elasticsearch系列三：索引詳解（分詞器、文檔管理、路由詳解（集群））

一、分詞器

1. 認識分詞器

 1.1 Analyzer   分析器

 在ES中一個Analyzer 由下面三種組件組合而成：

character filter ：字符過濾器，對文本進行字符過濾處理，如處理文本中的html標簽字符。處理完后再交給tokenizer進行分詞。一個analyzer中可包含0個或多個字符過濾器，多個按配置順序依次進行處理。
tokenizer：分詞器，對文本進行分詞。一個analyzer必需且只可包含一個tokenizer。
token filter：詞項過濾器，對tokenizer分出的詞進行過濾處理。如轉小寫、停用詞處理、同義詞處理。一個analyzer可包含0個或多個詞項過濾器，按配置順序進行過濾。

1.2 如何測試分詞器

POST _analyze
{
  "analyzer": "whitespace",
  "text":     "The quick brown fox."
}

POST _analyze
{
  "tokenizer": "standard",
  "filter":  [ "lowercase", "asciifolding" ],
  "text":      "Is this déja vu?"
}

 

position：第幾個詞

offset：詞的偏移位置

2. 內建的character filter

HTML Strip Character Filter
　　html_strip ：過濾html標簽，解碼HTML entities like &.
Mapping Character Filter
　　mapping ：用指定的字符串替換文本中的某字符串。
Pattern Replace Character Filter
　　pattern_replace ：進行正則表達式替換。

2.1 HTML Strip Character Filter 

POST _analyze
{
  "tokenizer":      "keyword", 
  "char_filter":  [ "html_strip" ],
  "text": "<p>I&apos;m so <b>happy</b>!</p>"
}

 

 在索引中配置：

PUT my_index
{
  "settings": {
    "analysis": {
      "analyzer": {
        "my_analyzer": {
          "tokenizer": "keyword",
          "char_filter": ["my_char_filter"]
        }
      },
      "char_filter": { "my_char_filter": { "type": "html_strip", "escaped_tags": ["b"] } }
    }
  }
}

escaped_tags 用來指定例外的標簽。 如果沒有例外標簽需配置，則不需要在此進行客戶化定義，在上面的my_analyzer中直接使用 html_strip

測試：

POST my_index/_analyze
{
  "analyzer": "my_analyzer",
  "text": "<p>I&apos;m so <b>happy</b>!</p>"
}

2.2 Mapping character filter

官網鏈接：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-mapping-charfilter.html

PUT my_index
{
  "settings": {
    "analysis": {
      "analyzer": {
        "my_analyzer": {
          "tokenizer": "keyword",
          "char_filter": [
            "my_char_filter"
          ]
        }
      },
      "char_filter": {
        "my_char_filter": {
          "type": "mapping",
          "mappings": [
            "٠ => 0",
            "١ => 1",
            "٢ => 2",
            "٣ => 3",
            "٤ => 4",
            "٥ => 5",
            "٦ => 6",
            "٧ => 7",
            "٨ => 8",
            "٩ => 9"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

 測試

POST my_index/_analyze
{
  "analyzer": "my_analyzer",
  "text": "My license plate is ٢٥٠١٥"
}

 

2.3 Pattern Replace Character Filter

 官網鏈接：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-pattern-replace-charfilter.html

PUT my_index
{
  "settings": {
    "analysis": {
      "analyzer": {
        "my_analyzer": {
          "tokenizer": "standard",
          "char_filter": [
            "my_char_filter"
          ]
        }
      },
      "char_filter": {
        "my_char_filter": {
          "type": "pattern_replace",
          "pattern": "(\\d+)-(?=\\d)",
          "replacement": "$1_"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

測試

POST my_index/_analyze
{
  "analyzer": "my_analyzer",
  "text": "My credit card is 123-456-789"
}

 

 

3. 內建的Tokenizer

 官網鏈接：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-tokenizers.html

Standard Tokenizer
Letter Tokenizer
Lowercase Tokenizer
Whitespace Tokenizer
UAX URL Email Tokenizer
Classic Tokenizer
Thai Tokenizer
NGram Tokenizer
Edge NGram Tokenizer
Keyword Tokenizer
Pattern Tokenizer
Simple Pattern Tokenizer
Simple Pattern Split Tokenizer
Path Hierarchy Tokenizer

前面集成的中文分詞器Ikanalyzer中提供的tokenizer：ik_smart 、 ik_max_word

 測試tokenizer

POST _analyze
{
  "tokenizer":      "standard", 
  "text": "張三說的確實在理"
}

POST _analyze
{
  "tokenizer":      "ik_smart", 
  "text": "張三說的確實在理"
}

4.  內建的Token Filter

ES中內建了很多Token filter ，詳細了解：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-tokenizers.html

Lowercase Token Filter ：lowercase 轉小寫
Stop Token Filter ：stop 停用詞過濾器
Synonym Token Filter： synonym 同義詞過濾器

 說明：中文分詞器Ikanalyzer中自帶有停用詞過濾功能。

 4.1 Synonym Token Filter 同義詞過濾器

PUT /test_index
{
    "settings": {
        "index" : {
            "analysis" : {
                "analyzer" : {
                    "my_ik_synonym" : {
                        "tokenizer" : "ik_smart",
                        "filter" : ["synonym"]
                    }
                },
                "filter" : { "synonym" : { "type" : "synonym", <!-- synonyms_path：指定同義詞文件（相對config的位置）--> "synonyms_path" : "analysis/synonym.txt" } }
            }
        }
    }
}

 同義詞定義格式

ES同義詞格式支持 solr、 WordNet 兩種格式。

在analysis/synonym.txt中用solr格式定義如下同義詞

張三,李四
電飯煲,電飯鍋 => 電飯煲
電腦 => 計算機,computer

注意：

文件一定要UTF-8編碼

一行一類同義詞，=> 表示標准化為

測試：通過例子的結果了解同義詞的處理行為

POST test_index/_analyze
{
  "analyzer": "my_ik_synonym",
  "text": "張三說的確實在理"
}

POST test_index/_analyze
{
  "analyzer": "my_ik_synonym",
  "text": "我想買個電飯鍋和一個電腦"
}

