在生產數據庫做CURD操作時，可能會有執行某條語句誤操作的情況發生，針對這個種情況有兩點建議：
1、 在SQL SERVER上開啟事務確認功能，當執行完語句后確認無誤，再提交事務。（開啟方法見附件圖片）。
2、 新建存儲過程，粘貼附件腳本。此存儲過程執行后能夠自動產生兩個操作日志表，自動記錄CRUD的所有操作。適用於提交事務后才發現錯誤的情況。只需要打開表UPDATE_LOG，粘貼RollbackupSQL里的語句執行即可恢復數據。
注意：1)如果表中有自增長的ID，所恢復數據的ID值是最大ID+1。
2)由於正常操作也會回寫操作日志，注意及時清理日志表，或者在執行完后刪掉新建的存儲過程、觸發器及表。
回滾腳本，執行后數據要記錄的表名
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[SP_UPDATE_LOG]
@TABLENAME VARCHAR(50)
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.tables WHERE NAME = @TABLENAME AND TYPE = 'U' )
BEGIN
PRINT'ERROR：not exist table '+@TABLENAME
RETURN
END
IF (@TABLENAME LIKE'BACKUP_%' OR @TABLENAME='UPDATE_LOG' )
BEGIN
--PRINT'ERROR：not exist table '+@TABLENAME
RETURN
END
--================================判斷是否存在 UPDATE_LOG 表============================
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.tables WHERE NAME = 'UPDATE_LOG' AND TYPE = 'U')
CREATE TABLE UPDATE_LOG
(
UpdateGUID VARCHAR(36),
UpdateTime DATETIME,
TableName varchar(20),
UpdateType varchar(6),
RollBackSQL varchar(MAX),
ExecSQL VARCHAR(500)
)
--=================================判斷是否存在 BACKUP_ 表================================
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.tables WHERE NAME = 'BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME AND TYPE = 'U')
BEGIN
DECLARE test_Cursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT COLUMN_NAME,DATA_TYPE,CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.columns
WHERE TABLE_NAME=@TABLENAME
OPEN test_Cursor
DECLARE @SQLTB NVARCHAR(MAX)=''
DECLARE @COLUMN_NAME NVARCHAR(50),@DATA_TYPE VARCHAR(20),@CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH INT
FETCH NEXT FROM test_Cursor INTO @COLUMN_NAME,@DATA_TYPE,@CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
SET @SQLTB=@SQLTB+'['+@COLUMN_NAME+'] '+@DATA_TYPE+CASE ISNULL(@CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,0) WHEN 0 THEN '' WHEN -1 THEN '(MAX)' ELSE'('+CAST(@CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR(10))+')' END+','
FETCH NEXT FROM test_Cursor INTO @COLUMN_NAME,@DATA_TYPE,@CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH
END
SET @SQLTB='CREATE TABLE BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+' (UpdateGUID varchar(36),UpdateType Varchar(10),'+SUBSTRING(@SQLTB,1,LEN(@SQLTB)-1)+')'
EXEC (@SQLTB)
CLOSE test_Cursor
DEALLOCATE test_Cursor
END
--======================================判斷是否存在 UPDATE 觸發器=========================
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE NAME = 'tg_'+@TABLENAME+'_Update' AND TYPE = 'TR')
BEGIN
DECLARE @SQLTR NVARCHAR(MAX)
SET @SQLTR='
CREATE TRIGGER tg_'+@TABLENAME+'_Update
ON '+@TABLENAME+'
AFTER Update,Delete,Insert
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
--==============================獲取GUID==========================================
DECLARE @NEWID VARCHAR(36)=NEWID()
--===========================將刪掉或新增的數據插入備份表=========================
DECLARE @ROWCOUNT INT
INSERT INTO [dbo].[BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+']
SELECT @NEWID,''DELETE'',* FROM deleted
SET @ROWCOUNT=@@ROWCOUNT
IF @ROWCOUNT>0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO [dbo].[BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+']
SELECT @NEWID,''INSERT'',* FROM inserted
END
ELSE
BEGIN
INSERT INTO [dbo].[BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+']
SELECT @NEWID,''INSERT'',* FROM inserted
SET @ROWCOUNT=@@ROWCOUNT
END
--==============================記錄日志和回滾操作的SQL===========================
--******************生成插入語句用到的列名（需避開自增字段）********************
DECLARE @COLUMN1 NVARCHAR(MAX)=''''
SELECT @COLUMN1+='',[''+COLUMN_NAME+'']'' FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.columns
WHERE TABLE_NAME='''+@TABLENAME+'''
AND COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID('''+@TABLENAME+'''),COLUMN_NAME,''IsIdentity'')<>1 --非自增字段
SET @COLUMN1=SUBSTRING(@COLUMN1,2,LEN(@COLUMN1))
--*******************動態定義變量、刪除條件匹配的列********************
