jvm GC：垃圾回收的測試與分析

實驗環境：

（1）Java版本以及模式：

　　java version "1.8.0_171"
　　Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_171-b11)
　　Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.171-b11, mixed mode)

（2）垃圾回收器為Parrallel Scanvenge收集器 和 Parrallel Old收集器

（3）CPU：Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7200U CPU @ 2.50GHz

 

1、查看基礎內存消耗

public class GCTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){}
}

//使用javac編譯並執行java -verbose:gc -Xms20M -Xmx20M -Xmn10M -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:SurvivorRatio=8 GCTest

// 日志如下：
Heap
 PSYoungGen      total 9216K, used 1312K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000) eden space 8192K, 16% used [0x00000000ff600000,0x00000000ff748228,0x00000000ffe00000) from space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x0000000100000000) to space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000fff00000) ParOldGen total 10240K, used 0K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000) object space 10240K, 0% used [0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000ff600000) Metaspace used 2538K, capacity 4486K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K class space used 278K, capacity 386K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K

分析日志可知：eden區基礎消耗1312K的內存，其中新生代大小為9216K = 8192 + 1024 K，因為 to 區和 from 區只有其中一個能使用。我並不知道基礎消耗到哪里去了？有知道的大神告訴我下。

注意：使用cmd命令行執行，基礎內存消耗較低，原先使用idea執行基礎內存消耗達到2M。 

2、新創建的對象內存大於新生代剩余內存將直接分配到老年代

import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class GCTest {
    private static Unsafe unsafe;

    static {
        try {
            Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
            field.setAccessible(true);
            unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static long addressOf(Object o) throws Exception {
        Object[] array = new Object[] { o };
        long baseOffset = unsafe.arrayBaseOffset(Object[].class);
        int addressSize = unsafe.addressSize();
        long objectAddress;
        switch (addressSize) {
        case 4:
            objectAddress = unsafe.getInt(array, baseOffset);
            break;
        case 8:
            objectAddress = unsafe.getLong(array, baseOffset);
            break;
        default:
            throw new Error("unsupported address size: " + addressSize);
        }
        return (objectAddress);
    }

    private static final int _1MB = 1024 * 1024;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        byte[] allocation1, allocation2, allocation3, allocation4;
        allocation1 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
        allocation2 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
        allocation3 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
        allocation4 = new byte[4 * _1MB];
　　　　 // 打印對象所在的起始內存地址
        System.out.println("allocation1:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation1)));
        System.out.println("allocation2:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation2)));
        System.out.println("allocation3:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation3)));
        System.out.println("allocation4:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation4)));
    }

}

//使用javac編譯並執行java -verbose:gc -Xms20M -Xmx20M -Xmn10M -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:SurvivorRatio=8 GCTest

// 日志如下：

allocation1:0x00000000ff71f158 // 處於新生代
allocation2:0x00000000ff91f168 // 處於新生代 allocation3:0x00000000ffb1f178 // 處於新生代 allocation4:0x00000000fec00000 // 處於老年代 Heap PSYoungGen total 9216K, used 7456K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000) eden space 8192K, 91% used [0x00000000ff600000,0x00000000ffd48258,0x00000000ffe00000) from space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x0000000100000000) to space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000fff00000) ParOldGen total 10240K, used 4096K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000) object space 10240K, 40% used [0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000ff000010,0x00000000ff600000) Metaspace used 2568K, capacity 4486K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K class space used 284K, capacity 386K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K

分析日志可知：Minor GC沒有觸發，由於新生代剩余大小也放不下allocation4，於是allocation4直接分配到老年代中。

 

3、Minor GC的觸發與過程

import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class GCTest {
    private static Unsafe unsafe;

    static {
        try {
            Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
            field.setAccessible(true);
            unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static long addressOf(Object o) throws Exception {
        Object[] array = new Object[] { o };
        long baseOffset = unsafe.arrayBaseOffset(Object[].class);
        int addressSize = unsafe.addressSize();
        long objectAddress;
        switch (addressSize) {
        case 4:
            objectAddress = unsafe.getInt(array, baseOffset);
            break;
        case 8:
            objectAddress = unsafe.getLong(array, baseOffset);
            break;
        default:
            throw new Error("unsupported address size: " + addressSize);
        }
        return (objectAddress);
    }

    private static final int _1MB = 1024 * 1024;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        byte[] allocation1, allocation2, allocation3, allocation4;
        allocation1 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
        allocation2 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
        allocation3 = new byte[3 * _1MB]; // 觸發Minor GC
        allocation4 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
        System.out.println("allocation1:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation1)));
        System.out.println("allocation2:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation2)));
        System.out.println("allocation3:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation3)));
        System.out.println("allocation4:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation4)));
    }

}

// 使用javac編譯並執行java -verbose:gc -Xms20M -Xmx20M -Xmn10M -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:SurvivorRatio=8 GCTest

// 日志如下：

[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 5244K->768K(9216K)] 5244K->4872K(19456K), 0.0031067 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]
allocation1:0x00000000fec00000 // 處於老年代 allocation2:0x00000000fee02010 // 處於老年代 allocation3:0x00000000ff600000 // 處於新生代 allocation4:0x00000000ff900010 // 處於新生代 Heap PSYoungGen total 9216K, used 6129K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000) eden space 8192K, 65% used [0x00000000ff600000,0x00000000ffb3c410,0x00000000ffe00000) from space 1024K, 75% used [0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000ffec0030,0x00000000fff00000) to space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x0000000100000000) ParOldGen total 10240K, used 4104K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000) object space 10240K, 40% used [0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000ff002020,0x00000000ff600000) Metaspace used 2569K, capacity 4486K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K class space used 284K, capacity 386K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K

分析日志：

（1）進行了一次Minor GC，其中新生代占用大小從5244K 減少為 768K，總占用從5244K 減少為 4872K，清理掉的內存大小 5244 - 4872 = 372K，則老年代大小為 5244 - 768 - 372 = 4104K，該值與最終的老年代大小占用相同。新生代的768K為from space持有，因為1024 * 75% = 768K.