5. 內建的Analyzer

官網鏈接：

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/analysis-analyzers.html

Standard Analyzer
Simple Analyzer
Whitespace Analyzer
Stop Analyzer
Keyword Analyzer
Pattern Analyzer
Language Analyzers
Fingerprint Analyzer

集成的中文分詞器Ikanalyzer中提供的Analyzer：ik_smart 、 ik_max_word

內建的和集成的analyzer可以直接使用。如果它們不能滿足我們的需要，則我們可自己組合字符過濾器、分詞器、詞項過濾器來定義自定義的analyzer

5.1 自定義 Analyzer

配置參數：

PUT my_index8
{
  "settings": {
    "analysis": {
      "analyzer": {
        "my_ik_analyzer": {
          "type": "custom",
          "tokenizer": "ik_smart",
          "char_filter": [
            "html_strip"
          ],
          "filter": [
             "synonym"
          ]
        }
      },
      "filter": {
        "synonym": {
          "type": "synonym",
          "synonyms_path": "analysis/synonym.txt"
        }
      }    }  }}

 5.2 為字段指定分詞器

PUT my_index8/_mapping/_doc
{
  "properties": {
    "title": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "my_ik_analyzer"
    }
  }
}

 如果該字段的查詢需要使用不同的analyzer

PUT my_index8/_mapping/_doc
{
  "properties": {
    "title": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "my_ik_analyzer",
        "search_analyzer": "other_analyzer" 
    }
  }
}

 測試結果

PUT my_index8/_doc/1
{
  "title": "張三說的確實在理"
}

GET /my_index8/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "title": "張三"
    }
  }
}

 5.3 為索引定義個default分詞器

PUT /my_index10
{
  "settings": {
    "analysis": {
      "analyzer": {
        "default": {
          "tokenizer": "ik_smart",
          "filter": [
            "synonym"
          ]
        }
      },
      "filter": {
        "synonym": {
          "type": "synonym",
          "synonyms_path": "analysis/synonym.txt"
        }
      }
    }
  },
"mappings": {
    "_doc": {
      "properties": {
        "title": {
          "type": "text"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

 測試結果：

PUT my_index10/_doc/1
{
  "title": "張三說的確實在理"
}

GET /my_index10/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "title": "張三"
    }
  }
}

 6. Analyzer的使用順序

 我們可以為每個查詢、每個字段、每個索引指定分詞器。

 在索引階段ES將按如下順序來選用分詞：

首先選用字段mapping定義中指定的analyzer
字段定義中沒有指定analyzer，則選用 index settings中定義的名字為default 的analyzer。
如index setting中沒有定義default分詞器，則使用 standard analyzer.

查詢階段ES將按如下順序來選用分詞：

The analyzer defined in a full-text query.
The search_analyzer defined in the field mapping.
The analyzer defined in the field mapping.
An analyzer named default_search in the index settings.
An analyzer named default in the index settings.
The standard analyzer.

二、文檔管理

 

1. 新建文檔

指定文檔id，新增/修改

PUT twitter/_doc/1
{
    "id": 1,
    "user" : "kimchy",
    "post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
    "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
}

新增，自動生成文檔id

POST twitter/_doc/
{
    "id": 1,
    "user" : "kimchy",
    "post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
    "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
}

 返回結果說明：

2. 獲取單個文檔

 HEAD twitter/_doc/11

 GET twitter/_doc/1

不獲取文檔的source：

 GET twitter/_doc/1?_source=false

 獲取文檔的source：

GET twitter/_doc/1/_source

{
  "_index": "twitter",
  "_type": "_doc",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 2,
  "found": true, "_source": { "id": 1, "user": "kimchy", "post_date": "2009-11-15T14:12:12", "message": "trying out Elasticsearch" }}

 獲取存儲字段

PUT twitter11
{
   "mappings": {
      "_doc": {
         "properties": {
            "counter": {
               "type": "integer",
               "store": false
            },
            "tags": {
               "type": "keyword",
               "store": true
            } }   }  }}

PUT twitter11/_doc/1
{
    "counter" : 1,
    "tags" : ["red"]
}

GET twitter11/_doc/1?stored_fields=tags,counter

 

3. 獲取多個文檔 _mget

 方式1：

GET /_mget
{
    "docs" : [
        {
            "_index" : "twitter",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "1"
        },
        {
            "_index" : "twitter",
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "2"
            "stored_fields" : ["field3", "field4"]
        }
    ]
}

 方式2：

GET /twitter/_mget
{
    "docs" : [
        {
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "1"
        },
        {
            "_type" : "_doc",
            "_id" : "2"
        }
    ]
}

  方式3：

GET /twitter/_doc/_mget
{
    "docs" : [
        {
            "_id" : "1"
        },
        {
            "_id" : "2"
        }
    ]
}

  方式4：

GET /twitter/_doc/_mget
{
    "ids" : ["1", "2"]
}

 4. 刪除文檔

指定文檔id進行刪除

DELETE twitter/_doc/1

 用版本來控制刪除

DELETE twitter/_doc/1?version=1

 返回結果：

{
    "_shards" : {
        "total" : 2,
        "failed" : 0,
        "successful" : 2
    },
    "_index" : "twitter",
    "_type" : "_doc",
    "_id" : "1",
    "_version" : 2,
    "_primary_term": 1,
    "_seq_no": 5,
    "result": "deleted"
}

 查詢刪除

POST twitter/_delete_by_query
{
  "query": { 
    "match": {
      "message": "some message"
    }
  }
}

 當有文檔有版本沖突時，不放棄刪除操作（記錄沖突的文檔，繼續刪除其他復合查詢的文檔）

POST twitter/_doc/_delete_by_query?conflicts=proceed
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

