【轉】ABP webapi三種方式


作者:聖傑
鏈接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/d14733432dc2
來源:簡書 著作權歸作者所有。商業轉載請聯系作者獲得授權,非商業轉載請注明出處。

1. 引言

上一節我們講解了如何創建微信公眾號模塊,這一節我們就繼續跟進,來講一講公眾號模塊如何與系統進行交互。
微信公眾號模塊作為一個獨立的web模塊部署,要想與現有的【任務清單】進行交互,我們要想明白以下幾個問題:

  1. 如何進行交互?
    ABP模板項目中默認創建了webapi項目,其動態webapi技術允許我們直接訪問appservice作為webapi而不用在webapi層編寫額外的代碼。所以,自然而然我們要通過webapi與系統進行交互。
  2. 通過webapi與系統進行交互,如何確保安全?
    我們知道暴露的webapi如果不加以授權控制,就如同在大街上裸奔。所以在訪問webapi時,我們需要通過身份認證來確保安全訪問。
  3. 都有哪幾種身份認證方式?
    第一種就是大家熟知的cookie認證方式;
    第二種就是token認證方式:在訪問webapi之前,先要向目標系統申請令牌(token),申請到令牌后,再使用令牌訪問webapi。Abp默認提供了這種方式;
    第三種是基於OAuth2.0的token認證方式:OAuth2.0是什么玩意?建議先看看OAuth2.0 知多少以便我們后續內容的展開。OAuth2.0認證方式彌補了Abp自帶token認證的短板,即無法進行token刷新。

基於這一節,我完善了一個demo,大家可以直接訪問http://shengjietest.azurewebsites.net/進行體驗。

 
demo

下面我們就以【通過webapi請求用戶列表】為例看一看三種認證方式的具體實現。

2. Cookie認證方式

Cookie認證方式的原理就是:在訪問webapi之前,通過登錄目標系統建立連接,將cookie寫入本地。下一次訪問webapi的時候攜帶cookie信息就可以完成認證。

2.1. 登錄目標系統

這一步簡單,我們僅需提供用戶名密碼,Post一個登錄請求即可。
我們在微信模塊中創建一個WeixinController

public class WeixinController : Controller
{
    private readonly IAbpWebApiClient _abpWebApiClient;
    private string baseUrl = "http://shengjie.azurewebsites.net/";
    private string loginUrl = "/account/login";
    private string webapiUrl = "/api/services/app/User/GetUsers";
    private string abpTokenUrl = "/api/Account/Authenticate";
    private string oAuthTokenUrl = "/oauth/token";
    private string user = "admin";
    private string pwd = "123qwe";

    public WeixinController()
    {
        _abpWebApiClient = new AbpWebApiClient();
    }
}

其中IAbpWebApiClient是對HttpClient的封裝,用於發送 HTTP 請求和接收HTTP 響應。

下面添加CookieBasedAuth方法,來完成登錄認證,代碼如下:

public async Task CookieBasedAuth()
{
    Uri uri = new Uri(baseUrl + loginUrl);
    var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.None, UseCookies = true };

    using (var client = new HttpClient(handler))
    {
        client.BaseAddress = uri;
        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));

        var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string, string>()
        {
            {"TenancyName", "Default"},
            {"UsernameOrEmailAddress", user},
            {"Password", pwd }
        });
                
        var result = await client.PostAsync(uri, content);

        string loginResult = await result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

        var getCookies = handler.CookieContainer.GetCookies(uri);

        foreach (Cookie cookie in getCookies)
        {
            _abpWebApiClient.Cookies.Add(cookie);
        }
    }
}

這段代碼中有幾個點需要注意:

  1. 指定HttpClientHandler屬性UseCookie = true,使用Cookie;
  2. client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));用來指定接受的返回值;
  3. 使用FormUrlEncodedContent進行傳參;
  4. 使用var getCookies = handler.CookieContainer.GetCookies(uri);獲取返回的Cookie,並添加到_abpWebApiClient.Cookies的集合中,以便下次直接攜帶cookie信息訪問webapi。

2.2. 攜帶cookie訪問webapi

服務器返回的cookie信息在登錄成功后已經填充到_abpWebApiClient.Cookies中,我們只需post一個請求到目標api即可。

public async Task<PartialViewResult> SendRequestBasedCookie()
{
    await CookieBasedAuth();
    return await GetUserList(baseUrl + webapiUrl);
}

private async Task<PartialViewResult> GetUserList(string url)
{
    try
    {
        var users = await _abpWebApiClient.PostAsync<ListResultDto<UserListDto>>(url);

        return PartialView("_UserListPartial", users.Items);
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        ViewBag.ErrorMessage = e.Message;
    }

    return null;
}

3. Token認證方式

Abp默認提供的token認證方式,很簡單,我們僅需要post一個請求到/api/Account/Authenticate即可請求到token。然后使用token即可請求目標webapi。
但這其中有一個問題就是,如果token過期,就必須使用用戶名密碼重寫申請token,體驗不好。

