Linux修改終端提示符

打開~/.bashrc可以看到命令提示的內容為:\u@\h\w\$

\u表示用戶名,\h表示主機名,\w表示當前目錄,\$表示命令提示符(普通用戶$,超級用戶#)

這個命令提示符有點長,很礙事,\u@\h是可以刪除的,只顯示\w\$就很好

改為:PS1='\[\033[1;3;32m\]\w\[\033[31m\]\$\[\033[0m\]'

如果改為PS1='\033[1;3;32m\]\w\033[31m\]\$\033[0m\]',系統會錯誤的理解這個字符串的長度,導致系統對光標的位置理解錯誤,就會出現長命令回到行首的情形.下面這個鏈接對這個問題講的格外清楚http://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/053#CA-3f52bac3b5ad40d98d0fa76a95be9049141bfced_5

(這個網站可謂是學習shell的理想場所,講解全面而又清晰有層次)

轉義字符必須放在[和]之間,這個規則只適用於定義PS1時.若在其他地方,要把轉義序列放在\001和\002之間.

關於顏色轉義,運行一下下面這個腳本便全知道了

#!/bin/bash
cat << haha
 	You can write like this :
 		\033[one;two;three m
 	This is called ansi color.
 	"echo -e " you can use escapes !
 	for more infomation ,try "man echo"
haha
#character attributes
a=(normal 0 
bold 1 
dim 2
italic 3
under 4
blink 5
six 6
revert 7
conceal 8
delete 9 
)  
#forecolor
b=(
black 30
red 31
green 32
yellow 33
blue 34
magenta 35
cyan 36
white 37 
)
#backcolor
c=(
black 40
red 41
green 42
yellow 43
blue 44
magenta 45
cyan 46
white 47
)
function show(){
	while test $# -gt 0;do
		echo  -e "\033[${2}m weidiao\033[0m   $1    $2" | column -t
		shift 2
	done
}
show ${a[*]}
echo ===============fore color ======================
show ${b[*]}
echo ================back color ====================
show ${c[*]}
echo ================random ========================
echo -e "\033[${b[3]};${c[1]}m weidiao is great\033[0m"

在windows下，控制台無法選擇漂亮字體，只有點陣字體和宋體非常難看。下載一個cmder（去github上的realease中下載），解壓就能用：設置命令行提示符，在vendor文件夾下的init.bat中，里面的顏色轉義跟上面所述差不太多。我的prompt：@prompt $E[1;32;40m$P$E[1;31;40m$$$E[0m

再把背景顏色設置成Ubuntu背景色:rgb(44,0,30)就完美了.而cmder不支持背景色,但支持背景圖片,那就制作一張純色的ubuntu背景圖片.

在使用python時,IDLE沒有代碼提示,非常難用.有兩個選擇bpython和ipython,但是bpython對windows的支持不夠完善,所以還是用ipython,但是ipython在控制台下的界面比較丑,而在cmder下的界面就美觀多了.

.bash_profile和.bashrc是不一樣的,最好把相同的內容在這兩個文件里面復制一遍,這樣就不用考慮它倆有啥區別了.

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar

# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
	# We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
	# (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
	# a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
	color_prompt=yes
    else
	color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt
PS1='\[\033[1;3;32m\]\w\[\033[31m\]\$\[\033[0m\]'
# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi

#設置顏色
export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
export CLICOLOR="yes"
export LSCOLORS='CxfxcxdxbxegedabagGxGx'