 通過task api 來查看 查詢刪除任務

GET _tasks?detailed=true&actions=*/delete/byquery

查詢具體任務的狀態

GET /_tasks/taskId:1

 取消任務

POST _tasks/task_id:1/_cancel

5. 更新文檔

 指定文檔id進行修改

PUT twitter/_doc/1
{
    "id": 1,
    "user" : "kimchy",
    "post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
    "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
}

樂觀鎖並發更新控制

PUT twitter/_doc/1?version=1
{
    "id": 1,
    "user" : "kimchy",
    "post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
    "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
}

 返回結果

{
  "_index": "twitter",
  "_type": "_doc",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 3,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 3,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "_seq_no": 2,
  "_primary_term": 3
}

6.Scripted update 通過腳本來更新文檔

6.1 准備一個文檔

PUT uptest/_doc/1
{
    "counter" : 1,
    "tags" : ["red"]
}

6.2、對文檔1的counter + 4

POST uptest/_doc/1/_update
{
    "script" : {
        "source": "ctx._source.counter += params.count",
        "lang": "painless",
        "params" : {
            "count" : 4
        }
    }
}

6.3、往數組中加入元素

POST uptest/_doc/1/_update
{
    "script" : {
        "source": "ctx._source.tags.add(params.tag)",
        "lang": "painless",
        "params" : {
            "tag" : "blue"
        }
    }
}

腳本說明：painless是es內置的一種腳本語言，ctx執行上下文對象（通過它還可訪問_index, _type, _id, _version, _routing and _now (the current timestamp) ），params是參數集合

 說明：腳本更新要求索引的_source 字段是啟用的。更新執行流程：

a、獲取到原文檔
b、通過_source字段的原始數據，執行腳本修改。
c、刪除原索引文檔
d、索引修改后的文檔
它只是降低了一些網絡往返，並減少了get和索引之間版本沖突的可能性。

 6.4、添加一個字段

POST uptest/_doc/1/_update
{
    "script" : "ctx._source.new_field = 'value_of_new_field'"
}

6.5、移除一個字段

POST uptest/_doc/1/_update
{
    "script" : "ctx._source.remove('new_field')"
}

6.6、判斷刪除或不做什么

POST uptest/_doc/1/_update
{
    "script" : {
        "source": "if (ctx._source.tags.contains(params.tag)) { ctx.op = 'delete' } else { ctx.op = 'none' }",
        "lang": "painless",
        "params" : {
            "tag" : "green"
        }
    }
}

6.7、合並傳人的文檔字段進行更新

POST uptest/_doc/1/_update
{
    "doc" : {
        "name" : "new_name"
    }
}

6.8、再次執行7，更新內容相同，不需做什么

{
  "_index": "uptest",
  "_type": "_doc",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 4,
  "result": "noop",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 0,
    "successful": 0,
    "failed": 0
  }
}

6.9、設置不做noop檢測

POST uptest/_doc/1/_update
{
    "doc" : {
        "name" : "new_name"
    },
    "detect_noop": false
}

什么是noop檢測？

即已經執行過的腳本不再執行

6.10、upsert 操作：如果要更新的文檔存在，則執行腳本進行更新，如不存在，則把 upsert中的內容作為一個新文檔寫入。

POST uptest/_doc/1/_update
{
    "script" : {
        "source": "ctx._source.counter += params.count",
        "lang": "painless",
        "params" : {
            "count" : 4
        }
    },
    "upsert" : {
        "counter" : 1
    }
}

7. 通過條件查詢來更新文檔

滿足查詢條件的才更新

POST twitter/_update_by_query
{
  "script": {
    "source": "ctx._source.likes++",
    "lang": "painless"
  },
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "user": "kimchy"
    }
  }
}

8. 批量操作

批量操作API /_bulk 讓我們可以在一次調用中執行多個索引、刪除操作。這可以大大提高索引數據的速度。批量操作內容體需按如下以新行分割的json結構格式給出：

語法：

action_and_meta_data\n
optional_source\n
action_and_meta_data\n
optional_source\n
....
action_and_meta_data\n
optional_source\n

說明：

action_and_meta_data: action可以是 index, create, delete and update ，meta_data 指: _index ,_type,_id 請求端點可以是: /_bulk, /{index}/_bulk, {index}/{type}/_bulk

示例：

POST _bulk
{ "index" : { "_index" : "test", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "1" } }
{ "field1" : "value1" }
{ "delete" : { "_index" : "test", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "2" } }
{ "create" : { "_index" : "test", "_type" : "_doc", "_id" : "3" } }
{ "field1" : "value3" }
{ "update" : {"_id" : "1", "_type" : "_doc", "_index" : "test"} }
{ "doc" : {"field2" : "value2"} }

8.1 curl + json 文件 批量索引多個文檔

注意：accounts.json要放在執行curl命令的同等級目錄下，后續學習的測試數據基本都使用這份銀行的數據了

curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST "localhost:9200/bank/_doc/_bulk?pretty&refresh" --data-binary "@accounts.json"

