MySQL兩主（多主）多從架構配置
一、角色划分
1、MySQL數據庫規划
我現在的環境是：zhdy04和zhdy05已經做好了主主架構配置，現在需要的是把兩台或者多台從服務器與主一一同步。
|
主機名 |
IP 地址 |
角色 |
Mysql_server_id |
|---|---|---|---|
|
zhdy04 |
192.168.230.145 |
masterA |
145 |
|
zhdy05 |
192.168.230.146 |
masterB |
146 |
|
zhdy06 |
192.168.230.147 |
slaveA |
147 |
|
zhdy07 |
192.168.230.148 |
slaveB |
148 |
二、MySQL數據同步設定
1、因為咱們測試的機器數據庫全部都是初始值，所以不需要導入任何數據庫。（寫的原因是假如，配置的環境和現在不一致。我們仍然需要做數據備份和導入）
2、數據同步帳號添加
按理來說，之前我們已經配置了主主，也就是zhdy04和zhdy05已經互相授權了。接下來我們需要設置的是：
- 在zhdy04上面授權zhdy06可以同步。
- 在zhdy05上面授權zhdy07可以同步。
zhdy04 masterA服務器：
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.230.147' identified by 'zhangduanya'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
zhdy05 masterB服務器：
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.230.148' identified by 'zhangduanya'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
3、數據庫配置文件修改
- zhdy04 masterA服務器：
server-id=145 log-bin=mysql-bin auto-increment-increment=2 auto-increment-offset=1 log-slave-updates
- zhdy05 masterB服務器：
server-id=146 log-bin=mysql-bin auto-increment-increment=2 auto-increment-offset=2 log-slave-updates
- zhdy06 slaveA服務器：
server-id=147
- zhdy07 slaveB服務器：
server-id=148
在此我為了讓大家更加容易理解我所做的配置，所以沒有添加任何附加的服務，例如如下：
log-bin = mysql-bin #打開二進制功能,MASTER主服務器必須打開此項 binlog-format=ROW binlog-row-p_w_picpath=minimal log-slave-updates=true gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true master-info-repository=TABLE relay-log-info-repository=TABLE sync-master-info=1 slave-parallel-workers=0 sync_binlog=0 binlog-checksum=CRC32 master-verify-checksum=1 slave-sql-verify-checksum=1 binlog-rows-query-log_events=1 #expire_logs_days=5 max_binlog_size=1024M #binlog單文件最大值 replicate-ignore-db = mysql #忽略不同步主從的數據庫 replicate-ignore-db = information_schema replicate-ignore-db = performance_schema replicate-ignore-db = test replicate-ignore-db = zabbix max_connections = 3000 max_connect_errors = 30 skip-character-set-client-handshake #忽略應用程序想要設置的其他字符集 init-connect='SET NAMES utf8' #連接時執行的SQL character-set-server=utf8 #服務端默認字符集 wait_timeout=1800 #請求的最大連接時間 interactive_timeout=1800 #和上一參數同時修改才會生效 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES #sql模式 skip-name-resolve slow_query_log=1 long_query_time = 6 slow_query_log_file=slow-query.log innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M binlog-do-db=openfire binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema replicate-do-db=openfire replicate-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema read_only = 1 #開始只讀模式 read_only=0; #關閉只讀,可以讀寫
4、重啟4台DB:
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
5、同步設置：
- zhdy04 masterA服務器：
mysql> show master status; 記錄下各自的 master_log_file、master_log_pos值 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 120 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
- zhdy05 masterB服務器：
mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 120 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- zhdy06 slaveA服務器：
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.230.145', master_user='repl', master_password='zhangduanya', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004', master_log_pos=120; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec)
- zhdy07 slaveB服務器：
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.230.146', master_user='repl', master_password='zhangduanya', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004', master_log_pos=120; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.08 sec)
6、檢查配置
首先一定要把四台的firewalld全部關閉！
# systemctl stop firewalld # systemctl disable firewalld
分別檢查四台服務器的
Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
開啟情況！
- zhdy06 slaveA服務器：
mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.230.145 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_File: zhdy06-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 283 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- zhdy04 masterA服務器：
mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.230.146 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_File: zhdy04-relay-bin.000012 Relay_Log_Pos: 283 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- zhdy07 slaveB服務器：
mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.230.146 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_File: zhdy07-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 283 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- zhdy05 masterB服務器：
mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.230.145 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_File: zhdy05-relay-bin.000011 Relay_Log_Pos: 283 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
由此看來全部同步成功！
7、最后一步，在主服務器zhdy04 masterA創建一個數據庫，也就是說這四台服務器都會有這個數據庫！
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | qqq | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.06 sec)
我就不一一截屏了，然后所有的數據庫均有了qqq這個數據庫！
8、總結
也就是說，未來我們搭建多主多從看完這個配置是不是也有思路了？就像配置路由器一樣，互相連接的互相授權下是不是就可以了？
給大家一個設置的方法：
auto-increment-increment = 10 auto-increment-offset = 1
auto-increment-increment = 10 auto-increment-offset = 2
auto-increment-increment = 10 auto-increment-offset = 3
這樣是不是就可以設置10台主mysql了呢？
但是一旦超過20台呢？或者是100台？
20台
auto-increment-increment = 20 auto-increment-offset = 1
auto-increment-increment = 20 auto-increment-offset = 2
…..
auto-increment-increment = 20 auto-increment-offset = 20
100台
auto-increment-increment = 100 auto-increment-offset = 1
auto-increment-increment = 100 auto-increment-offset = 2
…..
auto-increment-increment = 100 auto-increment-offset = 100
是不是就不會重復了？ 不難看出，自增長值可設置為主機的數量值即可，但是一定要想到可擴充性，也就是盡量設置這個值大些。