/false ignore_errors: yes - name : touch a file file : path=/tmp/test2 state=touch mode=0700 owner=root group=root # 執行 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f11.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11] *********************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************* ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [ignore false] ************************************************************ fatal: [192.168.56.11]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": ["/bin/false"], "delta": "0:00:00.006306", "end": "2018-07-13 14:43:58.815566", "failed": true, "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 1, "start": "2018-07-13 14:43:58.809260", "stderr": "", "stderr_lines": [], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []} ...ignoring TASK [touch a file] ************************************************************ changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************* 192.168.56.11 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
- 自定義錯誤
failed_when自定義錯誤
- 自定義change狀態
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f13.yml --- - hosts : 192.168.56.11 remote_user : root tasks : - name : get process shell : touch /tmp/change_test changed_when : false # 執行就沒有change狀態了 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f13.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11] ************************************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [get process] ************************************************************************************************************** [WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch ok: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************** 192.168.56.11 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
tags標簽處理
意義：通過tags和任務對象進行捆綁，控制部分或者指定的task執行
- 打標簽
對一個對象打一個標簽
對一個對象打多個標簽
打標簽的對象包括：單個task任務、include對象、roles對象等
- 標簽使用
-t : 執行指定的tag標簽任務 --skip-tags : 執行--skip-tags之外的標簽任務 # 示例 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f14.yml --- - hosts : 192.168.56.11 remote_user : root tasks : - name: create file 1 shell: touch /tmp/file1.txt tags: - cfile1 - cfile3 - name: create file 2 shell : touch /tmp/file2.txt tags: - cfile2 # 執行劇本 # 執行劇本，只執行tags為cfile1的任務 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f14.yml -t cfile1 PLAY [192.168.56.11] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [create file 1] ************************************************************************************ [WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************** 192.168.56.11 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 # 執行劇本不包含tags為cfile1的任務 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f14.yml --skip-tags cfile1 PLAY [192.168.56.11] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [create file 2] ************************************************************************************ [WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************** 192.168.56.11 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
四、roles角色和場景演練
使用roles
1、include的用法
include_tasks/include: 動態的包含tasks任務列表執行
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat touchfile.yml --- - name : create file 1 shell : touch /tmp/file1.txt tags : - cfile1 - cfile3 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat touchfile2.yml --- - name : create file 2 shell : touch /tmp/file2.txt tags : - cfile2 # 把touchfile.yml和touchfile2.yml兩個劇本用include_tasks導入 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ cat f15.yml --- - hosts : 192.168.56.11 remote_user : root tasks : - include_tasks : touchfile.yml - include_tasks : touchfile2.yml # 執行 devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ ansible-playbook ./f15.yml PLAY [192.168.56.11] ******************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************** ok: [192.168.56.11] TASK [include_tasks] ******************************************************************************************************** included: /etc/ansible/touchfile.yml for 192.168.56.11 TASK [create file 1] ******************************************************************************************************** [WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=touch rather than running touch changed: [192.168.56.11] TASK [include_tasks] ******************************************************************************************************** included: /etc/ansible/touchfile2.yml for 192.168.56.11 TASK [create file 2] ******************************************************************************************************** changed: [192.168.56.11] PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************** 192.168.56.11 : ok=5 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
2、為什么需要用到roles
- 什么是roles
是一種利用在大型playbook中的劇本配置模式，有這自己特定結構
- 為什么需要用到roles
和面向對象開發思想相似
利用大型的項目任務中，盡可能的將公共的任務、變量等內容獨立
3、官方建議的劇本結構
原文：http://www.imooc.com/article/22924
大型項目中ansible playbook官方建議的目錄結構
ansible官方網站的建議playbook劇本結構如下：
production # 正式環境的inventory文件
staging #測試環境用得inventory文件
group_vars/ # 機器組的變量文件
group1
group2
host_vars/ #執行機器成員的變量
hostname1
hostname2
================================================
site.yml # 主要的playbook劇本
webservers.yml # webserver類型服務所用的劇本
dbservers.yml # 數據庫類型的服務所用的劇本
roles/
webservers/ #webservers這個角色相關任務和自定義變量
tasks/ # 任務存放目錄
main.yml # 存放任務信息
handlers/
main.yml
vars/ # 存放變量的目錄
main.yml # 存放變量信息
dbservers/ #dbservers這個角色相關任務和定義變量
...
common/ # 公共的
tasks/ #
main.yml #
handlers/ #
main.yml # handlers file.
vars/ # 角色所用到的變量
main.yml #
===============================================
templates/ #
ntp.conf.j2 # 模版文件
files/ # 用於上傳存放文件的目錄
bar.txt #
foo.sh #
meta/ # 角色的依賴
main.yml #
4、劇本設計思路
劇本roles設計思路一
劇本roles設計思路二
將公共任務、資源、變量等對象盡可能獨立
五、場景演練
Nginx工程方式的編譯安裝
劇本結構
devops@devops-virtual-machine:/etc/ansible$ tree ./ ./ ├── ansible.cfg ├── files # 存放上傳文件的目錄 │ ├── imoocc.html # 測試用的html文件 │ ├── nginx # 系統init中，控制nginx啟動腳本 │ └── nginx-1.9.11.tar.gz # nginx的安裝包文件 ├── production # 線上的主機配置文件 ├── roles # roles角色執行的目錄 │ ├── apache # 空目錄可以定義不同角色如:apache、Nginx、MySQL等 │ ├── common # 存放公共信息目錄 │ │ └── tasks │ │ │ └── main.yaml │ │ └── vars # 存放一些臨時的變量，如：目錄服務器(Nginx)壓縮包文件存放臨時目錄，可以把這個臨時目錄當成變量存放在此目錄下 │ │ └── main.yml │ │ │ ├── handlers │ ├── meta # 存放不同角色依賴的的目錄 │ ├── nginx │ │ ├── handlers # handlers通過notify觸發 │ │ │ └── main.yml # 如：nginx的重啟行為 │ │ ├── tasks # 任務存放目錄 │ │ │ ├── basic.yml │ │ │ ├── main.yml │ │ │ └── nginx.yml │ │ └── vars │ │ └── main.yml # 存放nginx相關的變量 │ ├── tasks │ │ └── main.yml │ └── vars │ └── main.yml ├── staging # 線下測試環境使用的主機配置文件 ├── templates # 模版目錄(配置、html) │ └── imoocc_n.conf # nginx的自定義conf文件 ├── webserver.retry └── webserver.yml # web服務相關主執行文件 14 directories, 16 files