Python模塊——PrettyTable 模塊

本文轉載自查看原文 2018-05-31 12:06 907 模塊化

簡介

PrettyTable 是python中的一個第三方庫，可用來生成美觀的ASCII格式的表格，十分實用。

安裝

pip install prettytable

示例

從已有文件創建

CSV

from prettytable import from_csv 
fp = open("mytable.csv", "r") 
pt = from_csv(fp) 
fp.close()

HTML

from prettytable import from_html 
pts = from_html(html_string)

SQL

from prettytable import from_db_cursor 
db_cur.execute("SELECT * FROM mytable") 
pt = from_db_cursor(db_cur)

按行添加數據

##按行添加數據
tb = pt.PrettyTable()
tb.field_names = ["City name", "Area", "Population"]  # 字段名
tb.add_row(["A1",125, 1158259])  # 增加行
tb.add_row(["B1",595, 1857594])
tb.add_row(["C1", 12, 120900])
tb.add_row(["D1", 135, 205556])

print(tb)

結果

+-----------+------+------------+
| City name | Area | Population |
+-----------+------+------------+
|     A1    | 125  |  1158259   |
|     B1    | 595  |  1857594   |
|     C1    |  12  |   120900   |
|     D1    | 135  |   205556   |
+-----------+------+------------+

按列添加數據

## 按列添加數據
tb.add_column('index',[1,2,3,4])
print(tb)

輸出結果

+-----------+------+------------+-------+
| City name | Area | Population | index |
+-----------+------+------------+-------+
|     A1    | 125  |  1158259   |   1   |
|     B1    | 595  |  1857594   |   2   |
|     C1    |  12  |   120900   |   3   |
|     D1    | 135  |   205556   |   4   |
+-----------+------+------------+-------+

使用不同的輸出風格

## 使用不同的輸出風格
tb.set_style(pt.MSWORD_FRIENDLY)
print('--- style：MSWORD_FRIENDLY -----')
print(tb)

tb.set_style(pt.PLAIN_COLUMNS)
print('--- style：PLAIN_COLUMNS -----')
print(tb)

## 隨機風格，每次不同
tb.set_style(pt.RANDOM)
print('--- style：RANDOM-----')
print(tb)

tb.set_style(pt.DEFAULT)
print('--- style：DEFAULT -----')
print(tb)

輸出結果

--- style：MSWORD_FRIENDLY -----
| City name | Area | Population |
|     A1    | 125  |  1158259   |
|     B1    | 595  |  1857594   |
|     C1    |  12  |   120900   |
|     D1    | 135  |   205556   |
--- style：PLAIN_COLUMNS -----
City name        Area        Population        
    A1           125          1158259          
    B1           595          1857594          
    C1            12           120900          
    D1           135           205556          
--- style：RANDOM-----
      City name          Area          Population     
          A1             125            1158259       
          B1             595            1857594       
          C1              12             120900       
          D1             135             205556       
--- style：DEFAULT -----
+-----------+------+------------+
| City name | Area | Population |
+-----------+------+------------+
|     A1    | 125  |  1158259   |
|     B1    | 595  |  1857594   |
|     C1    |  12  |   120900   |
|     D1    | 135  |   205556   |
+-----------+------+------------+

# 不打印，獲取表格字符串
s = tb.get_string()
print(s)

# 寫入到文件
with open('1.txt', 'a+') as f:
    f.write(tb.get_string())

# 可以只獲取指定列或行
s = tb.get_string(fields=["City name", "Population"],start=1,end=4)
print(s)

　輸出結果

+-----------+------+------------+
| City name | Area | Population |
+-----------+------+------------+
|     A1    | 125  |  1158259   |
|     B1    | 595  |  1857594   |
|     C1    |  12  |   120900   |
|     D1    | 135  |   205556   |
+-----------+------+------------+
+-----------+------------+
| City name | Population |
+-----------+------------+
|     B1    |  1857594   |
|     C1    |   120900   |
|     D1    |   205556   |
+-----------+------------+

