JAVA發送HttpClient請求及接收請求結果

1、寫一個HttpRequestUtils工具類，包括post請求和get請求

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package  com.brainlong.framework.util.httpclient;   import  net.sf.json.JSONObject; import  org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus; import  org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import  org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import  org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import  org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import  org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import  org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import  org.slf4j.Logger; import  org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;   import  java.io.IOException; import  java.net.URLDecoder;   public  class  HttpRequestUtils {      private  static  Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpRequestUtils. class );     //日志記錄        /**       * httpPost       * @param url  路徑       * @param jsonParam 參數       * @return       */      public  static  JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam){          return  httpPost(url, jsonParam,  false );      }        /**       * post請求       * @param url         url地址       * @param jsonParam     參數       * @param noNeedResponse    不需要返回結果       * @return       */      public  static  JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam,  boolean  noNeedResponse){          //post請求返回結果          DefaultHttpClient httpClient =  new  DefaultHttpClient();          JSONObject jsonResult =  null ;          HttpPost method =  new  HttpPost(url);          try  {              if  ( null  != jsonParam) {                  //解決中文亂碼問題                  StringEntity entity =  new  StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(),  "utf-8" );                  entity.setContentEncoding( "UTF-8" );                  entity.setContentType( "application/json" );                  method.setEntity(entity);              }              HttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(method);              url = URLDecoder.decode(url,  "UTF-8" );              /**請求發送成功，並得到響應**/              if  (result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() ==  200 ) {                  String str =  "" ;                  try  {                      /**讀取服務器返回過來的json字符串數據**/                      str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity());                      if  (noNeedResponse) {                          return  null ;                      }                      /**把json字符串轉換成json對象**/                      jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(str);                  }  catch  (Exception e) {                      logger.error( "post請求提交失敗:"  + url, e);                  }              }          }  catch  (IOException e) {              logger.error( "post請求提交失敗:"  + url, e);          }          return  jsonResult;      }          /**       * 發送get請求       * @param url    路徑       * @return       */      public  static  JSONObject httpGet(String url){          //get請求返回結果          JSONObject jsonResult =  null ;          try  {              DefaultHttpClient client =  new  DefaultHttpClient();              //發送get請求              HttpGet request =  new  HttpGet(url);              HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);                /**請求發送成功，並得到響應**/              if  (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {                  /**讀取服務器返回過來的json字符串數據**/                  String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());                  /**把json字符串轉換成json對象**/                  jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(strResult);                  url = URLDecoder.decode(url,  "UTF-8" );              }  else  {                  logger.error( "get請求提交失敗:"  + url);              }          }  catch  (IOException e) {              logger.error( "get請求提交失敗:"  + url, e);          }          return  jsonResult;      } }

2、寫業務代碼發送Http請求

3、MVC配置文件設置Controller掃描目錄

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<!-- 自動掃描且只掃描 @Controller  --> <context:component-scan base- package = "com.wiselong.multichannel"  use- default -filters= "false" >      <context:include-filter type= "annotation"  expression= "org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"  /> </context:component-scan>

4、接收Http請求

    接收post請求

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@Controller @RequestMapping (value =  "/api/platform/exceptioncenter/exceptioninfo" ) public  class  ExceptionInfoController {      //注入      @Autowired      private  ExceptionInfoBiz exceptionInfoBiz;        /**       * 創建異常信息請求       * @param requestBody 請求消息內容       * @param request 請求消息頭       * @return jsonObject       */      @RequestMapping (              value= "/create" ,              method = RequestMethod.POST      )      public  ModelAndView createExceptionInfo( @RequestBody  String requestBody, HttpServletRequest request) {          JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(requestBody);          ComExceptionInfo comExceptionInfo =  new  ComExceptionInfo();          comExceptionInfo.setProjectName(jsonObject.getString( "projectName" ));          comExceptionInfo.setTagName(jsonObject.getString( "tagName" ));          exceptionInfoBiz.insert(comExceptionInfo);          //返回請求結果          JSONObject result=  new  JSONObject();          result.put( "success" ,  "true" );          return  new  ModelAndView( "" , ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonSuccess(result.toString()));      }    }

 

接收get請求

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@Controller

@RequestMapping (value= "/api/platform/messagecenter/messages/sms" )

public  class  SmsController {

     @Autowired

     SmsSendBiz smsSendBiz;

 

     /**

      * 接收手機號碼和內容往短信發送表插入一條記錄

      * @param requestbody 請求消息內容

      * @param request 請求消息頭

      * @return jsonObject

      */

     @RequestMapping (

             value= "/send" ,

             method= RequestMethod.GET

     )

     public  ModelAndView sendSms( @RequestBody  String requestbody, HttpServletRequest request) {

