當我們遇到需要捕獲數據庫中數據變化的時候,總是會想到通過消息隊列來實現該需求,通過把數據變化發布到消息隊列,來完成系統上下游的解耦。關心這些數據變化的應用可以從消息隊列上獲取這些數據。
Bottledwater-pg是針對PostgreSQL數據庫的一種消息生產者,可以將PostgreSQL數據庫的數據寫入confluent Kafka,從而實時的分享給消息訂閱者。支持PostgreSQL 9.4以及以上版本,支持全量快照,以及持續解析數據WAL日志中的增量數據並寫入Kafka。每一張數據庫表為一個topic。數據在使用decode從WAL取出后,使用Avro將數據格式化(通常格式化為JSON)再寫入Kafka。
Bottledwater-pg有docker、源碼編譯、Ubuntu三種使用方式,本文以源碼編譯方式說明如何部署。
一. 環境說明
- 源端
IP:10.19.100.23
操作系統:RHEL6.3
數據庫:PostgreSQL-9.4.11
- 目的端
IP:10.19.100.21
操作系統:RHEL6.3
Kafka:2.10-0.10.2.0
二. 源端配置(10.19.100.23)
Bottledwater-pg依賴以下軟件包:
- avro-c > =1.8.0
- jansson
- libcurl
- librdkafka > =0.9.1
Bottledwater-pg可選以下軟件包:
- libsnappy
- boost
另外編譯要求較高的cmake版本,操作系統自帶的cmake會出現編譯錯誤,本文使用:
- cmake-3.8.0
2.0 卸載系統自帶PG包
(root用戶操作)
RedHat根據安裝模式可能自帶8.4版本的PostgreSQL,請務必卸載,否則會對編譯造成影響
# rpm -qa|grep postgres postgresql-libs-8.4.11-1.el6_2.x86_64 postgresql-devel-8.4.11-1.el6_2.x86_64 postgresql-8.4.11-1.el6_2.x86_64 # rpm -e postgresql-devel-8.4.11-1.el6_2.x86_64 # rpm -e postgresql-8.4.11-1.el6_2.x86_64 # rpm -e postgresql-libs-8.4.11-1.el6_2.x86_64
2.1 編譯安裝cmake
(root用戶操作)
# cd /opt # tar zxvf cmake-3.8.0.tar.gz # cd cmake-3.8.0 # ./bootstrap # make # make install # cmake -version cmake version 3.8.0 CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).
2.2 編譯安裝jansson
(root用戶操作)
# cd /opt # tar jxvf jansson-2.9.tar.bz2 # cd jansson-2.9 # ./configure # make # make install # ls /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig jansson.pc #export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
2.3 編譯安裝avro
(root用戶操作)
# cd /opt # yum install -y xz-* # yum install -y zlib-devel.x86_64 # tar zxvf avro-src-1.8.1.tar.gz # cd avro-src-1.8.1/lang/c # mkdir build # cd build # cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/avro -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DTHREADSAFE=true # make # make test # make install
導入庫文件
# vi /etc/ld.so.conf /opt/avro/lib # ldconfig
配置臨時環境變量
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/avro/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/avro/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
2.4 安裝libcurl
(root用戶操作)
# yum install -y libcurl-devel.x86_64
2.5 編譯安裝librdkafka
(root用戶操作)
# cd /opt # unzip librdkafka-master.zip # cd librdkafka-master # ./configure # make # make install # ls /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig jansson.pc rdkafka.pc rdkafka++.pc
2.6 添加引用庫
(root用戶操作)
# vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/bottledwater.conf /opt/avro/lib /usr/local/lib /PostgreSQL/9.4/lib # ldconfig
2.7 編譯安裝bottledwater-pg
(root用戶操作)
# chown -R postgres:postgres /opt/
(postgres用戶操作)
配置環境變量
$ vi ~/.bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs export PG_HOME=/PostgreSQL/9.4 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/avro/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/opt/avro/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH PATH=$PG_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin export PATH
准備安裝包
$ unzip bottledwater-pg-master.zip
