Expect是一個我們常在shell交互時常用到的工具，它主要由expect-send組成。Expect是等待輸出內容中的特定字符。然后由send發送特定的相應。Expect的工作流程類似於：小明和小紅說：hello,小紅發現小明說的是hello，然后就回復小明hi。然后小明說：你好，我是小明。小紅發現小明說的是”你好，我是XX“，就回復”你好，我是小紅“。
本文主要內容： 1.安裝expect 2 expect的一些基本命令選項 3 expect腳本
1. 安裝expect
1.1 yum 安裝
yum安裝就比較簡單了，直接運行yum install expect就可以了.
yum install expect
1.2 源碼安裝
源碼安裝前我們需要安裝unzip和gcc
yum install unzip gcc -y
源碼安裝我們需要下載兩個源碼包。tcl源碼包和expect源碼包。
下載tcl源碼包
cd /tmp &&wget http://core.tcl.tk/tcl/zip/release/tcl.zip
下載expect源碼包
wget https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/expect/Expect/5.45.3/expect5.45.3.tar.gz
我們需要先編譯安裝tcl，因為expect包依賴於tcl。
解壓壓縮包並編譯安裝tcl
unzip tcl.zip && cd ./tcl/unix ./configure && make && make install
解壓壓縮包並編譯安裝expect.
cd /tmp && tar -xzvf expect5.45.3.tar.gz && cd expect5.45.3/ ./configure && make && make install
檢查是否安裝好(顯示安裝好的版本號就是已經安裝好了)並創建軟鏈接。
expect -v [root@localhost shell]# expect -v expect version 5.45.3
[root@localhost shell]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/expect /usr/bin/expect
2.expect常用的參數選項
2.1 使用 -c 選項：在命令行運行expect 腳本。
示例：
[root@localhost shell]# expect -c 'expect "hi expect" {send "hi shell\n"}' hi expect hi shell [root@localhost shell]#
解釋下：這個的意思就是當我們輸入了"hi expect"后，系統輸出"hi shell"表示回應,在"hi shell"后加"\n"是為了讓顯示更為直觀。
注意一點就是我們在輸入完"hi expect"后要按換行鍵才會出來"hi shell".
2.2 使用 -d 選項：顯示調試信息。
示例腳本：
[root@localhost shell]# cat ssh.exp #!/usr/bin/expect -d set timeout 30 spawn ssh-copy-id 192.168.123.218 expect { "*yes/no" {send "yes\r"; exp_continue} "password:" {send "123456\r"} } expect eof
當我運行它的時候，顯示的信息（主要信息是加粗字體）：
expect version 5.45 argv[0] = /usr/bin/expect argv[1] = -d argv[2] = ./ssh.exp set argc 0 set argv0 "./ssh.exp" set argv "" executing commands from command file ./ssh.exp spawn ssh-copy-id 192.168.123.218 parent: waiting for sync byte parent: telling child to go ahead parent: now unsynchronized from child spawn: returns {130244} expect: does "" (spawn_id exp6) match glob pattern "*yes/no"? no "password:"? no /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" expect: does "/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"\r\n" (spawn_id exp6) match glob pattern "*yes/no"? no "password:"? no The authenticity of host '192.168.123.218 (192.168.123.218)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Qh+4R5mpwlU6kK3bf0k53ngm+WpKKnfvL1ZJo+YM3ic. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d2:76:6d:33:17:e1:51:83:13:aa:10:ce:f7:1f:9f:32. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? expect: does "/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"\r\nThe authenticity of host '192.168.123.218 (192.168.123.218)' can't be established.\r\nECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Qh+4R5mpwlU6kK3bf0k53ngm+WpKKnfvL1ZJo+YM3ic.\r\nECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d2:76:6d:33:17:e1:51:83:13:aa:10:ce:f7:1f:9f:32.\r\nAre you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? " (spawn_id exp6) match glob pattern "*yes/no"? yes expect: set expect_out(0,string) "/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"\r\nThe authenticity of host '192.168.123.218 (192.168.123.218)' can't be established.\r\nECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Qh+4R5mpwlU6kK3bf0k53ngm+WpKKnfvL1ZJo+YM3ic.