一、所需工具
1、Python3.6安裝包
2、Selenium安裝包（selenium-server-standalone-3.8），如果是Python3的話可以不用下載selenium壓縮包，Python3有自帶的，直接輸入命令安裝即可
3、Chromedriver驅動（Chromedriver2.3）
4、Firefox驅動（geckodriver0.18）
5、Chrome瀏覽器（chrome v.59）
6、Firefox瀏覽器（Firefox v.54）
7、Pycharm
二、工具安裝
1、安裝Python，安裝完設置環境變量(將Python安裝路徑放入path下)
2、selenium安裝：cmd首先進入E:\Python\Scripts目錄下，然后輸入pip install -U selenium，等待安裝完成即可
3、pip安裝：將pip工具包解壓到指定盤，cmd命令進入該盤下，輸入命令python setup.py install；再切換到E:\Python\Scripts 目錄下輸入E:\Python\Scripts > easy_install pip
4、setuptools安裝：將setuptools工具包解壓到指定盤里，進入cmd,執行python ez_install.py即可
5、將下載好的Chromedriver和geckodriver驅動放到Python安裝路徑下
注意：Chromedriver和geckodriver驅動一定要和電腦上的瀏覽器版本對應，否則代碼運行會報錯
Chromedriver和chrome瀏覽器對應版本
代碼：
from selenium import webdriver
import time
# browser=webdriver.Chrome()
browser=webdriver.Firefox()
url='http://www.baidu.com'
#通過get方法獲取當前url打印
print("now access %s" %(url))
browser.get(url)
time.sleep(2)
browser.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='kw']").send_keys('Selenium')
browser.find_element_by_id('su').click()
# browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[value$='下']")
time.sleep(3)
print("成功搜索")
browser.quit()
以上代碼如果能正常運行說明環境配置成功
PS:以下三個問題是安裝過程中常遇到的坑
遇到第一個坑：'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH
1.如果啟動瀏覽器過程中報如下錯誤
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 145, in __init__
self.service.start()
File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 81, in start
os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH.
2.這個是因為最新的selenium3.0啟動firefox需要geckodriver.exe這個驅動文件。
3.下載之后，配置到環境變量path下（可以直接放python根目錄）
遇到第二坑：Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location
1.如果啟動瀏覽器過程中報如下錯誤
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 155, in __init__
keep_alive=True)
File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 179, in start_session
response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, capabilities)
File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 238, in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 193, in check_response
raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location, no 'moz:firefoxOptions.binary' capability provided, and no binary flag set on the command line
2.這個是因為firefox.exe這個文件也需要配置到環境變量path下
3.這個路徑就是安裝完firefox后，找到firefox.exe這個文件的地址，加到path下
遇到第三坑：Unsupported Marionette protocol version 2, required 3
1.如果啟動瀏覽器過程中出現如下錯誤
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 155, in __init__
keep_alive=True)
File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 179, in start_session
response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, capabilities)
File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 238, in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
File "D:\test\python3\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 193, in check_response
raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Unsupported Marionette protocol version 2, required 3
2.這個錯誤原因是firefox版本過低了，最新的selenium3.0版本支持firefox47以上的版本，升級版本就可以了