一說到寫日志,大家可能推薦一堆的開源日志框架,如:Log4Net、NLog,這些日志框架確實也不錯,比較強大也比較靈活,但也正因為又強大又靈活,導致我們使用他們時需要引用一些DLL,同時還要學習各種用法及配置文件,這對於有些小工具、小程序、小網站來說,有點“殺雞焉俺用牛刀”的感覺,而且如果對這些日志框架不了解,可能輸出來的日志性能或效果未畢是與自己所想的,鑒於這幾個原因,我自己重復造輪子,編寫了一個輕量級的異步寫日志的實用工具類(LogAsyncWriter),這個類還是比較簡單的,實現思路也很簡單,就是把消息日志先入內存隊列,然后由異步監聽線程從隊列中取出日志並批量輸出到本地文件中,同時參照各大日志框架,對單個文件過大采取分割生成多個日志文件。
經測試發現性能非常不錯,先看示例使用代碼:(采取並發多線程同時寫入1000000萬條日志)
Task.Factory.StartNew(() => { DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now; int logCount = 1000000; Parallel.For(1, logCount, (i) => { if (i % 2 == 0) { LogAsyncWriter.Default.Error("測試並發寫錯誤日志-" + i.ToString(), "TestClass.TestLog", i.ToString()); } else { LogAsyncWriter.Default.Info("測試並發寫普通日志-" + i.ToString(), "TestClass.TestLog", i.ToString()); } }); this.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(() => { MessageBox.Show(DateTime.Now.ToString() + "," + logCount + "條日志寫完了!,耗時:" + (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalMilliseconds + "ms"); })); }); MessageBox.Show(DateTime.Now.ToString() + ",同步方法已結束"); }
執行效果如下圖示:
因為采用異步,故方法先走到結尾,輸出了同步的MsgBox,隨后彈出的是100W日志輸出到文件后的耗時MsgBox,從截圖可以看出,不足1S(當然這里的1S不是真實的輸出到本地方件,而是把所有的日志推到了Queue中而矣,但不影響不阻塞業務處理),而本地日志文件的大小達到了263MB(設置最大值的MaxSizeBackup,使其不滾動備份),由此看性能是不錯的;
因為是異步延遲輸出到本地日志文件,故大家在代碼中任意地方,比如:循環中都可以使用它,不用擔心會影響你的正常的業務邏輯的執行效率;
如果采取滾動備份(設置MaxSizeBackup為一個合理值,默認為10MB),則生成的日志文件形式如下:(超過最大容量則生成同名文件+2位序號),超過一個月則會自動清除
打開日志文件會看到所有的日志內容:
有些人可能要問,輸出格式是固定的嗎?能否自定義布局,告訴你是可以的,我考慮到每個人對日志輸出的格式都有嚴格的要求,故可以通過設置:LineLayoutRenderFormat屬性來設置每條日志輸出的格式內容
好了,介紹了使用功能及效果、性能,下面貼出源代碼:
using System; using System.Collections.Concurrent; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; namespace Zuowj.Common { /// <summary> /// 日志異步生成器 /// Author:Zuowenjun(http://www.zuowenjun.cn) /// Date:2018-6-14 /// </summary> public class LogAsyncWriter { public const string InfoLevel = "INFO"; public const string WarnLevel = "WARN"; public const string ErrorLevel = "ERROR"; private readonly ConcurrentQueue<string[]> logMsgQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<string[]>(); private readonly CancellationTokenSource cts = null; private string lineLayoutRenderFormat = "[{0:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}]\t{1}\t{2}\t{3}:{4},Trace:{5};Other1:{6},Other2:{7},Other3:{8}"; private long maxSizeBackup = 10485760L;//默認10MB private string todayLogName = null; private static readonly LogAsyncWriter instance = new LogAsyncWriter(); private LogAsyncWriter() { cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); ListenSaveLogAsync(cts.Token); } private void ListenSaveLogAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken) { Task.Factory.StartNew(() => { DateTime lastSaveLogTime = DateTime.Now; while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)//如果沒有取消線程,則一直監聽執行寫LOG { if (logMsgQueue.Count >= 10 || (logMsgQueue.Count > 0 && (DateTime.Now - lastSaveLogTime).TotalSeconds > 30))//如是待寫日志消息累計>=10條或上一次距離現在寫日志時間超過30s則需要批量提交日志 { List<string[]> logMsgList = new List<string[]>(); string[] logMsgItems = null; while (logMsgList.Count < 10 && logMsgQueue.TryDequeue(out logMsgItems)) { logMsgList.Add(logMsgItems); } WriteLog(logMsgList); lastSaveLogTime = DateTime.Now; } else { SpinWait.SpinUntil(() => logMsgQueue.Count >= 10, 5000);//自旋等待直到日志隊列有>=10的記錄或超時5S后再進入下一輪的判斷 } } }, cancellationToken); } private string GetLogFilePath() { string logFileDir = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Logs"); if (!Directory.Exists(logFileDir)) { Directory.CreateDirectory(logFileDir); } string logDateStr = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMdd"); string logName = logDateStr; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(todayLogName) && todayLogName.StartsWith(logName)) { logName = todayLogName; } else { todayLogName = logName; } string logFilePath = Path.Combine(logFileDir, logName + ".log"); if (File.Exists(logFilePath)) { File.SetAttributes(logFilePath, FileAttributes.Normal); if (File.GetLastWriteTime(logFilePath).Month != DateTime.Today.Month) //30天滾動(刪除舊的文件),防止日志文件過多 { File.Delete(logFilePath); string[] oldLogFiles = Directory.GetFiles(logFileDir, string.Format("{0}-##.log", logDateStr), SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly); foreach (string fileName in oldLogFiles) { File.SetAttributes(fileName, FileAttributes.Normal); File.Delete(fileName); } } else if (new FileInfo(logFilePath).Length > MaxSizeBackup) { Regex rgx = new Regex(@"^\d{8}-(?<fnum>\d{2})$"); int fnum = 2; if (rgx.IsMatch(logName)) { fnum = int.Parse(rgx.Match(logName).Groups["fnum"].Value) + 1; } logName = string.Format("{0}-{1:D2}", logDateStr, fnum); todayLogName = logName; logFilePath = Path.Combine(logFileDir, logName + ".log"); } } return logFilePath; } private void WriteLog(IEnumerable<string[]> logMsgs) { try { List<string> logMsgLines = new List<string>(); foreach (var logMsgItems in logMsgs) { var logMsgLineFields = (new object[] { DateTime.Now }).Concat(logMsgItems).ToArray(); string logMsgLineText = string.Format(LineLayoutRenderFormat, logMsgLineFields); logMsgLines.Add(logMsgLineText); } string logFilePath = GetLogFilePath(); File.AppendAllLines(logFilePath, logMsgLines); } catch { } } public static LogAsyncWriter Default { get { return instance; } } public string LineLayoutRenderFormat { get { return lineLayoutRenderFormat; } set { if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)) { throw new ArgumentException("無效的LineLayoutRenderFormat屬性值"); } lineLayoutRenderFormat = value; } } public long MaxSizeBackup { get { return maxSizeBackup; } set { if (value <= 0) { throw new ArgumentException("無效的MaxSizeBackup屬性值"); } maxSizeBackup = value; } } public void SaveLog(string logLevel, string msg, string source, string detailTrace = null, string other1 = null, string other2 = null, string other3 = null) { logMsgQueue.Enqueue(new[] { logLevel, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId.ToString(), source, msg, detailTrace ?? string.Empty, other1 ?? string.Empty, other2 ?? string.Empty, other3 ?? string.Empty }); } public void Info(string msg, string source, string detailTrace = null, string other1 = null, string other2 = null, string other3 = null) { SaveLog(InfoLevel, msg, source, detailTrace, other1, other2, other3); } public void Warn(string msg, string source, string detailTrace = null, string other1 = null, string other2 = null, string other3 = null) { SaveLog(WarnLevel, msg, source, detailTrace, other1, other2, other3); } public void Error(string msg, string source, string detailTrace = null, string other1 = null, string other2 = null, string other3 = null) { SaveLog(ErrorLevel, msg, source, detailTrace, other1, other2, other3); } public void Error(Exception ex, string source, string other1 = null, string other2 = null, string other3 = null) { SaveLog(ErrorLevel, ex.Message, source, ex.StackTrace, other1, other2, other3); } ~LogAsyncWriter() { cts.Cancel(); } } }
代碼重點說明:
1.各種日志方法入參解釋:
i. Msg:日志消息(一般是指簡要消息)
ii. Source:日志產生源(一般是指該日志是由哪個位置產生的,可以定義為:類.方法名)
iii. detailTrace:日志詳情(一般是指堆棧信息或日志更具體的信息)
iv. other1, other2, other3:備用日志字段,可根據實際情況記錄相關信息,比如:入參、返參,執行耗時等;
v. log Level:日志消息級別一般有很多級別,但常用的只有3類,即:Info=普通日志消息,Warn=警告日志消息,Error=錯誤日志消息;
2.核心異步批量寫日志的方法:(采用后台線程監聽日志消息隊列,當達到10條日志消息或寫日志的時間間隔超過1分鍾,則會批量提交1次日志,解決了普通的同步寫日志方法造成寫壓力過大,且存在阻塞業務邏輯的情況)
3.采用單例模式,當第一次使用該類時,則會啟動異步監聽線程,當該類釋放時(一般指應用進程關閉時,會發送通知線程取消監聽,避免一切可能的線程駐留問題)
好了就介紹到這里,大家若想試用或想改造,可以直接復制上述代碼,不足之處可以指出,謝謝!