通常我們用的比較多的一般都是fdisk工具來進行分區，但是現在由於磁盤越來越廉價，而且磁盤空間越來越大；而fdisk工具他對分區是有大小限制的，它只能划分小於2T的磁盤。但是現在的磁盤空間很多都已經是遠遠大於2T了，甚至達到2.5T和3T，那要怎么辦能，有兩個方法，其一是通過卷管理來實現，其二就是通過我們今天談到的Parted工具來實現對GPT磁盤進行分區操作。
GPT格式的磁盤相當於原來MBR磁盤中原來保留4個partition table的4*16個字節,只留第一個16個字節，類似於擴展分區，真正的partitiontable在512字節之后，GPT磁盤沒有四個主分區的限制。
1、 Parted工具詳解：
1.1 進入Parted的方法（在命令行輸入Parted命令即可）
[root@jetsen ~]# partet
Warning: Unable to open/dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/hdc has been
opened read-only.
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/hdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)
1.2 獲取parted工具幫助的方法：（只需輸入help即可）
(parted) help
check NUMBER do a simple checkon the file system
cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition
help [COMMAND] prints general help,or help on COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel(partition table)
mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE filesystem on partititon
NUMBER
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system
move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER
name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBERas NAME
print [free|NUMBER|all] display the partition table,a partition, or
all devices
quit exit program
rescue START END rescue a lostpartition near START and END
resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER andits file system
rm NUMBER deletepartition NUMBER
select DEVICE choose the deviceto edit
set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG onpartition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG onpartition NUMBER
unit UNIT set the defaultunit to UNIT
version displays thecurrent version of GNU Parted
and copyright information
(parted)
或
[root@jetsen ~]# parted--help
Usage: parted [OPTION]...[DEVICE [COMMAND [PARAMETERS]...]...]
Apply COMMANDs withPARAMETERS to DEVICE. If no COMMAND(s)are given, run in
interactive mode.
OPTIONs:
-h, --help displays this help message
-i, --interactive where necessary, prompts for userintervention
-l, --list lists partition tables ofall detected devices
-s, --script never prompts for userintervention
-v, --version displays the version
COMMANDs:
check NUMBER do a simple checkon the file system
cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition
help [COMMAND] prints general help,or help on COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel(partition table)
mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE filesystem on partititon NUMBER
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system
move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER
name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBERas NAME
print [free|NUMBER|all] display the partition table, apartition, or all devices
quit exitprogram
rescue START END rescue a lostpartition near START and END
resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER andits file system
rm NUMBER deletepartition NUMBER
select DEVICE choose the deviceto edit
set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG onpartition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG onpartition NUMBER
unit UNIT set the defaultunit to UNIT
version displays thecurrent version of GNU Parted and copyright information
[root@jetsen ~]#
1.3 退出parted工具（只需輸入quit即可）
(parted) quit
Information: Don't forget toupdate /etc/fstab, if necessary.
並且同時會提示及時更新/etc/fstab文件
2、 開始通過parted工具來對磁盤進行操作
2.1 查看單個磁盤狀態
[root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb:16.1GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 16.1GB 16.1GB primary ext3
(parted)
2.2 查看所有磁盤狀態
[root@jetsen ~]#parted -l
Warning: Unable toopen /dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/hdc has been
opened read-only.
Error: Unable toopen /dev/hdc - unrecognised disk label.
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda:21.5GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 107MB 107MB primary ext3 boot
2 107MB 21.5GB 21.4GB primary lvm
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb:16.1GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 16.1GB 16.1GB primary ext3
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc:16.1GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00kB 16.1GB 16.1GB ext3
Error: Unable toopen /dev/sdd - unrecognised disk label.
Error: Unable toopen /dev/sde - unrecognised disk label.
Error: Unable toopen /dev/md0 - unrecognised disk label.
