簡介:
@RequestBody
作用:
i) 該注解用於讀取Request請求的body部分數據,使用系統默認配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析,然后把相應的數據綁定到要返回的對象上;
ii) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對象數據綁定到 controller中方法的參數上。
使用時機:
A) GET、POST方式提時, 根據request header Content-Type的值來判斷:
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 可選(即非必須,因為這種情況的數據@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也可以處理,當然@RequestBody也能處理);
- multipart/form-data, 不能處理(即使用@RequestBody不能處理這種格式的數據);
- 其他格式, 必須(其他格式包括application/json, application/xml等。這些格式的數據,必須使用@RequestBody來處理);
B) PUT方式提交時, 根據request header Content-Type的值來判斷:
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 必須;
- multipart/form-data, 不能處理;
- 其他格式, 必須;
說明:request的body部分的數據編碼格式由header部分的Content-Type指定;
@ResponseBody
作用:
該注解用於將Controller的方法返回的對象,通過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換為指定格式后,寫入到Response對象的body數據區。
使用時機:
返回的數據不是html標簽的頁面,而是其他某種格式的數據時(如json、xml等)使用;
HttpMessageConverter(HTTP消息轉化器)
1 * Strategy interface that specifies a converter that can convert from and to HTTP requests and responses. 2 * 3 * @author Arjen Poutsma 4 * @author Juergen Hoeller 5 * @since 3.0 6 */ 7 public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> { 8 9 /** 10 * Indicates whether the given class can be read by this converter. 11 * @param clazz the class to test for readability 12 * @param mediaType the media type to read, can be {@code null} if not specified. 13 * Typically the value of a {@code Content-Type} header. 14 * @return {@code true} if readable; {@code false} otherwise 15 */ 16 boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType); 17 18 /** 19 * Indicates whether the given class can be written by this converter. 20 * @param clazz the class to test for writability 21 * @param mediaType the media type to write, can be {@code null} if not specified. 22 * Typically the value of an {@code Accept} header. 23 * @return {@code true} if writable; {@code false} otherwise 24 */ 25 boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType); 26 27 /** 28 * Return the list of {@link MediaType} objects supported by this converter. 29 * @return the list of supported media types 30 */ 31 List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes(); 32 33 /** 34 * Read an object of the given type form the given input message, and returns it. 35 * @param clazz the type of object to return. This type must have previously been passed to the 36 * {@link #canRead canRead} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}. 37 * @param inputMessage the HTTP input message to read from 38 * @return the converted object 39 * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors 40 * @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException in case of conversion errors 41 */ 42 T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage) 43 throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException; 44 45 /** 46 * Write an given object to the given output message. 47 * @param t the object to write to the output message. The type of this object must have previously been 48 * passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}. 49 * @param contentType the content type to use when writing. May be {@code null} to indicate that the 50 * default content type of the converter must be used. If not {@code null}, this media type must have 51 * previously been passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have 52 * returned {@code true}. 53 * @param outputMessage the message to write to 54 * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors 55 * @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException in case of conversion errors 56 */ 57 void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) 58 throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException; 59 60 }
該接口定義了四個方法,分別是讀取數據時的 canRead(), read() 和 寫入數據時的canWrite(), write()方法。
在使用 <mvc:annotation-driven />標簽配置時,默認配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(注意是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,詳情查看Spring 3.1 document “16.14 Configuring Spring MVC”章節),並為他配置了一下默認的HttpMessageConverter:
1 ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter converts byte arrays. 2 3 StringHttpMessageConverter converts strings. 4 5 ResourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from org.springframework.core.io.Resource for all media types. 6 7 SourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from a javax.xml.transform.Source. 8 9 FormHttpMessageConverter converts form data to/from a MultiValueMap<String, String>. 10 11 Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter converts Java objects to/from XML — added if JAXB2 is present on the classpath. 12 13 MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter converts to/from JSON — added if Jackson is present on the classpath. 14 15 AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter converts Atom feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath. 16 17 RssChannelHttpMessageConverter converts RSS feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath.
