asp.net的HTTP請求處理過程


1、asp.net的HTTP請求處理過程

說明:
(1)、客戶端瀏覽器向服務器發出一個http請求,此請求會被inetinfo.exe進程截獲,然后轉交給aspnet_isapi.dll進程,接着它又通過Http Pipeline的管道,傳送給aspnet_wp.exe這個進程,接下來就到了.net framework的HttpRunTime處理中心,處理完畢后就發送給用戶瀏覽器。
(2)、當一個http請求被送入到HttpRuntime之后,這個Http請求會繼續被送入到一個被稱之為HttpApplication Factory的一個容器當中,而這個容器會給出一個HttpApplication實例來處理傳遞進來的http請求,而后這個Http請求會依次進入到如下幾個容器中:HttpModule --> HttpHandler Factory --> HttpHandler。當系統內部的HttpHandler的ProcessRequest方法處理完畢之后,整個Http Request就被處理完成了,客戶端也就得到相應的東東了。
(3)完整的http請求在asp.net framework中的處理流程:
HttpRequest-->inetinfo.exe->ASPNET_ISAPI.DLL-->Http Pipeline-->ASPNET_WP.EXE-->HttpRuntime-->HttpApplication Factory-->HttpApplication-->HttpModule-->HttpHandler Factory-->HttpHandler-->HttpHandler.ProcessRequest()

也就是說一個HTTP請求在HttpModule容器的傳遞過程中,會在某一時刻(ResolveRequestCache事件)將這個HTTP請求傳遞給HttpHandler容器。在這個事件之后,HttpModule容器會建立一個HttpHandler的入口實例,但是此時並沒有將HTTP請求控制權交出,而是繼續觸發AcquireRequestState事件以及PreRequestHandlerExcute事件。在PreRequestHandlerExcute事件之后,HttpModule窗口就會將控制權暫時交給HttpHandler容器,以便進行真正的HTTP請求處理工作。
而在HttpHandler容器內部會執行ProcessRequest方法來處理HTTP請求。在容器HttpHandler處理完畢整個HTTP請求之后,會將控制權交還給HttpModule,HttpModule則會繼續對處理完畢的HTTP請求信息流進行層層的轉交動作,直到返回到客戶端為止。

(4)如果想在中途截獲一個httpRequest並做些自己的處理,就應該在HttpRuntime運行時內部來做到這一點,確切的說是在HttpModule這個容器中來實現。

2、HttpModule工作原理


     負責監聽HttpRequest,同時對HttpRequest增添或者過濾掉一部分內容。也就是說,當一個HTTP請求到達HttpModule時,整個ASP.NET Framework系統還並沒有對這個HTTP請求做任何處理,也就是說此時對於HTTP請求來講,HttpModule是一個HTTP請求的“必經之路”,所以可以在這個HTTP請求傳遞到真正的請求處理中心(HttpHandler)之前附加一些需要的信息在這個HTTP請求信息之上,或者針對截獲的這個HTTP請求信息作一些額外的工作,或者在某些情況下干脆終止滿足一些條件的HTTP請求,從而可以起到一個Filter過濾器的作用。
HttpModule實現了接口IHttpModule,我們可以自定義實現該接口的類,從而取代HttpModule。 
asp.net默認的HttpModule如下:

        1.System.Web.SessionState.SessionStateModule;
 
        
        2.System.Web.Security.WindowsAuthenticationModule;
 
        
        3.System.Web.Security.FormsAuthenticationModule;
 
        
        4.System.Web.Security.PassportAuthenticationModule;
 
        
        5.System.Web.Security.UrlAuthorizationModule;
 
        
        6.System.Web.Security.FileAuthorizationModule;

3、編寫自己的HttpModule

要實現HttpModule,必須實現接口IHttpModule。下面是IHttpModule接口分析:

using System;
namespace System.Web
{
   public interface IHttpModule
    {
 
        
        //   銷毀不再被HttpModule使用的資源
        void Dispose();
 
        
        // 初始化一個Module,為捕獲HttpRequest做准備
        void Init(HttpApplication context);
 
