Java JDBC Thin Driver 連接 Oracle 三種方法說明

一.JDBC 連接Oracle 說明

 

JDBC 的應用連接Oracle 遇到問題，錯誤如下：

 

ORA-12505,TNS:listener does not currently know of SID given in connect descriptor TheConnection descriptor used by the client was。

 

我在DB 層面配置了靜態注冊，並且GLOBAL_DBNAME和SID_NAME 不一樣，以往的配置都是一樣的，所以沒有發現這個問題。

 

   (SID_DESC =

 

     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dave)

 

         (ORACLE_HOME =D:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)

 

     (SID_NAME = NEWCCS)

 

    )

 

Oracle Listener 動態注冊 與 靜態注冊

 

/database/201302/187441.html

在網上google 了一下，發現JDBC Thin Driver 的formats 有三種格式：

 

格式一:  Oracle JDBC Thin using a ServiceName: 

 

jdbc:oracle:thin:@//<host>:<port>/<service_name> 

Example: jdbc:oracle:thin:@//192.168.2.1:1521/XE

 

注意這里的格式，@后面有//, 這是與使用SID的主要區別。

 

這種格式是Oracle 推薦的格式，因為對於集群來說，每個節點的SID 是不一樣的，但是SERVICE_NAME 確可以包含所有節點。

 

格式二: Oracle JDBC Thin using an SID: 

 

jdbc:oracle:thin:@<host>:<port>:<SID> 

Example: jdbc:oracle:thin:192.168.2.1:1521:X01A 

 

Note: Support for SID is being phased out. Oracle recommends that users switch over to usingservice names.

 

格式三：Oracle JDBC Thin using a TNSName: 

 

jdbc:oracle:thin:@<TNSName> 

Example: jdbc:oracle:thin:@GL 

 

Note: 

Support for TNSNames was added in the driver release 10.2.0.1

 

二.測試

 

2.1 准備工作：

 

Oracle 是11gR2

Listener.ora
 
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
 
 (SID_LIST =
 
   (SID_DESC =
 
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dave)
 
         (ORACLE_HOME =D:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
 
     (SID_NAME = NEWCCS)
 
    )
 
  )
 
 
 
Tnsnames.ora
 
DVD =
 
 (DESCRIPTION =
 
   (ADDRESS_LIST =
 
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
 
    )
 
   (CONNECT_DATA =
 
     (SERVICE_NAME = dave)
 
    )
 
  )

　　2.2 測試1，使用SID:newccs

import java.sql.*;  
    
public class jdbc {  
    String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:newccs";  
    String theUser = "dave";  
    String thePw = "dave";  
    Connection c = null;  
    Statement conn;  
    ResultSet rs = null;  
    
    public jdbc() {  
       try {  
           Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver").newInstance();  
           c = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, theUser, thePw);  
           conn = c.createStatement();  
       } catch (Exception e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
    }  
    
    public boolean executeUpdate(String sql) {  
       try {  
           conn.executeUpdate(sql);  
           return true;  
       } catch (SQLException e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
           return false;  
       }  
    }  
    
    public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) {  
       rs = null;  
       try {  
           rs = conn.executeQuery(sql);  
       } catch (SQLException e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
       return rs;  
    }  
    
    public void close() {  
       try {  
           conn.close();  
           c.close();  
       } catch (Exception e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
    }  
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
       ResultSet rs;  
       jdbc conn = new jdbc();  
       rs = conn.executeQuery("select * from dave where rownum<5");  
       try {  
           while (rs.next()) {  
              System.out.println(rs.getString("username")+"--"+rs.getString("user_id"));  
           }  
       } catch (Exception e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
    }  
}  
    
---輸出正常：  
MGMT_VIEW--97 
ANQING--94 
DVD--93 
SYSMAN--95 

　　

2.3 使用 service_name：dave

 

將2.2 節的dbUrl 改成如下：

 

String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@//127.0.0.1:1521/dave";

 

輸出結果：

 

MGMT_VIEW--97

 

ANQING--94

 

DVD--93

 

SYSMAN--95

 

如果在11g里遇到如下錯誤：

 

測試運行Java 類，報錯：

 

java.sql.SQLException: The Network Adapter could not establish the connection

 

可以嘗試更換對應的 jdbc connection driver，官網的說明如下：

 

JDBC Thin Driver 11g Causes"Java.Sql.Sqlexception: Io Exception: The Network Adapter Could NotEstablish The Connection" While Connecting to Oracle Database 11g [ID947653.1]

 

Change the JDBC connection driver class inyour application server from:

 

 

oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver

 

to

 

oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver

 

2.4 使用TNS name： dvd

 

String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@dvd";

 

報錯如下：

 

java.sql.SQLException: Unknown host specified

 

該問題是因為JVM 沒有oracle.net.tns_admin的system property。 解決方法有2種：

 

方法一：在啟動VM 時添加如下參數：

 

-Doracle.net.tns_admin=D:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN

方法二：在java 代碼里添加：

 

System.setProperty("oracle.net.tns_admin","D:\\app\\Administrator\\product\\11.2.0\\dbhome_1\\NETWORK\\ADMIN");

 

添加之后，就可以正常在JDBC中使用tnsnama了。

import java.sql.*;  
    
public class jdbc {  
    String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@dvd";  
//  String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@//127.0.0.1:1521/dave";  
//  String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:newccs";  
    String theUser = "dave";  
    String thePw = "dave";  
    Connection c = null;  
    Statement conn;  
    ResultSet rs = null;  
    
    public jdbc() {  
       try {  
       System.setProperty("oracle.net.tns_admin","D:\\app\\Administrator\\product\\11.2.0\\dbhome_1\\NETWORK\\ADMIN");  
           Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver").newInstance();  
//         Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver").newInstance();  
           c = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, theUser, thePw);  
           conn = c.createStatement();  
       } catch (Exception e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
    }  
    
    public boolean executeUpdate(String sql) {  
       try {  
           conn.executeUpdate(sql);  
           return true;  
       } catch (SQLException e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
           return false;  
       }  
    }  
    
    public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) {  
       rs = null;  
       try {  
           rs = conn.executeQuery(sql);  
       } catch (SQLException e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
       return rs;  
    }  
    
    public void close() {  
       try {  
           conn.close();  
           c.close();  
       } catch (Exception e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
    }  
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
       ResultSet rs;  
       jdbc conn = new jdbc();  
       rs = conn.executeQuery("select * from dave where rownum<5");  
       try {  
           while (rs.next()) {  
              System.out.println(rs.getString("username")+"--"+rs.getString("user_id"));  
           }  
       } catch (Exception e) {  
           e.printStackTrace();  
       }  
    }  
}  

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