accounts.json：

{"index":{"_id":"1"}}
{"account_number":1,"balance":39225,"firstname":"Amber","lastname":"Duke","age":32,"gender":"M","address":"880 Holmes Lane","employer":"Pyrami","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Brogan","state":"IL"}
{"index":{"_id":"6"}}
{"account_number":6,"balance":5686,"firstname":"Hattie","lastname":"Bond","age":36,"gender":"M","address":"671 Bristol Street","employer":"Netagy","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Dante","state":"TN"}
{"index":{"_id":"13"}}
{"account_number":13,"balance":32838,"firstname":"Nanette","lastname":"Bates","age":28,"gender":"F","address":"789 Madison Street","employer":"Quility","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Nogal","state":"VA"}
{"index":{"_id":"18"}}
{"account_number":18,"balance":4180,"firstname":"Dale","lastname":"Adams","age":33,"gender":"M","address":"467 Hutchinson Court","employer":"Boink","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Orick","state":"MD"}
{"index":{"_id":"20"}}
{"account_number":20,"balance":16418,"firstname":"Elinor","lastname":"Ratliff","age":36,"gender":"M","address":"282 Kings Place","employer":"Scentric","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Ribera","state":"WA"}
{"index":{"_id":"25"}}
{"account_number":25,"balance":40540,"firstname":"Virginia","lastname":"Ayala","age":39,"gender":"F","address":"171 Putnam Avenue","employer":"Filodyne","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Nicholson","state":"PA"}
{"index":{"_id":"32"}}
{"account_number":32,"balance":48086,"firstname":"Dillard","lastname":"Mcpherson","age":34,"gender":"F","address":"702 Quentin Street","employer":"Quailcom","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Veguita","state":"IN"}
{"index":{"_id":"37"}}
{"account_number":37,"balance":18612,"firstname":"Mcgee","lastname":"Mooney","age":39,"gender":"M","address":"826 Fillmore Place","employer":"Reversus","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Tooleville","state":"OK"}
{"index":{"_id":"44"}}
{"account_number":44,"balance":34487,"firstname":"Aurelia","lastname":"Harding","age":37,"gender":"M","address":"502 Baycliff Terrace","employer":"Orbalix","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Yardville","state":"DE"}
{"index":{"_id":"49"}}
{"account_number":49,"balance":29104,"firstname":"Fulton","lastname":"Holt","age":23,"gender":"F","address":"451 Humboldt Street","employer":"Anocha","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Sunriver","state":"RI"}
{"index":{"_id":"51"}}
{"account_number":51,"balance":14097,"firstname":"Burton","lastname":"Meyers","age":31,"gender":"F","address":"334 River Street","employer":"Bezal","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Jacksonburg","state":"MO"}
{"index":{"_id":"56"}}
{"account_number":56,"balance":14992,"firstname":"Josie","lastname":"Nelson","age":32,"gender":"M","address":"857 Tabor Court","employer":"Emtrac","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Sunnyside","state":"UT"}
{"index":{"_id":"63"}}
{"account_number":63,"balance":6077,"firstname":"Hughes","lastname":"Owens","age":30,"gender":"F","address":"510 Sedgwick Street","employer":"Valpreal","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Guilford","state":"KS"}
{"index":{"_id":"68"}}
{"account_number":68,"balance":44214,"firstname":"Hall","lastname":"Key","age":25,"gender":"F","address":"927 Bay Parkway","employer":"Eventex","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Shawmut","state":"CA"}
{"index":{"_id":"70"}}
{"account_number":70,"balance":38172,"firstname":"Deidre","lastname":"Thompson","age":33,"gender":"F","address":"685 School Lane","employer":"Netplode","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Chestnut","state":"GA"}
{"index":{"_id":"75"}}
{"account_number":75,"balance":40500,"firstname":"Sandoval","lastname":"Kramer","age":22,"gender":"F","address":"166 Irvington Place","employer":"Overfork","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Limestone","state":"NH"}
{"index":{"_id":"82"}}
{"account_number":82,"balance":41412,"firstname":"Concetta","lastname":"Barnes","age":39,"gender":"F","address":"195 Bayview Place","employer":"Fitcore","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Summerfield","state":"NC"}
{"index":{"_id":"87"}}
{"account_number":87,"balance":1133,"firstname":"Hewitt","lastname":"Kidd","age":22,"gender":"M","address":"446 Halleck Street","employer":"Isologics","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Coalmont","state":"ME"}
{"index":{"_id":"94"}}
{"account_number":94,"balance":41060,"firstname":"Brittany","lastname":"Cabrera","age":30,"gender":"F","address":"183 Kathleen Court","employer":"Mixers","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Cornucopia","state":"AZ"}
{"index":{"_id":"99"}}
{"account_number":99,"balance":47159,"firstname":"Ratliff","lastname":"Heath","age":39,"gender":"F","address":"806 Rockwell Place","employer":"Zappix","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Shaft","state":"ND"}
{"index":{"_id":"102"}}
{"account_number":102,"balance":29712,"firstname":"Dena","lastname":"Olson","age":27,"gender":"F","address":"759 Newkirk Avenue","employer":"Hinway","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Choctaw","state":"NJ"}
{"index":{"_id":"107"}}
{"account_number":107,"balance":48844,"firstname":"Randi","lastname":"Rich","age":28,"gender":"M","address":"694 Jefferson Street","employer":"Netplax","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Bellfountain","state":"SC"}
{"index":{"_id":"114"}}
{"account_number":114,"balance":43045,"firstname":"Josephine","lastname":"Joseph","age":31,"gender":"F","address":"451 Oriental Court","employer":"Turnabout","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Sedley","state":"AL"}
{"index":{"_id":"119"}}
{"account_number":119,"balance":49222,"firstname":"Laverne","lastname":"Johnson","age":28,"gender":"F","address":"302 Howard Place","employer":"Senmei","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Herlong","state":"DC"}
{"index":{"_id":"121"}}
{"account_number":121,"balance":19594,"firstname":"Acevedo","lastname":"Dorsey","age":32,"gender":"M","address":"479 Nova Court","employer":"Netropic","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Islandia","state":"CT"}