3.1. 請求token

public async Task<string> GetAbpToken()
{
    var tokenResult = await _abpWebApiClient.PostAsync<string>(baseUrl + abpTokenUrl, new
    {
        TenancyName = "Default",
        UsernameOrEmailAddress = user,
        Password = pwd
    });
    this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("access_token", tokenResult));
    return tokenResult;
}

這段代碼中我們將請求到token直接寫入到cookie中。以便我們下次直接從cookie中取回token直接訪問webapi。

3.2. 使用token訪問webapi

從cookie中取回token,在請求頭中添加Authorization = Bearer token,即可。

public async Task<PartialViewResult> SendRequest()
{
    var token = Request.Cookies["access_token"]?.Value;
    //將token添加到請求頭
    _abpWebApiClient.RequestHeaders.Add(new NameValue("Authorization", "Bearer " + token));

    return await GetUserList(baseUrl + webapiUrl);
}

這里面需要注意的是,abp中配置app.UseOAuthBearerAuthentication(AccountController.OAuthBearerOptions);使用的是Bearer token,所以我們在請求weiapi時,要在請求頭中假如Authorization信息時,使用Bearer token的格式傳輸token信息(Bearer后有一個空格!)。

4. OAuth2.0 Token認證方式

OAuth2.0提供了token刷新機制,當服務器頒發的token過期后,我們可以直接通過refresh_token來申請token即可,不需要用戶再錄入用戶憑證申請token。

4.1. Abp集成OAuth2.0

在WebApi項目中的Api路徑下創建Providers文件夾,添加SimpleAuthorizationServerProviderSimpleRefreshTokenProvider類。
其中SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider用來驗證客戶端的用戶名和密碼來頒發token;SimpleRefreshTokenProvider用來刷新token。

public class SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider : OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider, ITransientDependency
{
    private readonly LogInManager _logInManager;

    public SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider(LogInManager logInManager)
        {
            _logInManager = logInManager;
        }

    public override Task ValidateClientAuthentication(OAuthValidateClientAuthenticationContext context)
        {
            string clientId;
            string clientSecret;
            if (!context.TryGetBasicCredentials(out clientId, out clientSecret))
            {
                context.TryGetFormCredentials(out clientId, out clientSecret);
            }
            var isValidClient = string.CompareOrdinal(clientId, "app") == 0 &&
                                string.CompareOrdinal(clientSecret, "app") == 0;
            if (isValidClient)
            {
                context.OwinContext.Set("as:client_id", clientId);
                context.Validated(clientId);
            }
            else
            {
                context.SetError("invalid client");
            }

            return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
        }

    public override async Task GrantResourceOwnerCredentials(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context)
        {
            var tenantId = context.Request.Query["tenantId"];
            var result = await GetLoginResultAsync(context, context.UserName, context.Password, tenantId);
            if (result.Result == AbpLoginResultType.Success)
            {
                //var claimsIdentity = result.Identity;                
                var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(result.Identity);
                claimsIdentity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, context.UserName));
                var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(claimsIdentity, new AuthenticationProperties());
                context.Validated(ticket);
            }
        }

    public override  Task GrantRefreshToken(OAuthGrantRefreshTokenContext context)
        {
            var originalClient = context.OwinContext.Get<string>("as:client_id");
            var currentClient = context.ClientId;

            // enforce client binding of refresh token
            if (originalClient != currentClient)
            {
                context.Rejected();
                return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
            }

            // chance to change authentication ticket for refresh token requests
            var newId = new ClaimsIdentity(context.Ticket.Identity);
            newId.AddClaim(new Claim("newClaim", "refreshToken"));

            var newTicket = new AuthenticationTicket(newId, context.Ticket.Properties);
            context.Validated(newTicket);

            return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
        }

    private async Task<AbpLoginResult<Tenant, User>> GetLoginResultAsync(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context,
        string usernameOrEmailAddress, string password, string tenancyName)
        {
            var loginResult = await _logInManager.LoginAsync(usernameOrEmailAddress, password, tenancyName);

            switch (loginResult.Result)
            {
                case AbpLoginResultType.Success:
                    return loginResult;
                default:
                    CreateExceptionForFailedLoginAttempt(context, loginResult.Result, usernameOrEmailAddress, tenancyName);
                    //throw CreateExceptionForFailedLoginAttempt(context,loginResult.Result, usernameOrEmailAddress, tenancyName);
                    return loginResult;
            }
        }