$ cd bottledwater-pg-master
這里不知道是操作系統環境的問題還是開源軟件本身的問題,需要修改源碼包里的2處Makefile才能通過編譯。
- 修改client/Makefile
PG_CFLAGS = -I$(shell pg_config --includedir) -I$(shell pg_config --includedir-server) -I$(shell pg_config --pkgincludedir)
- 修改kafka/Makefile
PG_CFLAGS = -I$(shell pg_config --includedir) -I$(shell pg_config --includedir-server) -I$(shell pg_config --pkgincludedir)
LDFLAGS=-L/usr/lib64 $(CURL_LDFLAGS) $(PG_LDFLAGS) $(KAFKA_LDFLAGS) $(AVRO_LDFLAGS) $(JSON_LDFLAGS)
編譯並安裝bottledwater-pg
$ make
$ make install
安裝完成后會自動在PostgreSQL數據庫擴展包目錄下生成擴展庫文件和擴展庫控制文件。
$ ls /PostgreSQL/9.4/lib/postgresql/bottledwater* /PostgreSQL/9.4/lib/postgresql/bottledwater.so $ ls /PostgreSQL/9.4/share/postgresql/extension/bottledwater* /PostgreSQL/9.4/share/postgresql/extension/bottledwater--0.1.sql /PostgreSQL/9.4/share/postgresql/extension/bottledwater.control
2.7 數據庫配置
試驗環境中PostgreSQL已有數據庫mas,用戶mas,密碼mas。
Mas庫中有一張表:
mastest(col1 numeric primary key,col2 character varying(10));
- 修改數據庫配置文件
$ vi /PostgreSQL/9.4/data/postgresql.conf max_worker_processes = 8 # 至少為8 wal_level = logical # 至少為logical,可以更高 max_wal_senders = 8 # 至少為8 wal_keep_segments = 256 # 至少為256 max_replication_slots = 4 # 至少為4
- 修改數據庫白名單配置文件
*這部分權限可能過大,可以精簡
$ vi /PostgreSQL/9.4/data/pg_hba.conf local replication all trust host replication all 127.0.0.1/32 trust host replication all 0.0.0.0/0 md5 host all postgres 10.19.100.23/32 trust
- 重啟數據庫並對要監控的庫創建bottledwater擴展
$ pg_ctl restart -D /PostgreSQL/9.4/data/ -l /PostgreSQL/9.4/data/pglog.log -m fast $ psql -U postgres -d mas -c "create extension bottledwater;" Password for user postgres: CREATE EXTENSION
三. 測試同步
- 在源端(10.19.100.23)啟動bottledwater
$ cd /opt/bottledwater-pg-master/kafka $ ./bottledwater --postgres=postgres://postgres:123456@10.19.100.23:5432/mas --broker=10.19.100.21:9092 -f json [INFO] Writing messages to Kafka in JSON format [INFO] Created replication slot "bottledwater", capturing consistent snapshot "00000718-1". INFO: bottledwater_export: Table mas.mastest is keyed by index mastest_pkey [INFO] Snapshot complete, streaming changes from 0/1749F58.
- 向源端數據庫寫入數據
mas=> insert into mastest values(1,'A'); INSERT 0 1 mas=> insert into mastest values(2,'B'); INSERT 0 1 mas=> update mastest set col2='C' where col1=2; UPDATE 1 mas=> delete from mastest where col1=1; DELETE 1
- 目的端查看消息事件
# bin/kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper localhost:2181 mas.mastest # bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic mas.mastest --from-beginning --property print.key=true {"col1": {"double": 1.0}} {"col1": {"double": 1.0}, "col2": {"string": "A"}} {"col1": {"double": 2.0}} {"col1": {"double": 2.0}, "col2": {"string": "B"}} {"col1": {"double": 2.0}} {"col1": {"double": 2.0}, "col2": {"string": "C"}} {"col1": {"double": 1.0}} null
說明:
1. 目的端Kafka配置文件中,Listener的配置不能用默認值localhost
2. 每一張PostgreSQL中的表都會被做為一個topic,每個topic是自動創建的不需要人工干預,即使后期新建的表也是如此。
3. 消息事件以“主鍵列 + 變更后的所有列”作為消息內容
4. 主從復制模式下,slave不能啟動bottledwater,因為備庫不產生wal日志