@RequestBody 和@ResponseBody 注解詳解


簡介:

@RequestBody

作用: 

      i) 該注解用於讀取Request請求的body部分數據,使用系統默認配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析,然后把相應的數據綁定到要返回的對象上;

      ii) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對象數據綁定到 controller中方法的參數上。

使用時機:

A) GET、POST方式提時, 根據request header Content-Type的值來判斷:

  •     application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 可選(即非必須,因為這種情況的數據@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也可以處理,當然@RequestBody也能處理);
  •     multipart/form-data, 不能處理(即使用@RequestBody不能處理這種格式的數據);
  •     其他格式, 必須(其他格式包括application/json, application/xml等。這些格式的數據,必須使用@RequestBody來處理);

B) PUT方式提交時, 根據request header Content-Type的值來判斷:

  •     application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 必須;
  •     multipart/form-data, 不能處理;
  •     其他格式, 必須;

說明:request的body部分的數據編碼格式由header部分的Content-Type指定;

@ResponseBody

作用: 

      該注解用於將Controller的方法返回的對象,通過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換為指定格式后,寫入到Response對象的body數據區。

使用時機:

      返回的數據不是html標簽的頁面,而是其他某種格式的數據時(如json、xml等)使用;

HttpMessageConverter(HTTP消息轉化器)

 

 1 * Strategy interface that specifies a converter that can convert from and to HTTP requests and responses.  
 2  *  
 3  * @author Arjen Poutsma  
 4  * @author Juergen Hoeller  
 5  * @since 3.0  
 6  */  
 7 public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> {  
 8   
 9     /** 
10      * Indicates whether the given class can be read by this converter. 
11      * @param clazz the class to test for readability 
12      * @param mediaType the media type to read, can be {@code null} if not specified. 
13      * Typically the value of a {@code Content-Type} header. 
14      * @return {@code true} if readable; {@code false} otherwise 
15      */  
16     boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);  
17   
18     /** 
19      * Indicates whether the given class can be written by this converter. 
20      * @param clazz the class to test for writability 
21      * @param mediaType the media type to write, can be {@code null} if not specified. 
22      * Typically the value of an {@code Accept} header. 
23      * @return {@code true} if writable; {@code false} otherwise 
24      */  
25     boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);  
26   
27     /** 
28      * Return the list of {@link MediaType} objects supported by this converter. 
29      * @return the list of supported media types 
30      */  
31     List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes();  
32   
33     /** 
34      * Read an object of the given type form the given input message, and returns it. 
35      * @param clazz the type of object to return. This type must have previously been passed to the 
36      * {@link #canRead canRead} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}. 
37      * @param inputMessage the HTTP input message to read from 
38      * @return the converted object 
39      * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors 
40      * @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException in case of conversion errors 
41      */  
42     T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)  
43             throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException;  
44   
45     /** 
46      * Write an given object to the given output message. 
47      * @param t the object to write to the output message. The type of this object must have previously been 
48      * passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}. 
49      * @param contentType the content type to use when writing. May be {@code null} to indicate that the 
50      * default content type of the converter must be used. If not {@code null}, this media type must have 
51      * previously been passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have 
52      * returned {@code true}. 
53      * @param outputMessage the message to write to 
54      * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors 
55      * @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException in case of conversion errors 
56      */  
57     void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)  
58             throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException;  
59   
60 }  

 

該接口定義了四個方法,分別是讀取數據時的 canRead(), read() 和 寫入數據時的canWrite(), write()方法。

 

在使用 <mvc:annotation-driven />標簽配置時,默認配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(注意是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,詳情查看Spring 3.1 document “16.14 Configuring Spring MVC”章節),並為他配置了一下默認的HttpMessageConverter:

 

 1   ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter converts byte arrays.  
 2   
 3     StringHttpMessageConverter converts strings.  
 4   
 5     ResourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from org.springframework.core.io.Resource for all media types.  
 6   
 7     SourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from a javax.xml.transform.Source.  
 8   
 9     FormHttpMessageConverter converts form data to/from a MultiValueMap<String, String>.  
10   
11     Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter converts Java objects to/from XML — added if JAXB2 is present on the classpath.  
12   
13     MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter converts to/from JSON — added if Jackson is present on the classpath.  
14   
15     AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter converts Atom feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath.  
16   
17     RssChannelHttpMessageConverter converts RSS feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath.  