        
    }
}
下面是自己的HttpModule:
using System;
using System.Web;
namespace ClassLibrary1
{
    public class MyHttpModule : IHttpModule
    {
        public void Dispose() { }
        public void Init(HttpApplication context)
        {
            context.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(Application_BeginRequest);
            context.EndRequest += new EventHandler(Application_EndRequest);
        }
        public void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = sender as HttpApplication;
            HttpContext context = application.Context;
            HttpResponse response = context.Response;
            response.Write("這是來自自定義HttpModule中有BeginRequest");
        }
 
        
        public void Application_EndRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = sender as HttpApplication;
            HttpContext context = application.Context;
            HttpResponse response = context.Response;
            response.Write("這是來自自定義HttpModule中有EndRequest");
 
        
        }
 
        
    }
 
        
}
web.config:
myHttpModule" type="ClassLibrary1.MyHttpModule,ClassLibrary1"/>

default.aspx.cs
using System;
 
        
 
        
 
        
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
        
 
        
 
        
using System.Linq;
 
        
 
        
 
        
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page 
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("來自Default.aspx頁面");
    }
 
        
}
 
        

4、HttpModule內部事件機制和生命周期

HttpModule對HttpApplication實例進行處理,而HttpApplication有很多事件(對應不同的生命期),這樣就衍生出HttpModule內部事件機制和生命周期。 
(1)、HttpModule的事件

   
BeginRequest 指示請求處理開始
AuthenticateRequest 封裝請求身份驗證過程
AuthorizeRequest 封裝檢查是否能利用以前緩存的輸出頁面處理請求的過程
ResolveRequestCache 從緩存中得到相應時候觸發
AcquireRequestState 加載初始化Session時候觸發
PreRequestHandlerExecute 在Http請求進入HttpHandler之前觸發
PostRequestHandlerExecute 在Http請求進入HttpHandler之后觸發
ReleaseRequestState 存儲Session狀態時候觸發
UpdateRequestCache 更新緩存信息時觸發
EndRequest 在Http請求處理完成的時候觸發
PreSendRequestHenaders 在向客戶端發送Header之前觸發
PreSendRequestConternt 在向客戶端發送內容之前觸發

 

說明: 
a、BenginRequest和EndRequest分別是HttpModule容器最開始的和最后的事件; 
b、EndRequest之后還會觸發PreSendRequestHeaders事件和PreSendRequestContent事件,這不是在HttpModule外的兩個事件,表示HttpModule結束,即將開始向Client發送數據

2)、驗證HttpModule生命周期 
與HttpHandler的交互:
說明: 
a、HttpModule容器會將HttpRequest傳遞到HttpHandler容器,這個時間點是ResolveRequestCache事件 
b、HttpModule容器會建立HttpHandler實例作為入口——Session從此生效 
c、觸發AcquireRequestState事件以及PreRequestHandlerExecute事件 
d、HttpModule容器便將對HttpRequest的控制權轉讓給HttpHandler容器 
e、HttpHandler容器處理HttpRequest——使用自身的ProcessRequest方法,將對其控制權又還給HttpModule容器——之后Session失效。
驗證生命周期代碼:
using System;
 
        
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
        
using System.Text;
 
        
using System.Web;
 
        
 
        
 
        
namespace MyHttpModule
 
        
{
 
        
    public class ValidaterHttpModuleEvents : IHttpModule
 
        
    {
 
        
 
        
 
        
        public void Dispose()
 
        
        { }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        /// 
 
        
        /// 驗證HttpModule事件機制
 
        
        /// 
 
        
        /// 
 
        
        public void Init(HttpApplication application)
 
        
        {
 
        
            application.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(application_BeginRequest);
 
        
            application.EndRequest += new EventHandler(application_EndRequest);
 
        
            application.AcquireRequestState += new EventHandler(application_AcquireRequestState);
 
        
            application.AuthenticateRequest += new EventHandler(application_AuthenticateRequest);
 
        
            application.AuthorizeRequest += new EventHandler(application_AuthorizeRequest);
 
        
            application.PreRequestHandlerExecute += new EventHandler(application_PreRequestHandlerExecute);
 
        
            application.PostRequestHandlerExecute += new EventHandler(application_PostRequestHandlerExecute);
 
        
            application.ReleaseRequestState += new EventHandler(application_ReleaseRequestState);
 
        
            application.ResolveRequestCache += new EventHandler(application_ResolveRequestCache);
 
        
            application.PreSendRequestHeaders += new EventHandler(application_PreSendRequestHeaders);
 
        
            application.PreSendRequestContent += new EventHandler(application_PreSendRequestContent);
 
