Spring 環境與profile(一)——超簡用例

什么是profile,為什么需要profile?

在開發時，不同環境（開發、聯調、預發、正式等）所需的配置不同導致，如果每改變一個環境就更改配置不但麻煩（修改代碼、重新構建）而且容易出錯。Spring提供了解決方案。

方法一：配置profile bean

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {

  //Spring 引入@Profile 制定某個bean屬於哪個profile
  //在方法級別上使用@Profile注解
  @Bean
  @Profile("dev")
  public DataSource embeddedDataSource() {
    return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
        .setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)
        .addScript("classpath:schema.sql")
        .addScript("classpath:dev-data.sql")
        .build();
  }

  @Bean
  @Profile("prod")
  public DataSource embeddedDataSourceDev() {
    return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
            .setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)
            .addScript("classpath:schema.sql")
            .addScript("classpath:prod-data.sql")
            .build();
  }
}

在同一個類的不同方法上使用@Profile注解與@Bean一起使用

方法二：在XML中配置bean

與方法一等價的方式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
  xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
  xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

  <beans profile="dev">
    <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2">
      <jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" />
      <jdbc:script location="classpath:dev-data.sql" />
    </jdbc:embedded-database>
  </beans>

  <beans profile="prod">
    <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2">
      <jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" />
      <jdbc:script location="classpath:prod-data.sql" />
    </jdbc:embedded-database>
  </beans>
</beans>

激活profile

Spring在確定哪個profile處於激活狀態時，需要依賴兩個獨立屬性：sping.profiles.active和spring.profiles.default。Spring提供了@ActiveProfiles用來指定運行測試時要激活哪個profile,如果沒有指定sping.profiles.active，會采用spring.profiles.default的默認值。

測試

package profiles;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import com.myapp.DataSourceConfig;

public class DataSourceConfigTest {

  @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
  @ContextConfiguration(classes=DataSourceConfig.class)
  @ActiveProfiles("dev")
  public static class DevDataSourceTest {
    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;

    @Test
    public void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {
      assertNotNull(dataSource);
      JdbcTemplate jdbc = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
      List<String> results = jdbc.query("select id, name from Things", new RowMapper<String>() {
        @Override
        public String mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
          return rs.getLong("id") + ":" + rs.getString("name");
        }
      });

      assertEquals(1, results.size());
      assertEquals("1:A", results.get(0));
    }
  }

  @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
  @ContextConfiguration("classpath:datasource-config.xml")
  @ActiveProfiles("prod")
  public static class ProductionDataSourceTest_XMLConfig {
    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;

    @Test
    public void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {
      assertNotNull(dataSource);
      JdbcTemplate jdbc = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
      List<String> results = jdbc.query("select id, name from Things", new RowMapper<String>() {
        @Override
        public String mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
          return rs.getLong("id") + ":" + rs.getString("name");
        }
      });

      assertEquals(1, results.size());
      assertEquals("1:B", results.get(0));
    }
  }

}

代碼

地址