    private void CreateExceptionForFailedLoginAttempt(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context, 
        AbpLoginResultType result, string usernameOrEmailAddress, string tenancyName)
        {
            switch (result)
            {
                case AbpLoginResultType.Success:
                    throw new ApplicationException("Don't call this method with a success result!");
                case AbpLoginResultType.InvalidUserNameOrEmailAddress:
                case AbpLoginResultType.InvalidPassword:
                    context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("InvalidUserNameOrPassword"));
                    break;
                //    return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), ("InvalidUserNameOrPassword"));
                case AbpLoginResultType.InvalidTenancyName:
                    context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("ThereIsNoTenantDefinedWithName", tenancyName));
                    break;
                //    return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), string.Format("ThereIsNoTenantDefinedWithName{0}", tenancyName));
                case AbpLoginResultType.TenantIsNotActive:
                    context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("TenantIsNotActive", tenancyName));
                    break;
                //    return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), string.Format("TenantIsNotActive {0}", tenancyName));
                case AbpLoginResultType.UserIsNotActive:
                    context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("UserIsNotActiveAndCanNotLogin", usernameOrEmailAddress));
                    break;
                //    return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), string.Format("UserIsNotActiveAndCanNotLogin {0}", usernameOrEmailAddress));
                case AbpLoginResultType.UserEmailIsNotConfirmed:
                    context.SetError(L("LoginFailed"), L("UserEmailIsNotConfirmedAndCanNotLogin"));
                    break;
                    //    return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"), ("UserEmailIsNotConfirmedAndCanNotLogin"));
                    //default: //Can not fall to default actually. But other result types can be added in the future and we may forget to handle it
                    //    //Logger.Warn("Unhandled login fail reason: " + result);
                    //    return new UserFriendlyException(("LoginFailed"));
            }
        }

    private static string L(string name, params object[] args)
        {
            //return new LocalizedString(name);
            return IocManager.Instance.Resolve<ILocalizationService>().L(name, args);
        }
}
public class SimpleRefreshTokenProvider : IAuthenticationTokenProvider, ITransientDependency
{
    private static ConcurrentDictionary<string, AuthenticationTicket> _refreshTokens = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, AuthenticationTicket>();

    public Task CreateAsync(AuthenticationTokenCreateContext context)
        {
            var guid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N");

            // maybe only create a handle the first time, then re-use for same client
            // copy properties and set the desired lifetime of refresh token
            var refreshTokenProperties = new AuthenticationProperties(context.Ticket.Properties.Dictionary)
            {
                IssuedUtc = context.Ticket.Properties.IssuedUtc,
                ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddYears(1)
            };
            var refreshTokenTicket = new AuthenticationTicket(context.Ticket.Identity, refreshTokenProperties);

            //_refreshTokens.TryAdd(guid, context.Ticket);
            _refreshTokens.TryAdd(guid, refreshTokenTicket);

            // consider storing only the hash of the handle
            context.SetToken(guid);

            return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
        }

    public Task ReceiveAsync(AuthenticationTokenReceiveContext context)
        {
            AuthenticationTicket ticket;
            if (_refreshTokens.TryRemove(context.Token, out ticket))
            {
                context.SetTicket(ticket);
            }

            return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
        }

    public void Create(AuthenticationTokenCreateContext context)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

    public void Receive(AuthenticationTokenReceiveContext context)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
}

以上兩段代碼我就不做過多解釋,請自行走讀。

緊接着我們在Api目錄下創建OAuthOptions類用來配置OAuth認證。

public class OAuthOptions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Gets or sets the server options.
    /// </summary>
    /// <value>The server options.</value>
    private static OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions _serverOptions;

    /// <summary>
    /// Creates the server options.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions.</returns>
    public static OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions CreateServerOptions()
    {
        if (_serverOptions == null)
        {
            var provider = IocManager.Instance.Resolve<SimpleAuthorizationServerProvider>();
            var refreshTokenProvider = IocManager.Instance.Resolve<SimpleRefreshTokenProvider>();
            _serverOptions = new OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions
            {
                TokenEndpointPath = new PathString("/oauth/token"),
                Provider = provider,
                RefreshTokenProvider = refreshTokenProvider,
                AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),
                AllowInsecureHttp = true
            };
        }
        return _serverOptions;
    }
}

從中我們可以看出,主要配置了以下幾個屬性:

  • TokenEndpointPath :用來指定請求token的路由;
  • Provider:用來指定創建token的Provider;
  • RefreshTokenProvider:用來指定刷新token的Provider;
  • AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan :用來指定token過期時間,這里我們指定了30s,是為了demo 如何刷新token。
  • AllowInsecureHttp:用來指定是否允許http連接。

創建上面三個類之后,我們需要回到Web項目的Startup類中,配置使用集成的OAuth2.0,代碼如下:

public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
{
    //第一步:配置跨域訪問
    app.UseCors(CorsOptions.AllowAll);

    app.UseOAuthBearerAuthentication(AccountController.OAuthBearerOptions);