        
        }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        private void application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
 
        
        {
 
        
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
 
        
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_BeginRequest
");
 
        
        }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        private void application_EndRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
 
        
        {
 
        
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
 
        
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_EndRequest
");
 
        
        }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        private void application_PreRequestHandlerExecute(object sender, EventArgs e)
 
        
        {
 
        
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
 
        
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_PreRequestHandlerExecute
");
 
        
        }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        private void application_PostRequestHandlerExecute(object sender, EventArgs e)
 
        
        {
 
        
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
 
        
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_PostRequestHandlerExecute
");
 
        
        }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        private void application_ReleaseRequestState(object sender, EventArgs e)
 
        
        {
 
        
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
 
        
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_ReleaseRequestState
");
 
        
        }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        private void application_AcquireRequestState(object sender, EventArgs e)
 
        
        {
 
        
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
 
        
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_AcquireRequestState
");
 
        
        }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        private void application_PreSendRequestContent(object sender, EventArgs e)
 
        
        {
 
        
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
 
        
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_PreSendRequestContent
");
 
        
        }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        private void application_PreSendRequestHeaders(object sender, EventArgs e)
 
        
        {
 
        
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
 
        
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_PreSendRequestHeaders
");
 
        
        }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        private void application_ResolveRequestCache(object sender, EventArgs e)
 
        
        {
 
        
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
 
        
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_ResolveRequestCache
");
 
        
        }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        private void application_AuthorizeRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
 
        
        {
 
        
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
 
        
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_AuthorizeRequest
");
 
        
        }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        private void application_AuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HttpApplication application = (HttpApplication)sender;
            application.Context.Response.Write("application_AuthenticateRequest");
 
        
        }
 
        
    }
 
        
}
 
        
HttpModule1" type="MyHttpModule.HttpModule1,MyHttpModule"/>
 
        
HttpModule2" type="MyHttpModule.HttpModule2,MyHttpModule"/>
 
        

 

HttpModule1和HttpModule2模仿ValidaterHttpModuleEvents編寫(除了類名改變外,事件和方法不變),不貼代碼了。

從運行結果可以看到,在web.config文件中引入自定義HttpModule的順序就決定了多個自定義HttpModule在處理一個HTTP請求的接管順序。

 

(3)、利用HttpModule實現終止此次HttpRequest請求

在BeginRequest事件中,使用HttpApplication.CompleteRequest()方法可以實現當滿足一定條件時終止此次HttpRequest請求 

using System;
 
        
using System.Web;
 
        
 
        
 
        
namespace ClassLibrary1
 
        
{
 
        
    public class MyHttpModule : IHttpModule
 
        
    {
 
        
        public void Dispose() { }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        public void Init(HttpApplication context)
 
        
        {
 
        
            context.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(Application_BeginRequest);
 
        
        }
 
        
 
        
 
        
        public void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
 
        
        {
 
        
            HttpApplication application = sender as HttpApplication;
 
        
            application.CompleteRequest();
 
        
            application.Context.Response.Write("請求被終止");
 
        
        }
 
        
    }
 
        
}

說明: 
a、對於一個HttpModule,在BeginRquest中終止,但是仍然會調用EndRequest事件,以及PreSendRequestHeaders事件和PreSendRequestContent事件。也可以說是直接跳轉到EndRequest事件,而不會調用這期間的事件 
b、如果有兩個HttpModule,在第一個HttpModule的BeginRequest中終止,僅僅不會調用第二個HttpModule的BeginRequest,但仍然會調用兩個EndRequest事件,以及PreSendRequestHeaders事件和PreSendRequestContent事件。



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