{"index":{"_id":"126"}}
{"account_number":126,"balance":3607,"firstname":"Effie","lastname":"Gates","age":39,"gender":"F","address":"620 National Drive","employer":"Digitalus","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Blodgett","state":"MD"}
{"index":{"_id":"133"}}
{"account_number":133,"balance":26135,"firstname":"Deena","lastname":"Richmond","age":36,"gender":"F","address":"646 Underhill Avenue","employer":"Sunclipse","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Austinburg","state":"SC"}
{"index":{"_id":"138"}}
{"account_number":138,"balance":9006,"firstname":"Daniel","lastname":"Arnold","age":39,"gender":"F","address":"422 Malbone Street","employer":"Ecstasia","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Gardiner","state":"MO"}
{"index":{"_id":"140"}}
{"account_number":140,"balance":26696,"firstname":"Cotton","lastname":"Christensen","age":32,"gender":"M","address":"878 Schermerhorn Street","employer":"Prowaste","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Mayfair","state":"LA"}
{"index":{"_id":"145"}}
{"account_number":145,"balance":47406,"firstname":"Rowena","lastname":"Wilkinson","age":32,"gender":"M","address":"891 Elton Street","employer":"Asimiline","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Ripley","state":"NH"}
{"index":{"_id":"152"}}
{"account_number":152,"balance":8088,"firstname":"Wolfe","lastname":"Rocha","age":21,"gender":"M","address":"457 Guernsey Street","employer":"Hivedom","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Adelino","state":"MS"}
{"index":{"_id":"157"}}
{"account_number":157,"balance":39868,"firstname":"Claudia","lastname":"Terry","age":20,"gender":"F","address":"132 Gunnison Court","employer":"Lumbrex","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Castleton","state":"MD"}
{"index":{"_id":"164"}}
{"account_number":164,"balance":9101,"firstname":"Cummings","lastname":"Little","age":26,"gender":"F","address":"308 Schaefer Street","employer":"Comtrak","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Chaparrito","state":"WI"}
{"index":{"_id":"169"}}
{"account_number":169,"balance":45953,"firstname":"Hollie","lastname":"Osborn","age":34,"gender":"M","address":"671 Seaview Court","employer":"Musaphics","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Hanover","state":"GA"}
{"index":{"_id":"171"}}
{"account_number":171,"balance":7091,"firstname":"Nelda","lastname":"Hopper","age":39,"gender":"M","address":"742 Prospect Place","employer":"Equicom","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Finderne","state":"SC"}
{"index":{"_id":"176"}}
{"account_number":176,"balance":18607,"firstname":"Kemp","lastname":"Walters","age":28,"gender":"F","address":"906 Howard Avenue","employer":"Eyewax","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Why","state":"KY"}
{"index":{"_id":"183"}}
{"account_number":183,"balance":14223,"firstname":"Hudson","lastname":"English","age":26,"gender":"F","address":"823 Herkimer Place","employer":"Xinware","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Robbins","state":"ND"}
{"index":{"_id":"188"}}
{"account_number":188,"balance":41504,"firstname":"Tia","lastname":"Miranda","age":24,"gender":"F","address":"583 Ainslie Street","employer":"Jasper","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Summerset","state":"UT"}
{"index":{"_id":"190"}}
{"account_number":190,"balance":3150,"firstname":"Blake","lastname":"Davidson","age":30,"gender":"F","address":"636 Diamond Street","employer":"Quantasis","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Crumpler","state":"KY"}
{"index":{"_id":"195"}}
{"account_number":195,"balance":5025,"firstname":"Kaye","lastname":"Gibson","age":31,"gender":"M","address":"955 Hopkins Street","employer":"Zork","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Ola","state":"WY"}
{"index":{"_id":"203"}}
{"account_number":203,"balance":21890,"firstname":"Eve","lastname":"Wyatt","age":33,"gender":"M","address":"435 Furman Street","employer":"Assitia","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Jamestown","state":"MN"}
{"index":{"_id":"208"}}
{"account_number":208,"balance":40760,"firstname":"Garcia","lastname":"Hess","age":26,"gender":"F","address":"810 Nostrand Avenue","employer":"Quiltigen","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Brooktrails","state":"GA"}
{"index":{"_id":"210"}}
{"account_number":210,"balance":33946,"firstname":"Cherry","lastname":"Carey","age":24,"gender":"M","address":"539 Tiffany Place","employer":"Martgo","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Fairacres","state":"AK"}
{"index":{"_id":"215"}}
{"account_number":215,"balance":37427,"firstname":"Copeland","lastname":"Solomon","age":20,"gender":"M","address":"741 McDonald Avenue","employer":"Recognia","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Edmund","state":"ME"}
{"index":{"_id":"222"}}
{"account_number":222,"balance":14764,"firstname":"Rachelle","lastname":"Rice","age":36,"gender":"M","address":"333 Narrows Avenue","employer":"Enaut","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Wright","state":"AZ"}
{"index":{"_id":"227"}}
{"account_number":227,"balance":19780,"firstname":"Coleman","lastname":"Berg","age":22,"gender":"M","address":"776 Little Street","employer":"Exoteric","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Eagleville","state":"WV"}
{"index":{"_id":"234"}}
{"account_number":234,"balance":44207,"firstname":"Betty","lastname":"Hall","age":37,"gender":"F","address":"709 Garfield Place","employer":"Miraclis","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Bendon","state":"NY"}
{"index":{"_id":"239"}}
{"account_number":239,"balance":25719,"firstname":"Chang","lastname":"Boyer","age":36,"gender":"M","address":"895 Brigham Street","employer":"Qaboos","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Belgreen","state":"NH"}
{"index":{"_id":"241"}}
{"account_number":241,"balance":25379,"firstname":"Schroeder","lastname":"Harrington","age":26,"gender":"M","address":"610 Tapscott Avenue","employer":"Otherway","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Ebro","state":"TX"}
{"index":{"_id":"246"}}
{"account_number":246,"balance":28405,"firstname":"Katheryn","lastname":"Foster","age":21,"gender":"F","address":"259 Kane Street","employer":"Quantalia","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Bath","state":"TX"}