2.2 通過parted工具來創建大於2T的分區
[root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sde
GNU Parted 1.8.1 ---Parted的軟件版本號
Using /dev/sde ---將執行下面操作盤
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. –歡迎信息
(parted) mklabel ----創建創建磁盤標簽
New disk labeltype? gpt
(parted) p ----查看分區狀態
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde:2190GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) mkpart
Partition name? []? gpt2t ---指定分區名稱
File system type? [ext2]ext3 ----指定分區類型
Start? 1 ---指定開始位置
End? 2190GB ---指定結束位置
(parted) P ----顯示分區信息
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 2190GB 2190GB gpt2t
(parted) Q ---退出
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary. -----提示不要忘記更新/etc/fstab文件
2.3 通過parted工具來實現單磁盤多分區
[root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sdd
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p ---列出分區信息
Error:Unable to open /dev/sdd - unrecognised disk label. ----由於沒有打上磁盤標簽，所以表現信息無法列出
(parted)mklabel ----創建磁盤標簽
New disk labeltype? gpt ---輸入磁盤表情名
(parted) p ----再次列出磁盤分區
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi) ---顯示磁盤類型為SCSI磁盤
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB ---磁盤大小為1100GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B ---扇區大小為512B
Partition Table:gpt ----顯示標簽名為我剛才輸入的標簽名稱
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ----現在是一新硬盤還沒有創建分區
(parted)mkpart ---創建分區
Partitionname? []? part1 ---指定分區名稱
File systemtype? [ext2]? ext2 ---定義分區類型
Start? 1G ---指定起始位置
End? 10G ----指定終止位置
(parted)mkpart ---創建分區
Partitionname? []? part2 ---指定分區名稱
File systemtype? [ext2]? ext2 ---定義分區類型
Start? 11G ---指定起始位置
End? 100G ---指定終止位置
(parted)mkpart
Partitionname? []? part3
File systemtype? [ext2]?
Start? 101G ----指定分區其實位置
End? -1 ----指定到分區最后
(parted) p ----顯示分區信息
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB
Sector size (logical/physical):512B/512B
Partition Table:gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ---查看到下面共有三個分區
1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1
2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB part2
3 100GB 1100GB 1000GB part3
(parted) rm 3 ------刪除分區3
(parted) p ------再次查看分區狀態
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags ----顯示分區刪除成功，只剩下兩個分區
1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1
2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB part2
(parted) quit
Information: Don'tforget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.
[root@jetsen ~]#ls -l /dev/sdd*
brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 48 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd
brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 49 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd1
brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 50 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd2
[root@jetsen ~]#
2.3 通過parted工具來刪除分區
[root@jetsen ~]# parted /dev/sde
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sde
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 2190GB 2190GB gpt2t
(parted) rm 1 ----刪除分1號分區
(parted) p ----顯示分區信息，看如下是沒有分區的
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) q
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.
[root@jetsen ~]#
2.4 通過parted工具來創建文件系統
[root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sdd -----選擇要格式化的磁盤
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mkfs 2ext3 ----格式化的類型為ext3分區號為2-
Warning: Theexisting file system will be destroyed and all data on the partition will
be lost. Do youwant to continue?
parted: invalidtoken: 2
Yes/No? yes ----再次確認是否格式化
Partition number?2 -----再次輸入磁盤分區號
File system? [ext2]? ----格式化的類型
(parted)
查看格式化是否成功：
(parted) p -----查看文件系統是否被格式化
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1
2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB ext2 part2 -------可以看到文件系統類型為ext2，可確定文件系統已經被格式化了。
(parted)
掛載剛才格式化后的文件系統
[root@jetsen ~]#cd / -----退到根目錄
[root@jetsen /]#mkdir part2 -----創建part目錄
[root@jetsen /]#mount /dev/sdd2 /part2 -----將/dev/sdd2掛載到/part2
[root@jetsen /]#df –h -----查看分區信息
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
18G 5.8G 11G 35% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 506M 4.0K 506M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sdd2 83G 52K 79G 1% /part2 ------可以看到已經被掛載上來
[root@jetsen /]#cd /part2
[root@jetsenpart2]# mkdir 1111 ------並且可以訪問
[root@jetsenpart2]# ls
1111 lost+found
[root@jetsen part2]#
刪除和恢復分區
[root@jetsen /]#umount /dev/sdd2 ----卸載分區
[root@jetsen /]#parted /dev/sdd ---通過parted選擇/dev/sdd磁盤進入操作
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) rm 2 ------刪除磁盤分區
(parted) rescue -------對磁盤分區進行恢復
Start? 10G
End? 100G
Information: A ext2 primary partitionwas found at 10.0GB -> 100GB. Do youwant to add
it to the partition table?
Yes/No/Cancel? Yes ----告訴
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 1100GB
Sector size (logical/physical):512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 10.0GB 10000MB part1
2 10.0GB 100GB 90.0GB ext2
(parted)
[root@jetsen/]# cd /part2 ----神奇吧，數據也被恢復回來了
[root@jetsenpart2]# ls
1111 lost+found
2.6 通過parted工具來驗證和維護文件系統及分區。
驗證文件系統的完整性：
(parted)check 1
Error:File system was not cleanly unmounted! You should run e2fsck. Modifyingan
uncleanfile system could cause severe corruption.
Ignore/Cancel?ignore
Information:The ext2 file system passed a basic check. For a more comprehensive check,
use thee2fsck program.
(parted)