\r\nECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d2:76:6d:33:17:e1:51:83:13:aa:10:ce:f7:1f:9f:32.\r\nAre you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no" expect: set expect_out(spawn_id) "exp6" expect: set expect_out(buffer) "/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"\r\nThe authenticity of host '192.168.123.218 (192.168.123.218)' can't be established.\r\nECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Qh+4R5mpwlU6kK3bf0k53ngm+WpKKnfvL1ZJo+YM3ic.\r\nECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:d2:76:6d:33:17:e1:51:83:13:aa:10:ce:f7:1f:9f:32.\r\nAre you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no" send: sending "yes\r" to { exp6 } expect: continuing expect expect: does ")? " (spawn_id exp6) match glob pattern "*yes/no"? no "password:"? no yes expect: does ")? yes\r\n" (spawn_id exp6) match glob pattern "*yes/no"? no "password:"? no /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed expect: does ")? yes\r\n/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed\r\n" (spawn_id exp6) match glob pattern "*yes/no"? no "password:"? no /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys expect: does ")? yes\r\n/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed\r\n/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys\r\n" (spawn_id exp6) match glob pattern "*yes/no"? no "password:"? no root@192.168.123.218's password: expect: does ")? yes\r\n/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed\r\n/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys\r\nroot@192.168.123.218's password: " (spawn_id exp6) match glob pattern "*yes/no"? no "password:"? yes expect: set expect_out(0,string) "password:" expect: set expect_out(spawn_id) "exp6" expect: set expect_out(buffer) ")? yes\r\n/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed\r\n/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys\r\nroot@192.168.123.218's password:" send: sending "123456\r" to { exp6 } Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.123.218'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. expect: read eof expect: set expect_out(spawn_id) "exp6" expect: set expect_out(buffer) " \r\n\r\nNumber of key(s) added: 1\r\n\r\nNow try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.123.218'"\r\nand check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.\r\n\r\n"
還有一些其他參數，但是我覺得對於我用處不大，所以沒有在此記錄。
3.expect腳本示例
簡單在這記錄下下面會用到的一些命令
set timeout #設置超時時間,默認超時時間10s.
spawn shell command # spawn后面接的是我們要執行的shell命令
expect "hi" #匹配輸出內容“hi”
{send “hello\r”} # 匹配到內容''hi"后輸出“hello”，“\r”是代表是返回字符。
interact #執行完成后保持交互狀態，把控制權交給控制台，這個時候就可以手工操作了。如果沒有這一句登錄完成后會退出，而不是留在遠程終端上。如果你只是登錄過去執行一段命令就退出，可改為［expect eof］
3.1 簡單更改密碼腳本
[root@localhost shell]# cat password.exp #!/usr/bin/expect -d #"#!/usr/bin/expect"這一行告訴操作系統腳本里的代碼使用那一個shell來執行。 -d 啟用調試模式(可加可不加)。
set timeout 30 #設置超時時間為30s spawn passwd user5 #spawn是進入expect環境后才可以執行的expect內部命令，如果沒有裝expect或者直接在默認的SHELL下執行是找不到spawn命令的。所以不要用 “which spawn“之類的命令去找spawn命令。好比windows里的dir就是一個內部命令，這個命令由shell自帶，你無法找到一個dir.com 或 dir.exe 的可執行文件。它主要的功能是給ssh運行進程加個殼，用來傳遞交互指令。 expect "New password:" {send "123456\r" } #這個命令的意思是判斷上次輸出結果里是否包含“New password:”的字符串，如果有則立即返回"123456","\r"代表是返回字符，否則就等待一段時間后返回，這里等待時長就是前面設置的30秒 。 expect "new password:" {send "123456\r"} #在平常我們設置密碼的時候會讓我輸入一次后再輸入一次進行確認，這個是匹配第二次輸出，然后再次輸入密碼。 expect eof #表示讀取到文件結束符