{"index":{"_id":"253"}}
{"account_number":253,"balance":20240,"firstname":"Melissa","lastname":"Gould","age":31,"gender":"M","address":"440 Fuller Place","employer":"Buzzopia","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Lumberton","state":"MD"}
{"index":{"_id":"258"}}
{"account_number":258,"balance":5712,"firstname":"Lindsey","lastname":"Hawkins","age":37,"gender":"M","address":"706 Frost Street","employer":"Enormo","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Gardners","state":"AK"}
{"index":{"_id":"260"}}
{"account_number":260,"balance":2726,"firstname":"Kari","lastname":"Skinner","age":30,"gender":"F","address":"735 Losee Terrace","employer":"Singavera","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Rushford","state":"WV"}
{"index":{"_id":"265"}}
{"account_number":265,"balance":46910,"firstname":"Marion","lastname":"Schneider","age":26,"gender":"F","address":"574 Everett Avenue","employer":"Evidends","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Maplewood","state":"WY"}
{"index":{"_id":"272"}}
{"account_number":272,"balance":19253,"firstname":"Lilly","lastname":"Morgan","age":25,"gender":"F","address":"689 Fleet Street","employer":"Biolive","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Sunbury","state":"OH"}
{"index":{"_id":"277"}}
{"account_number":277,"balance":29564,"firstname":"Romero","lastname":"Lott","age":31,"gender":"M","address":"456 Danforth Street","employer":"Plasto","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Vincent","state":"VT"}
{"index":{"_id":"284"}}
{"account_number":284,"balance":22806,"firstname":"Randolph","lastname":"Banks","age":29,"gender":"M","address":"875 Hamilton Avenue","employer":"Caxt","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Crawfordsville","state":"WA"}
{"index":{"_id":"289"}}
{"account_number":289,"balance":7798,"firstname":"Blair","lastname":"Church","age":29,"gender":"M","address":"370 Sutton Street","employer":"Cubix","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Nile","state":"NH"}
{"index":{"_id":"291"}}
{"account_number":291,"balance":19955,"firstname":"Lynn","lastname":"Pollard","age":40,"gender":"F","address":"685 Pierrepont Street","employer":"Slambda","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Mappsville","state":"ID"}
{"index":{"_id":"296"}}
{"account_number":296,"balance":24606,"firstname":"Rosa","lastname":"Oliver","age":34,"gender":"M","address":"168 Woodbine Street","employer":"Idetica","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Robinson","state":"WY"}
{"index":{"_id":"304"}}
{"account_number":304,"balance":28647,"firstname":"Palmer","lastname":"Clark","age":35,"gender":"M","address":"866 Boulevard Court","employer":"Maximind","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Avalon","state":"NH"}
{"index":{"_id":"309"}}
{"account_number":309,"balance":3830,"firstname":"Rosemarie","lastname":"Nieves","age":30,"gender":"M","address":"206 Alice Court","employer":"Zounds","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Ferney","state":"AR"}
{"index":{"_id":"311"}}
{"account_number":311,"balance":13388,"firstname":"Vinson","lastname":"Ballard","age":23,"gender":"F","address":"960 Glendale Court","employer":"Gynk","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Fairforest","state":"WY"}
{"index":{"_id":"316"}}
{"account_number":316,"balance":8214,"firstname":"Anita","lastname":"Ewing","age":32,"gender":"M","address":"396 Lombardy Street","employer":"Panzent","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Neahkahnie","state":"WY"}
{"index":{"_id":"323"}}
{"account_number":323,"balance":42230,"firstname":"Chelsea","lastname":"Gamble","age":34,"gender":"F","address":"356 Dare Court","employer":"Isosphere","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Dundee","state":"MD"}
{"index":{"_id":"328"}}
{"account_number":328,"balance":12523,"firstname":"Good","lastname":"Campbell","age":27,"gender":"F","address":"438 Hicks Street","employer":"Gracker","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Marion","state":"CA"}
{"index":{"_id":"330"}}
{"account_number":330,"balance":41620,"firstname":"Yvette","lastname":"Browning","age":34,"gender":"F","address":"431 Beekman Place","employer":"Marketoid","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Talpa","state":"CO"}
{"index":{"_id":"335"}}
{"account_number":335,"balance":35433,"firstname":"Vera","lastname":"Hansen","age":24,"gender":"M","address":"252 Bushwick Avenue","employer":"Zanilla","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Manila","state":"TN"}
{"index":{"_id":"342"}}
{"account_number":342,"balance":33670,"firstname":"Vivian","lastname":"Wells","age":36,"gender":"M","address":"570 Cobek Court","employer":"Nutralab","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Fontanelle","state":"OK"}
{"index":{"_id":"347"}}
{"account_number":347,"balance":36038,"firstname":"Gould","lastname":"Carson","age":24,"gender":"F","address":"784 Pulaski Street","employer":"Mobildata","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Goochland","state":"MI"}
{"index":{"_id":"354"}}
{"account_number":354,"balance":21294,"firstname":"Kidd","lastname":"Mclean","age":22,"gender":"M","address":"691 Saratoga Avenue","employer":"Ronbert","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Tioga","state":"ME"}
{"index":{"_id":"359"}}
{"account_number":359,"balance":29927,"firstname":"Vanessa","lastname":"Harvey","age":28,"gender":"F","address":"679 Rutledge Street","employer":"Zentime","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Williston","state":"IL"}
{"index":{"_id":"361"}}
{"account_number":361,"balance":23659,"firstname":"Noreen","lastname":"Shelton","age":36,"gender":"M","address":"702 Tillary Street","employer":"Medmex","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Derwood","state":"NH"}
{"index":{"_id":"366"}}
{"account_number":366,"balance":42368,"firstname":"Lydia","lastname":"Cooke","age":31,"gender":"M","address":"470 Coleman Street","employer":"Comstar","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Datil","state":"TN"}
{"index":{"_id":"373"}}
{"account_number":373,"balance":9671,"firstname":"Simpson","lastname":"Carpenter","age":21,"gender":"M","address":"837 Horace Court","employer":"Snips","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Tolu","state":"MA"}
