Django form 表單創建流程
1、創建類，繼承forms.Form
2、頁面根據類的對象自動創建html標簽
3、提交到view.py處理 request.POST
封裝到類的對象里，obj=myform(request.POST)
4、用戶輸入是否合法
obj.is_valid()
5、全部合法，獲取全部內容
all_data=obj.clean()
6、如有有不合法
error=obj.errors
簡單示例：
model創建兩張表，一對多關系：
class Groupname(models.Model):
caption = models.CharField(max_length=30) #不同的職務字段
def __unicode__(self):
return self.caption
class User(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=30)
password = models.CharField(max_length=30)
email = models.EmailField()
city = models.CharField(null=True,max_length=20)
img_url = models.ImageField(null=True,blank=True,upload_to="upload")
#上傳的文件保存到MEDIA_root +upload_to后的路徑
groupname = models.ForeignKey(Groupname)
#User表會自動添加 groupname_id 的一個字段，不會顯示groupname
def __unicode__(self):
return self.username
新增一個myforms.py文件：
import re
from django import forms
from polls import models
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
def email_validate(value): #定義一個郵箱格式匹配函數
email_re = re.compile(r'^.*?@qq\.com$') #非貪婪匹配
if not email_re.match(value):
raise ValidationError('郵箱格式錯誤')
class GroupForm(forms.Form): #定義組表單
Form_caption = forms.CharField(max_length=30,label=u"職務") # 不同的職位字段
class UserForm(forms.Form): #定義用戶注冊的表單
city_list = (
(1, '深圳'),
(2, '成都'),
(3, '北京'),
)
Form_username = forms.CharField(max_length=30,error_messages={'required':u'用戶名不能為空'})
Form_password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput())
Form_email = forms.EmailField(validators=[email_validate,], #使用定義的錯誤規則函數
error_messages={'required': u'郵箱不能為空'},
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",'placeholder':u'您的郵箱'})
)
Form_city = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.Select(choices=city_list))
#從定義好的list中獲取，用戶選擇后，將id傳到后台處理
Form_img = forms.ImageField(required=False) #備注允許為空
Form_groupname_id = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.Select())
#創建groupform字段為下拉選擇框，注意是數字類型，將id傳到后台處理
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(UserForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.fields['Form_groupname_id'].widget.choices = models.Groupname.objects.all().values_list('id', 'caption')
#指定該字段的數據源是從Groupname表中獲取id、caption
view中使用自定義的form表單：
from models import Groupname,User
from myforms import GroupForm,UserForm
def create_groupname(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = GroupForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
all_data = form.clean()
Groupname.objects.create(caption = all_data['caption'])
return HttpResponse("添加成功")
else:
form = GroupForm()
return render(request,'polls/group_add.html',{'form':form})
def create_user(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = UserForm(request.POST,request.FILES) #調用自定義表單
city_list = (
(1, '深圳'),
(2, '成都'),
(3, '北京'),
)
if form.is_valid():
all_data = form.clean() #獲取post數據，例如 {'username': u'yang1', 'usergroup': 1}
User.objects.create(
username = all_data['Form_username'],
password = all_data['Form_password'],
email = all_data['Form_email'],
city = city_list[all_data['Form_city']-1][1],
img_url = form.cleaned_data['Form_img'],
groupname_id = all_data['Form_groupname_id']
)
return HttpResponse("注冊成功")
else:
error = form.errors
form = UserForm()
return render(request, 'polls/user_add.html', {'form':form,'error': error})
else:
form = UserForm()
return render(request,'polls/user_add.html',{'form':form})
user_add.html主要代碼如下：
<body>
<form action="/polls/user" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>用戶名：{{ form.Form_username }}</p>
<p>密碼：{{ form.Form_password }}</p>
<p>郵箱：{{ form.Form_email }}<span>{{ error.Form_email }}</span></p>
<p>居住城市：{{ form.Form_city }}</p>
<p>頭像：{{ form.Form_img }}</p>
<p>職務：{{ form.Form_groupname_id }}</p>
<input type="submit" value="注冊" />
</form>
</body>
group_add.html主要代碼：
<form action="/polls/groupname" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>職務：{{ form.Form_caption }}</p>
<input type="submit" value="添加" />
</form>
效果如下：
http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/user