         //獲取請求URL及url后面傳輸的參數

         String url = request.getRequestURL() +  "?"  + request.getQueryString();

         url = BuildRequestUrl.decodeUrl(url);

         String telePhone = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request,  "telePhone" );

         String content = RequestUtils.getStringValue(request,  "content" );

         smsSendBiz.insertTtMsQuequ(telePhone,content);

         return  new  ModelAndView( "" , ResponseUtilsHelper.jsonResult( "" ,  true ));

     }

}




二.

get 

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import  java.io.BufferedReader; import  java.io.IOException; import  java.io.InputStream; import  java.io.InputStreamReader;   import  org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient; import  org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod; import  org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;   public  class  H_client_get {      public  static  void main(String[] args) throws IOException { //      new類對象          HttpClient client =  new  HttpClient(); //      使用 GET 方法 與URL服務器進行交互 //      HttpMethod method = new GetMethod("http://192.168.111.128/bak/regist.php?email=[e-mail]&password=1234567&re_password=1234567&username=admin&nickname=管理員");          HttpMethod method =  new  GetMethod( "http://192.168.111.128/bak/login.php?username=" ); //      使用 GET 方法 ，實行與url服務器連接          client.executeMethod(method); //      數據流輸出 //      method.getResponseBodyAsStream 創建字節流對象為inputStream          InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream(); //      InputStreamReader(inputStream)字節流轉換成字符流    BufferedReader封裝成帶有緩沖的字符流對象了            BufferedReader br =  new  BufferedReader( new  InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8" )); //      StringBuffer是字符串變量，它的對象是可以擴充和修改的       創建一個空的StringBuffer類的對象              StringBuffer stringBuffer =  new  StringBuffer(); //      定義字符串常量          String str=  "" ; //      br字符流賦值給str字符串常量  str不等於空 按行輸出          while ((str = br.readLine()) !=  null ){  //          StringBuffer 是字符串變量，它的對象是可以擴充和修改的  將str數據賦予 stringBuffer               stringBuffer .append(str );             }    //      按照字符串循環輸出stringBuffer          System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString()); //      關閉method 的 httpclient連接          method.releaseConnection();      } }

post

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import  java.io.BufferedReader; import  java.io.IOException; import  java.io.InputStream; import  java.io.InputStreamReader;   import  org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod; import  org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;   public  class  H_client_post {      public  static  void  main(String[] args)  throws  IOException {          HttpClient client =  new  HttpClient();          PostMethod  method =  new  PostMethod( "http://192.168.111.128/bak/login_post.php" );          //表單域的值,既post傳入的key=value          NameValuePair[] date = {  new  NameValuePair( "username" , "admin" ), new  NameValuePair( "password" , "123457" )};          //method使用表單閾值          method.setRequestBody(date);          //提交表單          client.executeMethod(method);          //字符流轉字節流  循環輸出，同get解釋          InputStream inputStream = method.getResponseBodyAsStream();          BufferedReader br =  new  BufferedReader( new  InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8" ));          StringBuffer stringBuffer =  new  StringBuffer();          String str=  "" ;          while ((str = br.readLine()) !=  null ){               stringBuffer .append(str );             }               System.out.println(stringBuffer.toString());          method.releaseConnection();      } }

三.

Http協議的重要性相信不用我多說了，HttpClient相比傳統JDK自帶的URLConnection，增加了易用性和靈活性（具體區別，日后我們再討論），它不僅是客戶端發送Http請求變得容易，而且也方便了開發人員測試接口（基於Http協議的），即提高了開發的效率，也方便提高代碼的健壯性。因此熟練掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修內容，掌握HttpClient后，相信對於Http協議的了解會更加深入。

一、簡介

HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子項目，用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持HTTP協議的客戶端編程工具包，並且它支持HTTP協議最新的版本和建議。HttpClient已經應用在很多的項目中，比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外兩個開源項目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。

下載地址: http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi

二、特性

1. 基於標准、純凈的java語言。實現了Http1.0和Http1.1

2. 以可擴展的面向對象的結構實現了Http全部的方法（GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE）。