    //第二步:使用OAuth密碼認證模式
    app.UseOAuthAuthorizationServer(OAuthOptions.CreateServerOptions());

    //第三步:使用Abp
    app.UseAbp();
    
    //省略其他代碼
}

 

其中配置跨越訪問時,我們需要安裝Microsoft.Owin.CorsNuget包。

至此,Abp集成OAuth的工作完成了。

4.2. 申請OAuth token

我們在Abp集成OAuth配置的申請token的路由是/oauth/token,所以我們將用戶憑證post到這個路由即可申請token:

public async Task<string> GetOAuth2Token()
{
    Uri uri = new Uri(baseUrl + oAuthTokenUrl);
    var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.None };

    using (var client = new HttpClient(handler))
    {
        client.BaseAddress = uri;
        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));

        var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string, string>()
        {
            {"grant_type", "password"},
            {"username", user },
            {"password", pwd },
            {"client_id", "app" },
            {"client_secret", "app"},
        });

        //獲取token保存到cookie,並設置token的過期日期                    
        var result = await client.PostAsync(uri, content);
        string tokenResult = await result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

        var tokenObj = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(tokenResult);
        string token = tokenObj["access_token"].ToString();
        string refreshToken = tokenObj["refresh_token"].ToString();
        long expires = Convert.ToInt64(tokenObj["expires_in"]);

        this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("access_token", token));
        this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("refresh_token", refreshToken));
        this.Response.Cookies["access_token"].Expires = Clock.Now.AddSeconds(expires);

        return tokenResult;
    }
}

在這段代碼中我們指定的grant_type = password,這說明我們使用的是OAuth提供的密碼認證模式。其中{"client_id", "app" }, {"client_secret", "app"}(搞過微信公眾號開發的應該對這個很熟悉)用來指定客戶端的身份和密鑰,這邊我們直接寫死。
通過OAuth的請求的token主要包含四部分:

  • token:令牌
  • refreshtoken:刷新令牌
  • expires_in:token有效期
  • token_type:令牌類型,我們這里是Bearer

為了演示方便,我們直接把token信息直接寫入到cookie中,實際項目中建議寫入數據庫。

4.3. 刷新token

如果我們的token過期了怎么辦,咱們可以用refresh_token來重新獲取token。

public async Task<string> GetOAuth2TokenByRefreshToken(string refreshToken)
{
    Uri uri = new Uri(baseUrl + oAuthTokenUrl);
    var handler = new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.None, UseCookies = true };

    using (var client = new HttpClient(handler))
    {
        client.BaseAddress = uri;
        client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));

        var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(new Dictionary<string, string>()
        {
            {"grant_type", "refresh_token"},
            {"refresh_token", refreshToken},
            {"client_id", "app" },
            {"client_secret", "app"},
        });

        //獲取token保存到cookie,並設置token的過期日期                    
        var result = await client.PostAsync(uri, content);

        string tokenResult = await result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

        var tokenObj = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(tokenResult);
        string token = tokenObj["access_token"].ToString();
        string newRefreshToken = tokenObj["refresh_token"].ToString();
        long expires = Convert.ToInt64(tokenObj["expires_in"]);

        this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("access_token", token));
        this.Response.SetCookie(new HttpCookie("refresh_token", newRefreshToken));
        this.Response.Cookies["access_token"].Expires = Clock.Now.AddSeconds(expires);

        return tokenResult;
    }
}

這段代碼較直接使用用戶名密碼申請token的差別主要在參數上,{"grant_type", "refresh_token"},{"refresh_token", refreshToken}

4.4. 使用token訪問webapi

有了token,訪問webapi就很簡單了。

public async Task<ActionResult> SendRequestWithOAuth2Token()
{
    var token = Request.Cookies["access_token"]?.Value;
    if (token == null)
    {
        //throw new Exception("token已過期");
        string refreshToken = Request.Cookies["refresh_token"].Value;
        var tokenResult = await GetOAuth2TokenByRefreshToken(refreshToken);
        var tokenObj = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(tokenResult);
        token = tokenObj["access_token"].ToString();
    }

    _abpWebApiClient.RequestHeaders.Add(new NameValue("Authorization", "Bearer " + token));

    return await GetUserList(baseUrl + webapiUrl);
}

這段代碼中,我們首先從cookie中取回access_token,若access_token為空說明token過期,我們就從cookie中取回refresh_token重新申請token。然后構造一個Authorization將token信息添加到請求頭即可訪問目標webapi。

5. 總結

本文介紹了三種不同的認證方式進行訪問webapi,並舉例說明。文章不可能面面俱到,省略了部分代碼,請直接參考源碼。若有紕漏之處也歡迎大家留言指正。



 


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