自定義表格輸出樣式

## 自定義表格輸出樣式
### 設定左對齊
tb.align = 'l'
### 設定數字輸出格式
tb.float_format = "2.2"
### 設定邊框連接符為'*"
tb.junction_char = "*"
### 設定排序列
tb.sortby = "Population"
### 設定排序方式
tb.reversesort=True
### 設定左側不填充空白字符
tb.left_padding_width = 0
print(tb)

輸出結果

*----------*-----*-----------*
|City name |Area |Population |
*----------*-----*-----------*
|B1        |595  |1857594    |
|C1        |12   |120900     |
|A1        |125  |115825.90  |
|D1        |135  |20555.60   |
*----------*-----*-----------*

## 不顯示邊框
tb.border = 0
print(tb)

## 修改邊框分隔符
tb.set_style(pt.DEFAULT)
tb.horizontal_char = '+'
print(tb)

輸出結果

City name Area Population 
B1        595  1857594    
C1        12   120900     
A1        125  115825.90  
D1        135  20555.60   
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
| City name | Area | Population |
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
| B1        | 595  | 1857594    |
| C1        | 12   | 120900     |
| A1        | 125  | 115825.90  |
| D1        | 135  | 20555.60   |
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

#prettytable也支持輸出HTML代碼
s = tb.get_html_string() print(s)

輸出結果

<table>
    <tr>
        <th>City name</th>
        <th>Area</th>
        <th>Population</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>B1</td>
        <td>595</td>
        <td>1857594</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>C1</td>
        <td>12</td>
        <td>120900</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>A1</td>
        <td>125</td>
        <td>115825.90</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>D1</td>
        <td>135</td>
        <td>20555.60</td>
    </tr>
</table>

手動控制樣式

可調整選項

摘自prettytable文檔

border - 布爾類型參數（必須是True或False）。控制表格邊框是否顯示。
header - 布爾類型參數（必須是True或False）。控制表格第一行是否作為表頭顯示。
header-style - 控制表頭信息的大小寫。允許的參數值：“cap”（每個單詞首字母大寫），“title”（除了介詞助詞首字母大寫），“lower”（全部小寫）或者None（不改變原內容格式）。默認參數為None。
hrules - 設置表格內部水平邊線。允許的參數值：FRAME，ALL，NONE。注意這些是在prettytable模塊內部定義的變量，在使用之前導入或用類似prettytable.FRAME的方法調用。
vrules - 設置表格內部豎直邊線。允許的參數值：FRAME，ALL，NONE。
align - 水平對齊方式（None，“l”（左對齊），“c”（居中），“r”右對齊）
valign - 垂直對齊方式（None，“t”（頂部對齊），“m”（居中），“b”底部對齊）
int_format - 控制整型數據的格式。
float_format - 控制浮點型數據的格式。
padding_width - 列數據左右的空格數量。（當左右padding未設置時生效）
left_padding_width - 列數據左側的空格數量。
right_padding_width - 列數據右側的空格數量。
vertical_char - 繪制豎直邊線的字符，默認為“|”
horizontal_char - 繪制水平邊線的字符，默認為“-”
junction_char - 繪制水平豎直交匯點的字符，默認為“+”

用法

# 1
x = PrettyTable()
x.border = False
x.header = False
x.padding_width = 5

# 2
x = PrettyTable(border=False, header=False, padding_width=5)

# 1
print(x.get_string(align="l"))

# 2
x.align["City name"] = "l"
x.align["Population"] = "c"
x.align["Area"] = "r"

# 3
x.align="l"

案例：從數據庫提取數據

Oracle_utils.py

# 用於以清晰、可讀的形式輸出 Python 數據結構
from sys import modules
import sys
import os
import cx_Oracle
from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)  # 加入環境變量

from utils import settings
from utils import my_logset
from utils.Time_utils import run_time

"""
通過PooledDB連接Oracle，並完成常用一些操作
"""


class Ora_util(object):