3. 支持HTTPS協議。

4. 通過Http代理建立透明的連接。

5. 利用CONNECT方法通過Http代理建立隧道的https連接。

6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos認證方案。

7. 插件式的自定義認證方案。

8. 便攜可靠的套接字工廠使它更容易的使用第三方解決方案。

9. 連接管理器支持多線程應用。支持設置最大連接數，同時支持設置每個主機的最大連接數，發現並關閉過期的連接。

10. 自動處理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。

11. 插件式的自定義Cookie策略。

12. Request的輸出流可以避免流中內容直接緩沖到socket服務器。

13. Response的輸入流可以有效的從socket服務器直接讀取相應內容。

14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久連接。

15. 直接獲取服務器發送的response code和 headers。

16. 設置連接超時的能力。

17. 實驗性的支持http1.1 response caching。

18. 源代碼基於Apache License 可免費獲取。

三、使用方法

使用HttpClient發送請求、接收響應很簡單，一般需要如下幾步即可。

1. 創建HttpClient對象。

2. 創建請求方法的實例，並指定請求URL。如果需要發送GET請求，創建HttpGet對象；如果需要發送POST請求，創建HttpPost對象。

3. 如果需要發送請求參數，可調用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法來添加請求參數；對於HttpPost對象而言，也可調用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法來設置請求參數。

4. 調用HttpClient對象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)發送請求，該方法返回一個HttpResponse。

5. 調用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取服務器的響應頭；調用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity對象，該對象包裝了服務器的響應內容。程序可通過該對象獲取服務器的響應內容。

6. 釋放連接。無論執行方法是否成功，都必須釋放連接

四、實例

 package com.test;

 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
 import java.security.KeyManagementException;
 import java.security.KeyStore;
 import java.security.KeyStoreException;
 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
 import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;

 import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

 import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
 import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
 import org.apache.http.ParseException;
 import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
 import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
 import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
 import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
 import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
 import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
 import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
 import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
 import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
 import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
 import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
 import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
 import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
 import org.junit.Test;

 public class HttpClientTest {

     @Test
     public void jUnitTest() {
         get();
     }

     /**
      * HttpClient連接SSL
      */
     public void ssl() {
         CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
         try {
             KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
             FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));
             try {
                 // 加載keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore
                 trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());
             } catch (CertificateException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             } finally {
                 try {
                     instream.close();
                 } catch (Exception ignore) {
                 }
             }
             // 相信自己的CA和所有自簽名的證書
             SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
             // 只允許使用TLSv1協議
             SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,
                     SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
             httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
             // 創建http請求(get方式)
             HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
             System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());
             CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
             try {
                 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                 System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
                 System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
                 if (entity != null) {
                     System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
                     System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
                     EntityUtils.consume(entity);
                 }
             } finally {
                 response.close();
             }
         } catch (ParseException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } finally {
             if (httpclient != null) {
                 try {
                     httpclient.close();
                 } catch (IOException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 }
             }
         }
     }

     /**
      * post方式提交表單（模擬用戶登錄請求）
      */
     public void postForm() {
         // 創建默認的httpClient實例.
         CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
         // 創建httppost
         HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
         // 創建參數隊列
         List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();
         formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));
         formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
         UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
         try {
             uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
             httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
             System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
             CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
             try {
                 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                 if (entity != null) {
                     System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
                     System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
                     System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
                 }
             } finally {
                 response.close();
             }
         } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
             e1.printStackTrace();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } finally {
             // 關閉連接,釋放資源
             try {
                 httpclient.close();
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         }
     }

     /**
      * 發送 post請求訪問本地應用並根據傳遞參數不同返回不同結果
      */
     public void post() {
         // 創建默認的httpClient實例.
         CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
         // 創建httppost
         HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");
         // 創建參數隊列
         List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();
         formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));
         UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;
         try {
             uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");
             httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);
             System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());
             CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
             try {
                 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                 if (entity != null) {
                     System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
                     System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));
                     System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
                 }
             } finally {
                 response.close();
             }
         } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
             e1.printStackTrace();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } finally {
             // 關閉連接,釋放資源
             try {
                 httpclient.close();
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         }
     }

     /**
      * 發送 get請求
      */
     public void get() {
         CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
         try {
             // 創建httpget.
             HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");
             System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
             // 執行get請求.
             CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
             try {
                 // 獲取響應實體
                 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                 System.out.println("--------------------------------------");
                 // 打印響應狀態
                 System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
                 if (entity != null) {
                     // 打印響應內容長度
                     System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
                     // 打印響應內容
                     System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
                 }
                 System.out.println("------------------------------------");
             } finally {
                 response.close();
             }
         } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (ParseException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } finally {
             // 關閉連接,釋放資源
             try {
                 httpclient.close();
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         }
     }

     /**
      * 上傳文件
      */
     public void upload() {
         CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
         try {
             HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");

             FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));
             StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);

             HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();

             httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);

             System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
             CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
             try {
                 System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
                 System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
                 HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
                 if (resEntity != null) {
                     System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());
                 }
                 EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);
             } finally {
                 response.close();
             }
         } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         } finally {
             try {
                 httpclient.close();
             } catch (IOException e) {
                 e.printStackTrace();
             }
         }
     }
 }</namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair></namevaluepair>