搭建ftp服務器
1：首先，更新軟件源，保證源是最新的，這樣有利於下面在線通過apt-get install命令安裝ftp。 2：使用sudo apt-get install vsftp命令安裝vsftp，安裝軟件需要root權限，我們使用sudo來暫時獲取。 3：安裝好ftp后默認是會自動創建ftp用戶的，然后我們設置ftp用戶的密碼，輸入 4：sudo passwd ftp，然后輸入密碼，再確認密碼。 為 ftp用戶創建的目錄 默認為/srv/ftp
5：對/etc/vsftpd.conf配置文件進行一定的修改。使用 sudo gedit /etc/vsftpd.conf打開配置文件。 將配置文件中”anonymous_enable=YES （是否允許匿名ftp，若不允許選NO） 取消如下配置前的注釋符號： local_enable=YES（是否允許本地用戶登錄） 27行附近： #本地用戶，liyafei ,密碼 write_enable=YES（是否允許本地用戶寫的權限） 29行附近： chroot_local_user=YES（是否將所有用戶限制在主目錄） 121行附近： chroot_list_enable=YES（是否啟動限制用戶的名單） chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list（可在文件中設置多個賬號） /*********************** /etc/vsftpd.conf ***************************/ # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) chroot_local_user=YES chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list #chroot_list_file=/etc/chroot_list 然后重啟ftp服務，使用命令sudo service vsftpd restart重啟ftp服務
瀏覽器通過ftp://192.168.100.91訪問成功該目錄成功 成功 https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/a948d6512ef9d00a2dcd2ea3.html
通過filezilla進行上傳文件
home目錄下可以創建很多用戶目錄。對/etc/vsftpd.conf進行如下配置
userlist_deny=NO userlist_file=/etc/allowed_users seccomp_sandbox=NO local_root=/home/ftp
那么在/etc/allowed_users中的用戶就可以通過用戶名和密碼登錄到服務器訪問/home/ftp
/etc/allowed_users 文件內容
user1
user2
那么 user1,user2 用戶和 本地用戶 就可以訪問/home/ftp中的內容.
一般哪一個使用哪一個用戶名，就訪問哪一個用戶的主目錄，在home目錄下面會為每一個用戶創建一個目錄。
瀏覽器默認使用ftp用戶，訪問srv/ftp目錄下的內容。就算其它用戶在瀏覽器登錄了，也不行。除非將/srv/ftp 目錄刪除。
用filezilla客戶端對文件進行上傳，因為/home/ftp中的文件夾都沒有寫權限，所以進行上傳時提示： 553 Could not create file
我們需要在/home/ftp文件夾下創建一個具有寫權限的文件夾 ，例如創建文件夾write;
首先在ftp的目錄中創建一個目錄，然后設置權限為777 $ sudo mkdir /home/ftp/write $ sudo chmod -R 777 /home/ftp/write 然后修改vsftp的配置文件/etc/vsftpd.conf文件 在最后添加上 local_root=/home/ftp #這是allowed_users 文件夾中的用戶訪問的路徑，上面的配置文件，已經添加過 保存，然后殺死vsftpd進程，然后重啟vsftpd服務器程序。 試試看，將文件上傳到write目錄，這個時候可以正常的上傳文件了。
一定要將創建的目錄權限修改為可寫w，否則提示錯誤；
響應: 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,100,91,84,116). 命令: STOR 網站設計.docx 響應: 553 Could not create file. 錯誤: 嚴重文件傳輸錯誤
這時就可以向/home/ftp/write 文件夾中上傳文件。
如果以user3用戶登錄，user3用戶的目錄又在/home/user3 下面，那么使用java客戶端上傳文件時，路徑是從/home/user3開始的。不再加前面的/home/user3
bashPath=/home/usre3就可以省去。
// if (!ftp.changeWorkingDirectory(basePath+filePath)) {
if (!ftp.changeWorkingDirectory(filePath)) {
同樣，我們也可以在/srv/ftp文件夾中創建 具有寫權限的文件夾，供用戶名為ftp的用戶 進行添加文件。
當想要加載其中的文件時，需要將文件目錄所有者root改為使用的用戶。 chown -hR liyafei:liyafei ./liyafei
總結：用戶名ftp的用戶訪問/srv/ftp文件夾
本地用戶和allowed_users中的用戶訪問指定的local_root文件夾
如果需要上傳功能，需要在文件夾下創建具有寫功能的文件夾
在html頁面下載ftp服務器內容，通過在連接中指定用戶名和密碼，和與用戶名密碼對應的文件位置就可以下載。
例如：下載uftp用戶下的/home/ftp/public/file/vsftpd.conf 文件 。uftp用戶對應的根目錄為/home/ftp，如下所示
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> 直接使用一個超鏈接： ftp://用戶名：密碼@ip:端口號/該用戶下面的目錄，省去 local_root 目錄。
<a href='ftp://uftp:1367356@192.168.100.91:21/public/file/vsftpd.conf' download="vsftpd"> 點擊FTP下載 </a> </body> </html>
配置文件：
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # # Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone # daemon started from an initscript. listen=YES # # Run standalone with IPv6? # Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket # instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually # exclusive. #listen_ipv6=YES # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default) anonymous_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. #write_enable=YES write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) #local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # anon_other_write_enable=YES # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time # in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this # option. use_localtime=YES # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! # #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. #xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails # # You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or # chroot_list_enable below. #chroot_local_user=YES # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) chroot_local_user=YES chroot_list_enable=NO # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # Customization # # Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by # default. # # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem # access. secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty # # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use. pam_service_name=vsftpd # # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL # encrypted connections. rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem # This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL # encrypted connections. rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key userlist_deny=NO userlist_file=/etc/allowed_users seccomp_sandbox=NO #pasv_enable=YES #pasv_min_port=3000 #pasv_max_port=4000 local_root=/home/ftp