DECLARE @DECLARE VARCHAR(MAX)='''',@INTODECLARE VARCHAR(MAX)='''',@WHERE VARCHAR(MAX)='''',@COLUMN2 VARCHAR(MAX)=''''
SELECT @DECLARE+=''@''+COLUMN_NAME+'' ''+DATA_TYPE+CASE ISNULL(CAST(CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH AS VARCHAR(10)),'''') WHEN '''' THEN '','' WHEN ''-1'' THEN ''(MAX),'' ELSE ''(''+CAST(CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH AS VARCHAR(10))+''),'' END,
@INTODECLARE+=''@''+COLUMN_NAME+'','',
@COLUMN2+=''[''+COLUMN_NAME+''],'' ,
@WHERE += ''ISNULL(''+ COLUMN_NAME+'','''''''')=ISNULL(@''+COLUMN_NAME+'','''''''') AND ''
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.columns
WHERE TABLE_NAME='''+@TABLENAME+'''
SET @DECLARE=LEFT(@DECLARE,LEN(@DECLARE)-1)
SET @INTODECLARE=LEFT(@INTODECLARE,LEN(@INTODECLARE)-1)
SET @COLUMN2=LEFT(@COLUMN2,LEN(@COLUMN2)-1)
SET @WHERE= LEFT(@WHERE,LEN(@WHERE)-3)
--*******************判斷是否還原當前表的最近一次操作*******************
DECLARE @SQL_ISLAST VARCHAR(MAX)=''
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @maxdate datetime
SELECT @maxdate=max(updatetime) FROM UPDATE_LOG WHERE TableName='''''+@TABLENAME+'''''
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM UPDATE_LOG WHERE UpdateTime=@maxdate AND UPDATEGUID=''''''+@NEWID+'''''')
BEGIN
DECLARE @MAXGUID VARCHAR(50)
SELECT @MAXGUID=UPDATEGUID FROM UPDATE_LOG WHERE UpdateTime=@maxdate
PRINT ''''此操作並非最近一次操作，請逐步還原,此表最近一次操作的GUID是：''''+@MAXGUID
RETURN
END
''
--********************還原insert和update操作用到的SQL*******************
DECLARE @SQL_DELETE VARCHAR(MAX)=''
SET ROWCOUNT 1 --設定相同條件下只刪除1行
DECLARE Cursor_ CURSOR FOR
SELECT ''+@COLUMN2+'' FROM BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+' WHERE UPDATEGUID= ''''''+@NEWID+'''''' AND UpdateType=''''INSERT''''
OPEN Cursor_
DECLARE ''+@DECLARE+''
FETCH NEXT FROM Cursor_ INTO ''+@INTODECLARE+''
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DELETE FROM '+@TABLENAME+' WHERE ''+@WHERE+''
FETCH NEXT FROM Cursor_ INTO ''+@INTODECLARE+''
END
CLOSE Cursor_
DEALLOCATE Cursor_
SET ROWCOUNT 0
''
--*********************還原delete和update操作用到的SQL*******************
DECLARE @SQL_INSERT VARCHAR(MAX)=''
INSERT INTO '+@TABLENAME+' SELECT ''+@COLUMN1+'' FROM BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+' WHERE UPDATEGUID=''''''+@NEWID+'''''' AND UpdateType=''''DELETE''''
''
--*********************還原操作之后把備份表和log表的記錄刪掉*************
DECLARE @SQL_DELGUID VARCHAR(MAX)=''
DELETE FROM BACKUP_'+@TABLENAME+' WHERE UPDATEGUID IN(SELECT UPDATEGUID FROM UPDATE_LOG WHERE UpdateTime>=@maxdate AND TableName='''''+@TABLENAME+''''')
DELETE FROM UPDATE_LOG WHERE UpdateTime>=@maxdate AND TableName='''''+@TABLENAME+'''''
PRINT ''''回滾操作執行成功，共恢復 ''+CAST(@ROWCOUNT AS VARCHAR(10))+'' 條記錄''''
SET NOCOUNT OFF
''
--*********************執行還原操作的SQL**********************************
DECLARE @EXECSQL VARCHAR(500)=''
DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT @SQL=ROLLBACKSQL FROM UPDATE_LOG WHERE UPDATEGUID=''''''+@NEWID+''''''
EXEC(@SQL)
''
--==============================判斷執行的哪種操作方式=================================
DECLARE @DoType VARCHAR(MAX)=''UPDATE''
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted)
SET @DoType=''INSERT''
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted)
SET @DoType=''DELETE''
IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM deleted) AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM inserted)
RETURN
IF @DoType=''UPDATE''
BEGIN
INSERT INTO [dbo].[UPDATE_LOG]
SELECT @NEWID,GETDATE(),'''+@TABLENAME+''',''UPDATE'',@SQL_ISLAST+@SQL_DELETE+@SQL_INSERT+@SQL_DELGUID,@EXECSQL
RETURN
END
IF @DoType=''DELETE''
BEGIN
INSERT INTO [dbo].[UPDATE_LOG]
SELECT @NEWID,GETDATE(),'''+@TABLENAME+''',''DELETE'',@SQL_ISLAST+@SQL_INSERT+@SQL_DELGUID,@EXECSQL
RETURN
END
IF @DoType=''INSERT''
BEGIN
INSERT INTO [dbo].[UPDATE_LOG]
SELECT @NEWID,GETDATE(),'''+@TABLENAME+''',''INSERT'',@SQL_ISLAST+@SQL_DELETE+@SQL_DELGUID,@EXECSQL
RETURN
END
END
'
EXEC (@SQLTR)
END
END