    __pool = None  # 連接池對象
    _db_info = {
        'user': settings.DB_USER,
        'pwd': settings.DB_PASSWORD,
        'dsn': settings.DB_SID
    }

    def __init__(self, db_info=_db_info, arraysize=500):
        # 日志
        self.db_log = my_logset.get_mylogger("oradb_access")
        self.db_info = db_info
        self.conn = Ora_util.__getConn(db_info)
        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
        # 每次從數據庫向Python的緩存返回arraysize=100條記錄
        self.cursor.arraysize = arraysize

    @staticmethod
    def __getConn(db_info):
        # 靜態方法，從連接池中取出連接
        if Ora_util.__pool is None:
            __pool = PooledDB(cx_Oracle,
                              user=db_info['user'],
                              password=db_info['pwd'],
                              dsn=db_info['dsn'],
                              mincached=20,
                              maxcached=50)
        return __pool.connection()
     # 執行sql
    @run_time
    def execute(self, sql, args={}):
        try:
            self.db_log.debug('execute sql: {}'.format(sql))
            return self.cursor.execute(sql, args)
        except Exception as e:
            self.close()
            raise e
      # oracle的參數名必須使用:代替，如 userid = :userid
    def insertOne(self, table, column_dict):
        column_dict = self.create_params(table, column_dict)
        keys = ','.join(column_dict.keys())
        values = column_dict.values()
        placeholder = ','.join([':%s' % (v) for v in column_dict.keys()])
        ins_sql = 'INSERT INTO %(table)s (%(keys)s) VALUES (%(placeholder)s)'
        # print(ins_sql % locals())
        self.execute(ins_sql % locals(), column_dict)

    # 獲取序列的下一個值，傳入sequence的名稱
    def nextval(self, seq):
        self.cursor.execute("SELECT %(seq)s.nextval from dual " % locals())
        result = self.cursor.fetchall()
        return result[0][0]

    # 批量插入數據庫，參數一：表名，參數二：['字段1','字段2',...],參數二：[('值1','值2',...),('值1','值2',...)]
    def insertMany(self, table, columns=[], values=[]):
        keys = ','.join(columns)
        placeholder = ','.join([':%s' % (v) for v in columns])
        ins_sql = 'INSERT INTO %(table)s (%(keys)s) VALUES(%(placeholder)s)'
        self.executemany(ins_sql % locals(), values)
        return self._get_rows_num()

test.py

import os
import sys
from sys import modules
from prettytable import PrettyTable

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)  # 加入環境變量

from utils.Oracle_utils import Ora_util


if __name__ == '__main__':

    ora = Ora_util()
    ora.execute("DROP TABLE python_modules PURGE")
    create_table = """
        CREATE TABLE python_modules (
        module_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
        file_path VARCHAR2(300) NOT NULL,
        t_id INT NOT NULL
        )
        """
    # 執行創建表
    create_flag = ora.execute(create_table)

    # 得到表所有列
    print(ora.get_columns('python_modules'))

    # 添加模塊信息
    M = []
    count = 1
    for m_name, m_info in modules.items():
        try:
            M.append((m_name, m_info.__file__, count))
            count += 1
        except AttributeError:
            pass

    print(len(M))

    print(ora.insertMany('python_modules',['module_name', 'file_path','t_id'],M))
    ora.commit()

    from prettytable import from_db_cursor

    tb = from_db_cursor(ora.execute('select * from python_modules'))
    ### 設定左對齊
    tb.align = 'l'
    ### 設定T_ID右對齊
    tb.align["T_ID"]="r"
    ### 設定數字輸出格式
    tb.float_format = "2.2"
    ### 設定邊框連接符為'*"
    tb.junction_char = "*"
    ### 設定排序列
    tb.sortby = "T_ID"
    ### 設定排序方式
    tb.reversesort = True
    ### 設定左側不填充空白字符
    tb.left_padding_width = 0

    print(tb)

輸出結果

[2018-05-31 12:02:07  - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - execute- 99 ] execute sql: DROP TABLE python_modules PURGE 
[2018-05-31 12:02:07  - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func execute run     0.1400 s  
[2018-05-31 12:02:07  - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - execute- 99 ] execute sql: 
        CREATE TABLE python_modules (
        module_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
        file_path VARCHAR2(300) NOT NULL,
        t_id INT NOT NULL
        )
         
