expect介紹
借助Expect處理交互的命令,可以將交互 過程如:ssh登錄,ftp登錄等寫在一個腳本上,使之自動化完成.尤其適用於需 要對多台服務器執行相同操作的環境中,可以大大提高系統管理人員的工作效率
expect安裝
[root@ansible ssh]# rpm -qa | grep expect
expect-5.45-14.el7_1.x86_64
[root@ansible ssh]# yum install expect
expect 語法
expect [選項] [ -c cmds ] [ [ -[f|b] ] cmdfile ] [ args ]
選項
-c：從命令行執行expect腳本，默認expect是交互地執行的
示例：expect -c 'expect "\n" {send "pressed enter\n"}
-d：可以輸出輸出調試信息
示例：expect -d ssh.exp
expect中相關命令
spawn：啟動新的進程
send：用於向進程發送字符串
expect：從進程接收字符串
interact：允許用戶交互
exp_continue 匹配多個字符串在執行動作后加此命令
expect最常用的語法(tcl語言:模式-動作)
單一分支模式語法：
expect “hi” {send “You said hi\n"} 匹配到hi后,會輸出“you said hi”，並換行
多分支模式語法:
expect "hi" { send "You said hi\n" } \ "hehe" { send “Hehe yourself\n" } \ "bye" { send “Good bye\n" }
匹配hi,hello,bye任意字符串時,執行相應輸出.等同如下:
expect { "hi" { send "You said hi\n"} "hehe" { send "Hehe yourself\n"} "bye" { send “Good bye\n"} }
自動拷貝文件到遠程主機
執行expect 不能以bash file 的方式來執行 (開啟一個子shell進程)
必須通過 chmod +x file ./file 這樣的方式 (不會開啟子shell進程,只在當前shell環境中執行)
expect 如果只交互一次如拷貝文件 結尾就使用 expect eof
如果需要連續交互如登錄遠程主機執行各種命令結尾就需使用 interact
1.安裝expect 系統默認沒有此命令 yum install expect 2.創建配置文件 [root@ansible ssh]# vi hosts 192.168.31.134 root root 192.168.31.135 root root 192.168.31.136 root root 3.編寫腳本 [root@ansible ssh]# ls copykey.sh hosts [root@ansible ssh]# vi copykey.sh #!/bin/bash if [ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ];then ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa else echo "id_rsa has created ..." fi #分發到各個節點 while read line do user=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 2` ip=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 1` passwd=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 3` expect <<EOF set timeout 10 spawn ssh-copy-id $user@$ip expect { "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue } "password" { send "$passwd\n" } } expect "password" { send "$passwd\n" } EOF done < hosts 4.給腳本執行權限 chmod +x copykey.sh 5.執行腳本 ./copykey.sh
1 #!/usr/bin/expect 2 spawn scp /etc/fstab root@192.168.33.129:/root 3 expect { 4 "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue } 5 "password" { send "root\n" } 6 } 7 expect eof 8 9 10 11 [root@centos7 ~]# bash one.expect 12 one.expect: line 2: spawn: command not found 13 couldn't read file "{": no such file or directory 14 one.expect: line 4: yes/no: No such file or directory 15 one.expect: line 4: exp_continue: command not found 16 one.expect: line 5: password: command not found 17 one.expect: line 6: syntax error near unexpected token `}' 18 one.expect: line 6: `}' 19 [root@centos7 ~]# ./one.expect 20 spawn scp /etc/fstab root@192.168.33.129:/root 21 The authenticity of host '192.168.33.129 (192.168.33.129)' can't be established. 22 RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:FzQU22CgZBnSbmZAuoypliidxPK9PsOFjJwcYUZWk5E. 23 RSA key fingerprint is MD5:a8:2b:51:c3:dc:09:65:89:78:d2:d5:e0:9f:e9:30:1a. 24 Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes 25 Warning: Permanently added '192.168.33.129' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. 26 root@192.168.33.129's password: 27 fstab
1 #!/usr/bin/expect 2 set ip [lindex $argv 0] 3 set user [lindex $argv 1] 4 set password [lindex $argv 2] 5 set timeout 10 6 spawn ssh $user@$ip 7 expect { 8 "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue } 9 "password" { send "$password\n" } 10 } 11 expect "]#" { send "useradd haha\n" } 12 expect "]#" { send "echo aaa|passwd --stdin haha\n" } 13 send "exit\n" expect eof 14 #./ssh4.exp 192.168.8.100 root aa
1 #!/bin/bash 2 ip=$1 3 user=$2 4 password=$3 5 expect <<EOF 6 set timeout 10 7 spawn ssh $user@$ip 8 expect { 9 "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue } 10 "password" { send "$password\n" } 11 } 12 expect "]#" { send "useradd hehe\n" } 13 expect "]#" { send "echo rrr|passwd --stdin hehe\n" } 14 expect "]#" { send "exit\n" } expect eof 15 EOF 16 #./ssh5.sh 192.168.8.100 root aaa