{"index":{"_id":"378"}}
{"account_number":378,"balance":27100,"firstname":"Watson","lastname":"Simpson","age":36,"gender":"F","address":"644 Thomas Street","employer":"Wrapture","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Keller","state":"TX"}
{"index":{"_id":"380"}}
{"account_number":380,"balance":35628,"firstname":"Fernandez","lastname":"Reid","age":33,"gender":"F","address":"154 Melba Court","employer":"Cosmosis","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Boyd","state":"NE"}
{"index":{"_id":"385"}}
{"account_number":385,"balance":11022,"firstname":"Rosalinda","lastname":"Valencia","age":22,"gender":"M","address":"933 Lloyd Street","employer":"Zoarere","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Waverly","state":"GA"}
{"index":{"_id":"392"}}
{"account_number":392,"balance":31613,"firstname":"Dotson","lastname":"Dean","age":35,"gender":"M","address":"136 Ford Street","employer":"Petigems","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Chical","state":"SD"}
{"index":{"_id":"397"}}
{"account_number":397,"balance":37418,"firstname":"Leonard","lastname":"Gray","age":36,"gender":"F","address":"840 Morgan Avenue","employer":"Recritube","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Edenburg","state":"AL"}
{"index":{"_id":"400"}}
{"account_number":400,"balance":20685,"firstname":"Kane","lastname":"King","age":21,"gender":"F","address":"405 Cornelia Street","employer":"Tri@Tribalog","email":"kaneking@[e-mail]","city":"Gulf","state":"VT"}
{"index":{"_id":"405"}}
{"account_number":405,"balance":5679,"firstname":"Strickland","lastname":"Fuller","age":26,"gender":"M","address":"990 Concord Street","employer":"Digique","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Southmont","state":"NV"}
{"index":{"_id":"412"}}
{"account_number":412,"balance":27436,"firstname":"Ilene","lastname":"Abbott","age":26,"gender":"M","address":"846 Vine Street","employer":"Typhonica","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Cedarville","state":"VT"}
{"index":{"_id":"417"}}
{"account_number":417,"balance":1788,"firstname":"Wheeler","lastname":"Ayers","age":35,"gender":"F","address":"677 Hope Street","employer":"Fortean","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Ironton","state":"PA"}
{"index":{"_id":"424"}}
{"account_number":424,"balance":36818,"firstname":"Tracie","lastname":"Gregory","age":34,"gender":"M","address":"112 Hunterfly Place","employer":"Comstruct","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Onton","state":"TN"}
{"index":{"_id":"429"}}
{"account_number":429,"balance":46970,"firstname":"Cantu","lastname":"Lindsey","age":31,"gender":"M","address":"404 Willoughby Avenue","employer":"Inquala","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Cowiche","state":"IA"}
{"index":{"_id":"431"}}
{"account_number":431,"balance":13136,"firstname":"Laurie","lastname":"Shaw","age":26,"gender":"F","address":"263 Aviation Road","employer":"Zillanet","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Harmon","state":"WV"}
{"index":{"_id":"436"}}
{"account_number":436,"balance":27585,"firstname":"Alexander","lastname":"Sargent","age":23,"gender":"M","address":"363 Albemarle Road","employer":"Fangold","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Calpine","state":"OR"}
{"index":{"_id":"443"}}
{"account_number":443,"balance":7588,"firstname":"Huff","lastname":"Thomas","age":23,"gender":"M","address":"538 Erskine Loop","employer":"Accufarm","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Corinne","state":"AL"}
{"index":{"_id":"448"}}
{"account_number":448,"balance":22776,"firstname":"Adriana","lastname":"Mcfadden","age":35,"gender":"F","address":"984 Woodside Avenue","employer":"Telequiet","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Darrtown","state":"WI"}
{"index":{"_id":"450"}}
{"account_number":450,"balance":2643,"firstname":"Bradford","lastname":"Nielsen","age":25,"gender":"M","address":"487 Keen Court","employer":"Exovent","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Hamilton","state":"DE"}
{"index":{"_id":"455"}}
{"account_number":455,"balance":39556,"firstname":"Lynn","lastname":"Tran","age":36,"gender":"M","address":"741 Richmond Street","employer":"Optyk","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Clinton","state":"WV"}
{"index":{"_id":"462"}}
{"account_number":462,"balance":10871,"firstname":"Calderon","lastname":"Day","age":27,"gender":"M","address":"810 Milford Street","employer":"Cofine","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Kula","state":"OK"}
{"index":{"_id":"467"}}
{"account_number":467,"balance":6312,"firstname":"Angelica","lastname":"May","age":32,"gender":"F","address":"384 Karweg Place","employer":"Keeg","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Tetherow","state":"IA"}
{"index":{"_id":"474"}}
{"account_number":474,"balance":35896,"firstname":"Obrien","lastname":"Walton","age":40,"gender":"F","address":"192 Ide Court","employer":"Suremax","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Crucible","state":"UT"}
{"index":{"_id":"479"}}
{"account_number":479,"balance":31865,"firstname":"Cameron","lastname":"Ross","age":40,"gender":"M","address":"904 Bouck Court","employer":"Telpod","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Nord","state":"MO"}
{"index":{"_id":"481"}}
{"account_number":481,"balance":20024,"firstname":"Lina","lastname":"Stanley","age":33,"gender":"M","address":"361 Hanover Place","employer":"Strozen","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Wyoming","state":"NC"}
{"index":{"_id":"486"}}
{"account_number":486,"balance":35902,"firstname":"Dixie","lastname":"Fuentes","age":22,"gender":"F","address":"991 Applegate Court","employer":"Portico","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Salix","state":"VA"}
{"index":{"_id":"493"}}
{"account_number":493,"balance":5871,"firstname":"Campbell","lastname":"Best","age":24,"gender":"M","address":"297 Friel Place","employer":"Fanfare","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Kidder","state":"GA"}
{"index":{"_id":"498"}}
{"account_number":498,"balance":10516,"firstname":"Stella","lastname":"Hinton","age":39,"gender":"F","address":"649 Columbia Place","employer":"Flyboyz","email":"[e-mail]","city":"Crenshaw","state":"SC"}