3.2登陸遠程服務器並停留在遠程服務器上
[root@localhost shell]# cat login.exp #!/usr/bin/expect spawn ssh 192.168.123.218 #ssh 遠程登陸 expect { "*yes/no" {send "yes\r";exp_continue} #匹配輸出內容，返回內容，exp_continue表示繼續執行下一步 "*password" {send "123456\r"} } interact #執行完成后保持交互狀態，把控制權交給控制台，這個時候就可以手工操作了。如果沒有這一句登錄完成后會退出，而不是留在遠程終端上。如果你只是登錄過去執行一段命令就退出，可改為［expect eof］
3.3傳輸參數執行登陸
[root@localhost shell]# cat login2.exp #!/usr/bin/expect set ip [lindex $argv 0] #這條命令是將變量ip的值設置為傳入進來的第一個參數。[lindex $argv 0]表示的就是第一個參數的值 set port [lindex $argv 1] #這條命令是將變量port的值設置為傳入進來的第二個參數。[lindex $argv 1]表示的就是第二個參數的值 set passwd "123456" spawn ssh $ip -p$port #使用變量，這里使用的方法跟shell腳本一樣 expect { "yes/no" {send "yes\r";exp_continue} "password:" {send "$passwd\r"} } interact [root@localhost shell]# ./login2.exp 192.168.123.218 22 #多個參數直接以空格間隔，第一個參數：192.168.123.218 第二個參數22
3.4在shell腳本中使用expect
3.4.1通過添加expect腳本文件(建議這種)
實現的功能：輸入ip（也就是我們傳入的參數），並登陸到這個ip，並保持交互狀態（interact）。
login.sh腳本內容（shell）
[root@localhost shell]# cat login.sh #!/bin/bash read -p "please input you ip:" -t30 remote_ip #獲取登陸ip內容 echo "$remote_ip" ./login.exp $remote_ip #運行expect腳本 傳入參數
login.exp腳本內容（expect）
[root@localhost shell]# cat login.exp #!/usr/bin/expect set ip [lindex $argv 0] #將參數值傳遞給變量ip spawn ssh $ip #登陸ip expect { "*yes/no" {send "yes\r";exp_continue} #匹配登陸信息，返回'yes' "*password" {send "123456\r"} #匹配輸出信息，返回密碼 } interact #登陸成功后並保持交互狀態，把控制權交給控制台
3.4.2在shell腳本直接寫入expect命令
#!/bin/bash read -p "please input you ip:" -t30 remote_ip #獲取登陸ip內容 echo "$remote_ip" expect -d <<EOF spawn ssh $remote_ip expect { "*yes/no" {send "yes\r";exp_continue} "*password:" {send "Xuansiwei123!\r"} } exit expect eof; EOF
3.4.3 expect匹配不同情況（有密鑰文件則退出，沒有則添加）
sshkey.exp #!/usr/bin/expect -d spawn ssh-keygen expect { ".ssh/id_rsa" {send "\r";exp_continue} "Overwrite (y/n)?" exit #判斷是否已經有密鑰文件，有則退出，沒有就進行添加。 "Enter passphrase" {send "\r";exp_continue} "Enter same passphrase again:" {send "\r"} } expect eof
3.5批量分發公鑰到遠程主機
批量分發我主要有三個文件，第一個是ip.txt(用來儲存ip和密碼的，ip和密碼直接以":"間隔，示例：192.168.123.12:123456),第二個文件是add.sh(包含讀取ip.txt和批量添加的腳本)，第三個文件是 ssh_copy.exp（用來處理交互的腳本）
ip.txt文件內容
#ip password 192.168.123.110:123456
192.168.123.111:123@456!
這里注意下我第二行的ip的密碼的最后一位是“!”,它在我shell腳本中的取出密碼步驟也給我造成了一點麻煩，直接echo "$i"是報錯的，我后面換成了echo "${i}",這樣就不會報錯了。
add.sh（shell腳本）
#!/bin/bash IP_file='/root/shell/ip.txt'
if [ -e "$IP_file" ] #檢查ip.txt文件是否存在， then
echo -e "\033[1;32;40m IP file is exist \033[0m"
else
echo -e "\033[1;31;40m IP file is not exist \033[0m" exit 2
fi
for i in $(cat ${IP_file}) do IP=$(echo "${i}" |awk -F":" '{print $1}') #將ip.txt每行的ip值獲取 PW=$(echo "${i}" |awk -F":" '{print $2}')#將ip.txt每行的ip值獲取
./ssh_copy.exp $IP $PW
if [ $? -eq 0 ] #判斷expect腳本是否執行成功
then
echo "$IP add is ok "
else
echo "$IP add faile"
fi
done
在上面的shell腳本我們還可以再加一個驗證是否添加成功了，通過驗證是否可以直接ssh登錄來判斷是否添加成功。
ssh_copy.exp（expect腳本）
#!/usr/bin/expect #調試的時候可以加個-d參數，便於查看我們的哪里步驟出現了錯誤。 set IP [lindex $argv 0 ] set PW [lindex $argv 1 ] spawn ssh-copy-id $IP expect { "yes/no" {send "yes\r";exp_continue} "password:" {send "$PW\r"} } expect eof
這篇文章參考以下大佬的文章。
https://www.cnblogs.com/lixigang/articles/4849527.html
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002564816