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func execute run     0.0620 s  
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - execute- 99 ] execute sql: select lower(column_name) column_name         from user_tab_columns where table_name=upper('python_modules') 
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func execute run     0.0030 s  
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - executemany- 139 ] executemany sql:INSERT INTO python_modules (module_name,file_path,t_id) VALUES(:module_name,:file_path,:t_id) 
['module_name', 'file_path', 't_id']
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func executemany run     0.0650 s  
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - execute- 99 ] execute sql: select * from python_modules 
[2018-05-31 12:02:08  - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func execute run     0.0090 s  
*------------------------------*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*-----*
|MODULE_NAME                   |FILE_PATH                                                                |T_ID |
*------------------------------*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*-----*
|utils.Time_utils              |C:\Users\china\PycharmProjects\python_utils\utils\Time_utils.py          |  87 |
|queue                         |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\queue.py                                   |  86 |
|_compat_pickle                |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\_compat_pickle.py                          |  85 |
|struct                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\struct.py                                  |  84 |
|pickle                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\pickle.py                                  |  83 |
|select                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\select.pyd                                |  82 |
|selectors                     |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\selectors.py                               |  81 |
|_socket                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\_socket.pyd                               |  80 |
|socket                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\socket.py                                  |  79 |
|logging.handlers              |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\logging\handlers.py                        |  78 |
|string                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\string.py                                  |  77 |
|logging                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\logging\__init__.py                        |  76 |
|utils.my_logset               |C:\Users\china\PycharmProjects\python_utils\utils\my_logset.py           |  75 |
|utils.settings                |C:\Users\china\PycharmProjects\python_utils\utils\settings.py            |  74 |
|DBUtils.SteadyDB              |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\DBUtils\SteadyDB.py          |  73 |
|token                         |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\token.py                                   |  72 |
|tokenize                      |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\tokenize.py                                |  71 |
|linecache                     |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\linecache.py                               |  70 |
|traceback                     |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\traceback.py                               |  69 |
|threading                     |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\threading.py                               |  68 |
|DBUtils.PooledDB              |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\DBUtils\PooledDB.py          |  67 |
|DBUtils                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\DBUtils\__init__.py          |  66 |
|cx_Oracle                     |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\cx_Oracle.cp36-win_amd64.pyd |  65 |
|_decimal                      |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\_decimal.pyd                              |  64 |
|numbers                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\numbers.py                                 |  63 |
|decimal                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\decimal.py                                 |  62 |
|datetime                      |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\datetime.py                                |  61 |
|utils.Oracle_utils            |C:\Users\china\PycharmProjects\python_utils\utils\Oracle_utils.py        |  60 |
|_markupbase                   |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\_markupbase.py                             |  59 |
|html.parser                   |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\html\parser.py                             |  58 |
|html.entities                 |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\html\entities.py                           |  57 |
|html                          |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\html\__init__.py                           |  56 |
|unicodedata                   |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\unicodedata.pyd                           |  55 |
|textwrap                      |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\textwrap.py                                |  54 |
|bisect                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\bisect.py                                  |  53 |
|_hashlib                      |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\_hashlib.pyd                              |  52 |
|hashlib                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\hashlib.py                                 |  51 |
|random                        |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\random.py                                  |  50 |
|sre_constants                 |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\sre_constants.py                           |  49 |
|sre_parse                     |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\sre_parse.py                               |  48 |
|sre_compile                   |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\sre_compile.py                             |  47 |
|enum                          |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\enum.py                                    |  46 |
|re                            |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\re.py                                      |  45 |
|csv                           |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\csv.py                                     |  44 |
|copyreg                       |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\copyreg.py                                 |  43 |
|copy                          |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\copy.py                                    |  42 |
|prettytable                   |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\prettytable.py               |  41 |
|encodings.cp437               |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\encodings\cp437.py                         |  40 |
|contextlib                    |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\contextlib.py                              |  39 |
|importlib.machinery           |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\importlib\machinery.py                     |  38 |
|importlib.abc                 |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\importlib\abc.py                           |  37 |

參考資料

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