通過shell腳本，判斷172.16.60.0/24網絡里，當前在線的ip有哪些？能ping通則認為在線。
[root@python2 ~]# cat /tmp/ip.sh
#!/bin/bash
for i in $(seq 1 254) #這一行或者換成"for i in {1..254}"
do
IP=172.16.60.${i}
ping -c2 ${IP} >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? = 0 ];then
echo "${IP} is online!"
else
echo "${IP} is failed"
fi
done
執行腳本：
[root@python2 ~]# sh /tmp/ip.sh
172.16.60.1 is online!
172.16.60.2 is failed
172.16.60.3 is failed
172.16.60.4 is failed
......
案例一：單純地對某些ip進行ping監控
[root@test opt]# cat /opt/hosts_ip_list
192.168.10.10
192.168.10.11
192.168.10.12
192.168.10.13
192.168.10.14
192.168.10.15
192.168.10.16
192.168.10.17
[root@test opt]# cat /opt/hosts_ip_monit.sh
#!/bin/bash
for ip in $(cat /opt/hosts_ip_list)
do
ping -c 1 $ip &>/dev/null #ping 3次，當3次ping都失敗時，則判定此ip網絡通信失敗。
a=$?
sleep 2
ping -c 1 $ip &>/dev/null
b=$?
sleep 2
ping -c 1 $ip &>/dev/null
c=$?
sleep 2
DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
if [ $a -ne 0 -a $b -ne 0 -a $c -ne 0 ];then
echo -e "Date : $DATE\nHost : $ip\nProblem : Ping is failed."
/bin/sed -i 's/^'$ip'/'#$ip'/g' /etc/hosts
else
echo "$ip ping is successful."
/bin/sed -i 's/^'#$ip'/'$ip'/g' /etc/hosts
fi
done
[root@test opt]# chmod 755 /opt/hosts_ip_monit.sh
[root@test opt]# sh /opt/hosts_ip_monit.sh
Date : 2018-04-24 15:49
Host : 192.168.10.10
Problem : Ping is failed.
Date : 2018-04-24 15:50
Host : 192.168.10.11
Problem : Ping is failed.
192.168.10.12 ping is successful.
192.168.10.13 ping is successful.
192.168.10.14 ping is successful.
192.168.10.15 ping is successful.
192.168.10.16 ping is successful.
Date : 2018-04-24 15:51
Host : 192.168.10.17
Problem : Ping is failed.
案例二：對/etc/hosts列表里的ip映射關系進行ping監控報警
測試系統服務器需要訪問域名www.test.com，該域名解析的DNS地址有很多個，需要在測試系統服務器上的做host綁定。在/etc/hosts文件了做了www.test.com域名的很多綁定，
在域名解析時，會從host綁定配置里從上到下匹配，如果上面綁定的ip不通，則域名解析就會失敗，不會主動去解析到下一個綁定的地址，除非將這個不通的ip綁定注釋掉或刪除掉。
現在要求：
當/etc/hosts文件里綁定的ip出現故障，ping不通的時候，將該ip的綁定自動注釋，並發出郵件報警；如果該ip恢復了正常通信，將自動打開該ip的綁定設置。
[root@cx-app01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
#192.168.10.10 www.test.com
#192.168.10.11 www.test.com
192.168.10.12 www.test.com
192.168.10.13 www.test.com
192.168.10.14 www.test.com
192.168.10.15 www.test.com
192.168.10.16 www.test.com
#192.168.10.17 www.test.com
[root@cx-app01 ~]# ping www.test.com
PING www.test.com (192.168.10.12) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from www.test.com (192.168.10.12): icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=31.1 ms
64 bytes from www.test.com (192.168.10.12): icmp_seq=2 ttl=50 time=30.7 ms
64 bytes from www.test.com (192.168.10.12): icmp_seq=3 ttl=50 time=30.8 ms
.......
[root@cx-app01 ~]# cat /opt/hosts_ip_list
192.168.10.10
192.168.10.11
192.168.10.12
192.168.10.13
192.168.10.14
192.168.10.15
192.168.10.16
192.168.10.17
[root@cx-app01 ~]# cat /opt/hosts_ip_monit.sh
#!/bin/bash
for ip in $(cat /opt/hosts_ip_list)
do
ping -c 1 $ip &>/dev/null
a=$?
sleep 2
ping -c 1 $ip &>/dev/null
b=$?
sleep 2
ping -c 1 $ip &>/dev/null
c=$?
sleep 2
DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
if [ $a -ne 0 -a $b -ne 0 -a $c -ne 0 ];then
echo -e "Date : $DATE\nHost : $ip\nProblem : Ping is failed."