9. reindex 重索引

Reindex API /_reindex 讓我們可以將一個索引中的數據重索引到另一個索引中（拷貝），要求源索引的_source 是開啟的。目標索引的setting 、mapping 信息與源索引無關。

什么時候需要重索引？

即當需要做數據的拷貝的時候

POST _reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": "twitter"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "new_twitter"
  }
}

重索引要考慮的一個問題：目標索引中存在源索引中的數據，這些數據的version如何處理。

1、如果沒有指定version_type 或指定為 internal，則會是采用目標索引中的版本，重索引過程中，執行的就是新增、更新操作。

POST _reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": "twitter"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "new_twitter",
    "version_type": "internal"
  }
}

2、如果想使用源索引中的版本來進行版本控制更新，則設置 version_type 為extenal。重索引操作將寫入不存在的，更新舊版本的數據。

POST _reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": "twitter"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "new_twitter",
    "version_type": "external"
  }
}

如果你只想從源索引中復制目標索引中不存在的文檔數據，可以指定 op_type 為 create 。此時存在的文檔將觸發 版本沖突（會導致放棄操作），可設置“conflicts”: “proceed“，跳過繼續

POST _reindex
{
  "conflicts": "proceed",
  "source": {
    "index": "twitter"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "new_twitter",
    "op_type": "create"
  }
}

你也可以只索引源索引的一部分數據，通過 type 或 查詢來指定你需要的數據

POST _reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": "twitter",
    "type": "_doc",
    "query": {
      "term": {
        "user": "kimchy"
      }
    }
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "new_twitter"
  }
}

可以從多個源獲取數據

POST _reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": ["twitter", "blog"],
    "type": ["_doc", "post"]
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "all_together"
  }
}

可以限定文檔數量

POST _reindex
{
  "size": 10000,
  "source": {
    "index": "twitter",
    "sort": { "date": "desc" }
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "new_twitter"
  }
}

可以選擇復制源文檔的哪些字段

POST _reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": "twitter",
    "_source": ["user", "_doc"]
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "new_twitter"
  }
}

可以用script來改變文檔

POST _reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": "twitter"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "new_twitter",
    "version_type": "external"
  },
  "script": { "source": "if (ctx._source.foo == 'bar') {ctx._version++; ctx._source.remove('foo')}", "lang": "painless" }
}

可以指定路由值把文檔放到哪個分片上

POST _reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": "source",
    "query": {
      "match": {
        "company": "cat"
      }
    }
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "dest",
    "routing": "=cat"
  }
}

從遠程源復制

POST _reindex
{
  "source": {
    "remote": { "host": "http://otherhost:9200", "username": "user", "password": "pass" }, "index": "source", "query": { "match": { "test": "data" } }
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "dest"
  }
}

通過_task 來查詢執行狀態

GET _tasks?detailed=true&actions=*reindex

10. refresh

對於索引、更新、刪除操作如果想操作完后立馬重刷新可見，可帶上refresh參數

PUT /test/_doc/1?refresh
{"test": "test"}
PUT /test/_doc/2?refresh=true
{"test": "test"}

refresh 可選值說明

未給值或=true，則立馬會重刷新讀索引。
=false ，相當於沒帶refresh 參數，遵循內部的定時刷新。
=wait_for ，登記等待刷新，當登記的請求數達到index.max_refresh_listeners 參數設定的值時(defaults to 1000)，將觸發重刷新。

三、路由詳解

1. 集群組成

第一個節點啟動

 

說明：首先啟動的一定是主節點，主節點存儲的是集群的元數據信息

Node2啟動

 

說明：

Node2節點啟動之前會配置集群的名稱Cluster-name：ess，然后配置可以作為主節點的ip地址信息discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: [“10.0.1.11",“10.0.1.12"]，配置自己的ip地址networ.host: 10.0.1.12；

Node2啟動的過程中會去找到主節點Node1告訴Node1我要加入到集群里面了，主節點Node1接收到請求以后看Node2是否滿足加入集群的條件，如果滿足就把node2的ip地址加入的元信息里面，然后廣播給集群中的其他節點有

新節點加入，並把最新的元信息發送給其他的節點去更新

Node3..NodeN加入

 

說明：集群中的所有節點的元信息都是和主節點一致的，因為一旦有新的節點加入進來，主節點會通知其他的節點同步元信息

2. 在集群中創建索引的流程

 

3. 有索引的集群

 

4. 集群有節點出現故障，如主節點掛了，會重新選擇主節點

 

5. 在集群中索引文檔

 

索引文檔的步驟：
1、node2計算文檔的路由值得到文檔存放的分片（假定路由選定的是分片0）。
2、將文檔轉發給分片0(P0)的主分片節點 node1。
3、node1索引文檔，同步給副本（R0）節點node3索引文檔。
4、node1向node2反饋結果
5、node2作出響應

6. 文檔是如何路由的

文檔該存到哪個分片上？
決定文檔存放到哪個分片上就是文檔路由。ES中通過下面的計算得到每個文檔的存放分片：

shard = hash(routing) % number_of_primary_shards

 參數說明：

routing 是用來進行hash計算的路由值，默認是使用文檔id值。我們可以在索引文檔時通過routing參數指定別的路由值

number_of_primary_shards：創建索引時指定的主分片數

POST twitter/_doc?routing=kimchy
{
    "user" : "kimchy",
    "post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
    "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
}

 在索引、刪除、更新、查詢中都可以使用routing參數（可多值）指定操作的分片。

創建索引時強制要求給定路由值：

PUT my_index2
{
  "mappings": {
    "_doc": {
      "_routing": {
        "required": true 
      }
    }
  }
}

 7. 在集群中進行搜索

 

搜索的步驟：如要搜索 索引 s0
1、node2解析查詢。
2、node2將查詢發給索引s0的分片/副本（R1,R2,R0）節點
3、各節點執行查詢，將結果發給Node2
4、Node2合並結果，作出響應。

8. Master節點的工作是什么？

1. 存儲集群的元信息，如集群名稱、集群中的節點

2. 轉發創建索引和索引文檔的請求

3. 和其他的節點進行通信，告訴其他節點有新的節點加入等