（2） Minor GC的觸發條件：當Eden區域放不下新創建的對象，但是新生代的剩余空間大於新創建的對象大小時。

　　放入allocation1和allocation2時： 1314K（基礎消耗）+ 2 * 1024K（allocation1）+ 2*1024K（allocation2）= 5410K  小於Eden區

　　放入allocation3時： 5410K + 3072K = 8482K 大於Eden區域（8192K） 小於新生代大小（9216K） 此時觸發Minor GC

 

Minor GC的過程：

（1）將存活對象從Eden區將對象轉入from區域（如：上述from space的內存占用為768K）。

（2）轉移期間，對象太大，將直接進入老年代（如：上述老年代的4104K的內存大小）。

（3）轉移后，非存活對象將被清理掉（如：上述372K的內存大小）。

 

4、Full GC觸發與過程

import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class GCTest {
    private static Unsafe unsafe;

    static {
        try {
            Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
            field.setAccessible(true);
            unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get(null);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static long addressOf(Object o) throws Exception {
        Object[] array = new Object[] { o };
        long baseOffset = unsafe.arrayBaseOffset(Object[].class);
        int addressSize = unsafe.addressSize();
        long objectAddress;
        switch (addressSize) {
        case 4:
            objectAddress = unsafe.getInt(array, baseOffset);
            break;
        case 8:
            objectAddress = unsafe.getLong(array, baseOffset);
            break;
        default:
            throw new Error("unsupported address size: " + addressSize);
        }
        return (objectAddress);
    }

    private static final int _1MB = 1024 * 1024;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        byte[] allocation1, allocation2, allocation3, allocation4;
        allocation1 = new byte[2 * _1MB];
        allocation2 = new byte[3 * _1MB]; // 轉入老年代時，由於allocation2 大於 allocation1，所以觸發了Full GC
        allocation3 = new byte[2 * _1MB]; // 觸發Minor GC
        System.out.println("allocation1:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation1)));
        System.out.println("allocation2:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation2)));
        System.out.println("allocation3:0x00000000" + Long.toHexString(addressOf(allocation3)));
    }
}

// 使用javac編譯並執行java -verbose:gc -Xms20M -Xmx20M -Xmn10M -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:SurvivorRatio=8 GCTest

日志如下：
[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 6268K->768K(9216K)] 6268K->5896K(19456K), 0.0036739 secs] [Times: user=0.01 sys=0.05, real=0.02 secs] [Full GC (Ergonomics) [PSYoungGen: 768K->0K(9216K)] [ParOldGen: 5128K->5750K(10240K)] 5896K->5750K(19456K), [Metaspace: 2559K->2559K(1056768K)], 0.0068489 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] allocation1:0x00000000fec00000 // 處於老年代 allocation2:0x00000000fee004e8 // 處於老年代 allocation3:0x00000000ff600000 // 處於新生代 Heap PSYoungGen total 9216K, used 2289K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000) eden space 8192K, 27% used [0x00000000ff600000,0x00000000ff83c770,0x00000000ffe00000) from space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000fff00000) to space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x0000000100000000) ParOldGen total 10240K, used 5750K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000) object space 10240K, 56% used [0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000ff19d8e8,0x00000000ff600000) Metaspace used 2569K, capacity 4486K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K class space used 284K, capacity 386K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K　　

分析日志：
（1）發生一次Minor GC與一次Full GC，第一次Minor GC回收了 6268K - 5896K = 372K 內存，新生代剩余768K內存，這一步和上一個例子相同。
（2）由於allocation1和allocation2的大小大於from space區，所以需要直接轉入老年代。但由於allocation2大於allocation1，觸發Full GC來防止老年代的空間不足以存放新的對象。
這次GC回收了5896K - 5750K = 146K的內存空間，新生代內存占用變為0K，老年代內存占用添加768K - 146K = 622K。老年代內存占用= 622K+allocation1(2*1024)+allocation2(3*1024) = 5742K (約等於5750K)
多出來的8K，我也不知道在哪里了，有大神知道請告訴我。
（3）allocation3直接放入了Eden區域，新生代最終內存占用為 2048K(約等於2289K)。

Full GC的過程：
（1）一般會觸發一次Minor GC，即from space區對象的存活時間較長能夠升入老年代。
（2）老年代垃圾回收，將非存活對象回收。

5、總結

（1）Minor GC觸發條件：新創建的對象大於Eden區剩余空間，小於新生代剩余空間時觸發；Full GC時伴隨觸發一次。

（2）Full GC觸發條件：由新生代轉入老年代時，對象內存占用大於平均轉入老年代的對象內存占用。