cat /etc/hosts|grep "^#$ip"
d=$?
if [ $d -ne 0 ];then
/bin/bash /opt/sendemail.sh zhangsan@test.com "測試系統跟www.test.com通信情況" "$HOSTNAME跟$ip連接失敗，現已在/etc/hosts文件里注釋掉該ip的映射關系"
/bin/bash /opt/sendemail.sh lisi@test.com "測試系統跟www.test.com通信情況" "$HOSTNAME跟$ip連接失敗，現已在/etc/hosts文件里注釋掉該ip的映射關系"
/bin/bash /opt/sendemail.sh liuwu@test.com "測試系統跟www.test.com通信情況" "$HOSTNAME跟$ip連接失敗，現已在/etc/hosts文件里注釋掉該ip的映射關系"
/bin/sed -i 's/^'$ip'/'#$ip'/g' /etc/hosts
else
echo "$ip is not conneted，and it has been done"
fi
else
echo "$ip ping is successful."
cat /etc/hosts|grep "^#$ip"
f=$?
if [ $f -eq 0 ];then
/bin/bash /opt/sendemail.sh zhangsan@test.com "測試系統跟www.test.com通信情況" "$HOSTNAME跟$ip連接成功，現已在/etc/hosts文件里恢復該ip的映射關系"
/bin/bash /opt/sendemail.sh lisi@test.com "測試系統跟www.test.com通信情況" "$HOSTNAME跟$ip連接成功，現已在/etc/hosts文件里恢復該ip的映射關系"
/bin/bash /opt/sendemail.sh liuwu@test.com "測試系統跟www.test.com通信情況" "$HOSTNAME跟$ip連接成功，現已在/etc/hosts文件里恢復該ip的映射關系"
/bin/sed -i 's/^'#$ip'/'$ip'/g' /etc/hosts
else
echo "$ip connection has been restored"
fi
fi
done
采用sendemail進行郵件告警發送，sendemail部署參考：http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5961861.html
[root@cx-app01 ~]# cat /opt/sendemail.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Filename: SendEmail.sh
# Notes: 使用sendEmail
#
# 腳本的日志文件
LOGFILE="/tmp/Email.log"
:>"$LOGFILE"
exec 1>"$LOGFILE"
exec 2>&1
SMTP_server='smtp.test.com'
username='monit@test.com'
password='monit@123'
from_email_address='monit@test.com'
to_email_address="$1"
message_subject_utf8="$2"
message_body_utf8="$3"
# 轉換郵件標題為GB2312，解決郵件標題含有中文，收到郵件顯示亂碼的問題。
message_subject_gb2312=`iconv -t GB2312 -f UTF-8 << EOF
$message_subject_utf8
EOF`
[ $? -eq 0 ] && message_subject="$message_subject_gb2312" || message_subject="$message_subject_utf8"
# 轉換郵件內容為GB2312，解決收到郵件內容亂碼
message_body_gb2312=`iconv -t GB2312 -f UTF-8 << EOF
$message_body_utf8
EOF`
[ $? -eq 0 ] && message_body="$message_body_gb2312" || message_body="$message_body_utf8"
# 發送郵件
sendEmail='/usr/local/bin/sendEmail'
set -x
$sendEmail -s "$SMTP_server" -xu "$username" -xp "$password" -f "$from_email_address" -t "$to_email_address" -u "$message_subject" -m "$message_body" -o message-content-type=text -o message-charset=gb2312
每10分鍾定時執行該監控腳本
[root@cx-app01 ~]# crontab -l
*/10 * * * * /bin/bash -x /opt/hosts_ip_monit.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
案例三：通過nc工具對/etc/hosts列表里的ip的443端口跟本機通信是否正常進行探測
案例二是針對ping編寫的監控腳本，下面介紹下利用nc探測端口通信是否正常的腳本：
探測本機對下面/etc/hosts文件里的ip地址的443端口通信是否正常，如果通信失敗，則發出報警，並在/etc/hosts文件里注釋掉該ip地址的綁定關系。
如果注釋掉的ip的443端口跟本機恢復了通信，則去掉/etc/hosts文件里該ip的注釋！
[root@cx-app01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
192.168.10.201 www.test.com
192.168.10.205 www.test.com
192.168.10.17 www.test.com
192.168.10.85 www.test.com
192.168.10.176 www.test.com
192.168.10.245 www.test.com
192.168.10.25 www.test.com
192.168.10.47 www.test.com
[root@cx-app01 ~]# cat /opt/hosts_ip_list
192.168.10.201
192.168.10.205
192.168.10.17
192.168.10.85
192.168.10.176
192.168.10.245
192.168.10.25
192.168.10.47
采用nc工具去探測端口是否正常通信（yum install -y nc）
[root@cx-app01 ~]# /usr/bin/nc -z -w 10 192.168.10.201 443
Connection to 192.168.10.201 443 port [tcp/https] succeeded!