1 ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取二進制格式的數據和寫出二進制格式的數據; 2 3 StringHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取字符串格式的數據和寫出二進制格式的數據; 4 5 6 ResourceHttpMessageConverter:負責讀取資源文件和寫出資源文件數據; 7 8 FormHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取form提交的數據(能讀取的數據格式為 application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能讀取multipart/form-data格式數據);負責寫入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的數據; 9 10 11 MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取和寫入json格式的數據; 12 13 14 SouceHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取和寫入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定義的數據; 15 16 Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取和寫入xml 標簽格式的數據; 17 18 19 AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取和寫入Atom格式的數據; 20 21 RssChannelHttpMessageConverter: 負責讀取和寫入RSS格式的數據; 22 23 24 當使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody注解時,RequestMappingHandlerAdapter就使用它們來進行讀取或者寫入相應格式的數據
HttpMessageConverter匹配過程:
@RequestBody注解時: 根據Request對象header部分的Content-Type類型,逐一匹配合適的HttpMessageConverter來讀取數據;
spring 3.1源代碼如下:
@ResponseBody注解時: 根據Request對象header部分的Accept屬性(逗號分隔),逐一按accept中的類型,去遍歷找到能處理的HttpMessageConverter;
源代碼如下:
1 private void writeWithMessageConverters(Object returnValue, 2 HttpInputMessage inputMessage, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) 3 throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException { 4 List<MediaType> acceptedMediaTypes = inputMessage.getHeaders().getAccept(); 5 if (acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()) { 6 acceptedMediaTypes = Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL); 7 } 8 MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes); 9 Class<?> returnValueType = returnValue.getClass(); 10 List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>(); 11 if (getMessageConverters() != null) { 12 for (MediaType acceptedMediaType : acceptedMediaTypes) { 13 for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : getMessageConverters()) { 14 if (messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType, acceptedMediaType)) { 15 messageConverter.write(returnValue, acceptedMediaType, outputMessage); 16 if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { 17 MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType(); 18 if (contentType == null) { 19 contentType = acceptedMediaType; 20 } 21 logger.debug("Written [" + returnValue + "] as \"" + contentType + 22 "\" using [" + messageConverter + "]"); 23 } 24 this.responseArgumentUsed = true; 25 return; 26 } 27 } 28 } 29 for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : messageConverters) { 30 allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes()); 31 } 32 } 33 throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes); 34 }
補充:
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter 調用了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)方法,使用@ResponseBody注解返回的對象就傳入Object參數內。若返回的對象為已經格式化好的json串時,不使用@RequestBody注解,而應該這樣處理:
1、response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
2、response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);
直接輸出到body區,然后的視圖為void。
參考資料:
1、 Spring 3.1 Doc:
spring-3.1.0/docs/spring-framework-reference/html/mvc.html
2、Spring 3.x MVC 入門4 -- @ResponseBody & @RequestBody
轉載地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/qq78292959/p/3760651.html
ok 上面講解了實現的過程,簡單的可以理解為只要有對應協議的解析器,你就可以通過幾行配置,幾個注解完成協議——對象的轉換工作。
注意:Spring默認的json協議解析由Jackson完成,所以要添加jackson.jar包。
使用@ResponseBody 帶來的好處就是由spring 將協議轉化為對象,不用我們自己再去轉化 同樣@RequestBody也是,比如我們在前台傳遞了參數而controller中使用@RequestBody 則可以直接獲得pojo對象,不用我們再去獲取參數,組裝對象。
下面看看小demo
1、前端代碼post提交:
1 function profilep() { 2 // 組裝json格式數據 3 var mydata = '{"name":"' + $('#name').val() + '","id":"' 4 + $('#id').val() + '","password":"' + $('#password').val() 5 + '"}'; 6 $.ajaxSetup({ 7 contentType : 'application/json' 8 }); 9 $.post('http://localhost:18080/website2/user/save2.do', mydata, 10 function(data) { 11 alert("id: " + data.id + "\nname: " + data.name 12 + "\password: " + data.password); 13 }, 'json'); 14 }
2、后台代碼:
1 @ResponseBody 2 @RequestMapping(value = "/save2.do" ,method = RequestMethod.POST) 3 // 知己接收對象,因@RequestBody spring 幫我們處理了 協議到對象的這個過程 4 public User info2(@RequestBody User user) { 5 String id = user.getId(); 6 String name = user.getName(); 7 String password = user.getPassword(); 8 Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); 9 map.put("id", id); 10 map.put("name", name); 11 map.put("password", password); 12 userService.saveUser(map); 13 User user2= new User(id,name,password); 14 // 直接返回對象,因@ResponseBody spring 會幫我們處理對象和協議之間的轉化 15 return user2; 16 }
3、上面兩個都是post方法其實get方法也是一樣的:
前端代碼:
1 function profile() { 2 var url = 'http://localhost:18080/website2/user/save.do?'; 3 var query = 'id=' + $('#id').val() + '&name=' + $('#name').val() 4 + '&password=' + $('#password').val(); 5 url += query; 6 $.get(url, function(data) { 7 alert("id: " + data.id + "\nname: " + data.name + "\nstatus: " 8 + data.password); 9 }); 10 }
后台代碼:
1 @ResponseBody 2 @RequestMapping(value = "/save.do" ,method = RequestMethod.GET) 3 public User info(HttpServletRequest request) { 4 String id = request.getParameter("id"); 5 String name = request.getParameter("name"); 6 String password = request.getParameter("password"); 7 Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); 8 map.put("id", id); 9 map.put("name", name); 10 map.put("password", password); 11 userService.saveUser(map); 12 User user= new User(id,name,password); 13 return user; 14 }
上面的$.get方法是使用GET方式進行異步請求。$.post方法使用POST方式來進行異步請求。
$.get 、$.post 方法的格式相同,這里就以$.get為列:
$.get(url [, data] [, callback] [, type])
url:請求的HTML頁的URL地址
data(可選):發送至服務器的key/value數據會未為QueryString附加到請求URL中
callback(可選):載入成功時回調函數(即當Response的返回狀態為success才調用)自動將請求結果和狀態傳遞給該方法
type(可選):服務器端返回內容的格式,包括xml,html,script,json,text和_default.
這個格式通過上面的post方法和get方法可以看到,像post的那個方法就比較完整!
本文轉自:http://www.cnblogs.com/caoyc/p/5644730.html