 

 1 ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取二進制格式的數據和寫出二進制格式的數據;  
 2   
 3 StringHttpMessageConverter:   負責讀取字符串格式的數據和寫出二進制格式的數據;  
 4   
 5   
 6 ResourceHttpMessageConverter:負責讀取資源文件和寫出資源文件數據;   
 7   
 8 FormHttpMessageConverter:       負責讀取form提交的數據(能讀取的數據格式為 application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能讀取multipart/form-data格式數據);負責寫入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的數據;  
 9   
10   
11 MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter:  負責讀取和寫入json格式的數據;  
12   
13  
14 SouceHttpMessageConverter:           負責讀取和寫入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定義的數據;  
15   
16 Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter:  負責讀取和寫入xml 標簽格式的數據;  
17   
18   
19 AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter:          負責讀取和寫入Atom格式的數據;  
20   
21 RssChannelHttpMessageConverter:        負責讀取和寫入RSS格式的數據;  
22   
23   
24 當使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody注解時,RequestMappingHandlerAdapter就使用它們來進行讀取或者寫入相應格式的數據

HttpMessageConverter匹配過程:

@RequestBody注解時: 根據Request對象header部分的Content-Type類型,逐一匹配合適的HttpMessageConverter來讀取數據;

spring 3.1源代碼如下:

 1 private Object readWithMessageConverters(MethodParameter methodParam, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, Class paramType)  
 2             throws Exception {  
 3   
 4         MediaType contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();  
 5         if (contentType == null) {  
 6             StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(ClassUtils.getShortName(methodParam.getParameterType()));  
 7             String paramName = methodParam.getParameterName();  
 8             if (paramName != null) {  
 9                 builder.append(' ');  
10                 builder.append(paramName);  
11             }  
12             throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(  
13                     "Cannot extract parameter (" + builder.toString() + "): no Content-Type found");  
14         }  
15   
16         List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>();  
17         if (this.messageConverters != null) {  
18             for (HttpMessageConverter<?> messageConverter : this.messageConverters) {  
19                 allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());  
20                 if (messageConverter.canRead(paramType, contentType)) {  
21                     if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {  
22                         logger.debug("Reading [" + paramType.getName() + "] as \"" + contentType  
23                                 +"\" using [" + messageConverter + "]");  
24                     }  
25                     return messageConverter.read(paramType, inputMessage);  
26                 }  
27             }  
28         }  
29         throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, allSupportedMediaTypes);  
30     } 

 

@ResponseBody注解時: 根據Request對象header部分的Accept屬性(逗號分隔),逐一按accept中的類型,去遍歷找到能處理的HttpMessageConverter;

源代碼如下:

 

 1 private void writeWithMessageConverters(Object returnValue,  
 2                 HttpInputMessage inputMessage, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)  
 3                 throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException {  
 4             List<MediaType> acceptedMediaTypes = inputMessage.getHeaders().getAccept();  
 5             if (acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {  
 6                 acceptedMediaTypes = Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);  
 7             }  
 8             MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes);  
 9             Class<?> returnValueType = returnValue.getClass();  
10             List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>();  
11             if (getMessageConverters() != null) {  
12                 for (MediaType acceptedMediaType : acceptedMediaTypes) {  
13                     for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : getMessageConverters()) {  
14                         if (messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType, acceptedMediaType)) {  
15                             messageConverter.write(returnValue, acceptedMediaType, outputMessage);  
16                             if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {  
17                                 MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();  
18                                 if (contentType == null) {  
19                                     contentType = acceptedMediaType;  
20                                 }  
21                                 logger.debug("Written [" + returnValue + "] as \"" + contentType +  
22                                         "\" using [" + messageConverter + "]");  
23                             }  
24                             this.responseArgumentUsed = true;  
25                             return;  
26                         }  
27                     }  
28                 }  
29                 for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : messageConverters) {  
30                     allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());  
31                 }  
32             }  
33             throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes);  
34         } 

 

 

補充:

MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter 調用了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)方法,使用@ResponseBody注解返回的對象就傳入Object參數內。若返回的對象為已經格式化好的json串時,不使用@RequestBody注解,而應該這樣處理:
1、response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
2、response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);
直接輸出到body區,然后的視圖為void。

 

參考資料:

1、 Spring 3.1 Doc: 

spring-3.1.0/docs/spring-framework-reference/html/mvc.html

2、Spring 3.x MVC 入門4 -- @ResponseBody & @RequestBody

轉載地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/qq78292959/p/3760651.html

ok 上面講解了實現的過程,簡單的可以理解為只要有對應協議的解析器,你就可以通過幾行配置,幾個注解完成協議——對象的轉換工作。

注意:Spring默認的json協議解析由Jackson完成,所以要添加jackson.jar包。

使用@ResponseBody  帶來的好處就是由spring 將協議轉化為對象,不用我們自己再去轉化 同樣@RequestBody也是,比如我們在前台傳遞了參數而controller中使用@RequestBody 則可以直接獲得pojo對象,不用我們再去獲取參數,組裝對象。

下面看看小demo

 

1、前端代碼post提交:

 

 1 function profilep() {  
 2         // 組裝json格式數據  
 3         var mydata = '{"name":"' + $('#name').val() + '","id":"'  
 4                 + $('#id').val() + '","password":"' + $('#password').val()  
 5                 + '"}';  
 6         $.ajaxSetup({  
 7             contentType : 'application/json'  
 8         });   
 9         $.post('http://localhost:18080/website2/user/save2.do', mydata,  
10                 function(data) {  
11                     alert("id: " + data.id + "\nname: " + data.name  
12                             + "\password: " + data.password);  
13                 }, 'json');  
14     } 

 

2、后台代碼:

 

 1 @ResponseBody  
 2 @RequestMapping(value = "/save2.do"  ,method = RequestMethod.POST)  
 3 // 知己接收對象,因@RequestBody spring 幫我們處理了 協議到對象的這個過程  
 4 public User info2(@RequestBody User user) {  
 5     String id = user.getId();  
 6     String name = user.getName();  
 7     String password = user.getPassword();  
 8     Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();  
 9     map.put("id", id);  
10     map.put("name", name);  
11     map.put("password", password);  
12     userService.saveUser(map);  
13     User user2= new User(id,name,password);  
14     // 直接返回對象,因@ResponseBody spring 會幫我們處理對象和協議之間的轉化  
15     return user2;  
16     }  

 

3、上面兩個都是post方法其實get方法也是一樣的:

 前端代碼:

 

 1 function profile() {  
 2     var url = 'http://localhost:18080/website2/user/save.do?';  
 3     var query = 'id=' + $('#id').val() + '&name=' + $('#name').val()  
 4             + '&password=' + $('#password').val();  
 5     url += query;  
 6     $.get(url, function(data) {  
 7         alert("id: " + data.id + "\nname: " + data.name + "\nstatus: "  
 8                 + data.password);  
 9     });  
10 } 

 

后台代碼:

 

 1 @ResponseBody  
 2 @RequestMapping(value = "/save.do"  ,method = RequestMethod.GET)  
 3 public User info(HttpServletRequest request) {  
 4     String id = request.getParameter("id");  
 5     String name = request.getParameter("name");  
 6     String password = request.getParameter("password");  
 7     Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();  
 8     map.put("id", id);  
 9     map.put("name", name);  
10     map.put("password", password);  
11     userService.saveUser(map);  
12     User user= new User(id,name,password);  
13     return user;  
14     } 

 

上面的$.get方法是使用GET方式進行異步請求。$.post方法使用POST方式來進行異步請求。

$.get 、$.post 方法的格式相同,這里就以$.get為列:

$.get(url [, data] [, callback] [, type])

url:請求的HTML頁的URL地址

data(可選):發送至服務器的key/value數據會未為QueryString附加到請求URL中

callback(可選):載入成功時回調函數(即當Response的返回狀態為success才調用)自動將請求結果和狀態傳遞給該方法

type(可選):服務器端返回內容的格式,包括xml,html,script,json,text和_default.

 

這個格式通過上面的post方法和get方法可以看到,像post的那個方法就比較完整!

 

本文轉自:http://www.cnblogs.com/caoyc/p/5644730.html


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