針對上面ip列表里的地址，進行批量ip的443端口通信的探測。腳本如下：
[root@cx-app01 ~]# cat /opt/host_ip_nc_monit.sh
#!/bin/bash
for ip in $(cat /opt/hosts_ip_list)
do
echo -e "Date : $DATE\nHost : $ip\nProblem : Port 443 is connected."
cat /etc/hosts|grep "^#$ip"
a=$?
if [ $a -ne 0 ];then
/usr/bin/nc -z -w 10 $ip 443
b=$?
if [ $b -ne 0 ];then
/bin/bash /opt/sendemail.sh wangshibo@test.com "測試系統跟www.test.com通信情況" "$HOSTNAME跟$ip的443端口連接失敗，現已在/etc/hosts文件里注釋掉該ip的映射關系"
/bin/bash /opt/sendemail.sh linan@test.com "測試系統跟www.test.com通信情況" "$HOSTNAME跟$ip的443端口連接失敗，現已在/etc/hosts文件里注釋掉該ip的映射關系"
/bin/sed -i 's/^'$ip'/'#$ip'/g' /etc/hosts
else
echo "$HOSTNAME跟$ip的443端口正常連接"
fi
else
/usr/bin/nc -z -w 10 $ip 443
c=$?
if [ $c -eq 0 ];then
/bin/bash /opt/sendemail.sh wangshibo@test.com "測試系統跟www.test.com通信情況" "$HOSTNAME跟$ip的443端口連接成功，現已在/etc/hosts文件里恢復該ip的映射關系"
/bin/bash /opt/sendemail.sh linan@test.com "測試系統跟www.test.com通信情況" "$HOSTNAME跟$ip的443端口連接成功，現已在/etc/hosts文件里恢復該ip的映射關系"
/bin/sed -i 's/^'#$ip'/'$ip'/g' /etc/hosts
else
echo "$HOSTNAME跟$ip的443端口連接失敗"
fi
fi
done
給腳本賦權
[root@cx-app01 ~]# chmod 755 /opt/host_ip_nc_monit.sh
執行腳本：
[root@cx-app01 ~]# sh /opt/host_ip_nc_monit.sh
Date :
Host : 192.168.10.201
Problem : Port 443 is connected.
Connection to 192.168.10.201 443 port [tcp/https] succeeded!
cx-app01.veredholdings.cn跟192.168.10.201的443端口正常連接
Date :
Host : 192.168.10.205
Problem : Port 443 is connected.
Connection to 192.168.10.205 443 port [tcp/https] succeeded!
cx-app01.veredholdings.cn跟192.168.10.205的443端口正常連接
Date :
Host : 192.168.10.17
Problem : Port 443 is connected.
Connection to 192.168.10.17 443 port [tcp/https] succeeded!
cx-app01.veredholdings.cn跟192.168.10.17的443端口正常連接
Date :
Host : 192.168.10.85
Problem : Port 443 is connected.
Connection to 192.168.10.85 443 port [tcp/https] succeeded!
cx-app01.veredholdings.cn跟192.168.10.85的443端口正常連接
Date :
Host : 192.168.10.176
Problem : Port 443 is connected.
Connection to 192.168.10.176 443 port [tcp/https] succeeded!
cx-app01.veredholdings.cn跟192.168.10.176的443端口正常連接
Date :
Host : 192.168.10.245
Problem : Port 443 is connected.
Connection to 192.168.10.245 443 port [tcp/https] succeeded!
cx-app01.veredholdings.cn跟192.168.10.245的443端口正常連接
Date :
Host : 192.168.10.25
Problem : Port 443 is connected.
Connection to 192.168.10.25 443 port [tcp/https] succeeded!
cx-app01.veredholdings.cn跟192.168.10.25的443端口正常連接
Date :
Host : 192.168.10.47
Problem : Port 443 is connected.
Connection to 192.168.10.47 443 port [tcp/https] succeeded!
cx-app01.veredholdings.cn跟192.168.10.47的443端口正常連接
結合crontab進行計划任務
[root@cx-app01 ~]# crontab -l
*/10 * * * * /bin/bash -x /opt/host_ip_nc_monit.sh > /dev/null 2>&1