Django如何從Model中獲取字段名稱——verbose_name

一、背景

CRM項目重新總結一下，重寫之前的項目發現有不少知識點已經忘記，所以特此來重新總結一下一便后續能夠回憶起

二、代碼分析

1. 核心代碼

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse,render

class VbcConfig(object):
    list_display = []
    def __init__(self,model_class,site):
        self.model_class = model_class   
        self.site = site

    def get_urls(self):
        app_model_name = (self.model_class._meta.app_label,self.model_class._meta.model_name,)
        url_pattern = [
            url(r'^$',self.change_list_view,name='%s_%s_change_list'%app_model_name),
            url(r'^add/$',self.add_view,name='%s_%s_add'%app_model_name),
            url(r'^(\d+)/change/$',self.change_view,name='%s_%s_change'%app_model_name),
            url(r'^(\d+)/delete/$',self.delete_view,name='%s_%s_delete'%app_model_name),
        ]
        return url_pattern
    @property
    def urls(self):
        return self.get_urls()

    # ########################### 處理請求的方法  #############
    def change_list_view(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        # 處理表頭
        head_list = []
        for field_name in self.list_display:
            if isinstance(field_name,str):
                verbose_name= self.model_class._meta.get_field(field_name).verbose_name
            else:
                verbose_name = field_name(self,is_header=True)
            head_list.append(verbose_name)

        # 處理數據
        data_list = self.model_class.objects.all()

        new_data_list = []
        for row in data_list:
            temp =[]
            for field_name in self.list_display:
                if isinstance(field_name,str):
                    val = getattr(row,field_name)
                else:
                    val = field_name(self,row)
                temp.append(val)

            new_data_list.append(temp)

        return render(request,'changelist.html',{'new_data_list':new_data_list,'head_list':head_list})
    def add_view(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return HttpResponse('添加')
    def change_view(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return HttpResponse('修改')
    def delete_view(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return HttpResponse('刪除')


class VbcSite(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self._registry = {}

    def registry(self,model_class,vbc_config_class=None):
        if not vbc_config_class:
            vbc_config_class = VbcConfig     # 如果沒有自定義Config類則實例化VbcConfig類
        self._registry[model_class] = vbc_config_class(model_class,self)    # 將數據庫model傳入進來進行實例化

    def get_urls(self):
        url_pattern = []
        for model_class,vbc_config_obj in self._registry.items():
            print(model_class,vbc_config_obj)
            # 為每一個類，創建4個url
            """
            /stark/app01/userinfo/
            /stark/app01/userinfo/add
            /stark/app01/userinfo/(\d+)/change/
            /stark/app01/userinfo/(\d+)/delete/
           """
            app_name = model_class._meta.app_label
            model_name = model_class._meta.model_name
            curd_url = url(r'%s/%s/'%(app_name,model_name),(vbc_config_obj.urls,None,None))

            url_pattern.append(curd_url)
        return url_pattern

    @property
    def urls(self):
        return (self.get_urls(),None,'vbc')

site = VbcSite()

2. 實例化model類

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
from stark.service import v1
from app01 import models

class UserInfoConfig(v1.VbcConfig):
    def checkbox(self,obj=None,is_header=False):
        if is_header:
            return '序號'
        return mark_safe("<input  type='checkbox' name='pk' value='%s'></>"%obj.id)
    def edit(self,obj=None,is_header=False):
        if is_header:
            return '操作'
        return mark_safe('<a href="/edit/%s">編輯</a>'%obj.id)

    def delete(self,obj=None,is_header=False):
        if is_header:
            return '表頭'
        return mark_safe('<a href="/edit/%s">刪除</a>'%obj.id)
    list_display = [checkbox,'id','name',edit,delete]


class RoleConfig(v1.VbcConfig):

    list_display = ['id','title']

class UserTypefig(v1.VbcConfig):

    list_display = ['id','title']


v1.site.registry(models.UserInfo,UserInfoConfig)
v1.site.registry(models.UserType,UserTypefig)
v1.site.registry(models.Role,RoleConfig)

三. 學習的知識點：如何從model中獲取字段名稱

1. model

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='用戶名')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Role(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='用戶角色')
    users = models.ForeignKey(to='UserInfo',verbose_name='用戶職位',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class UserType(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='用戶類型')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

2. 代碼

# ########################### 處理請求的方法  #############
    def change_list_view(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        # 處理表頭
        head_list = []
        for field_name in self.list_display:
            if isinstance(field_name,str):
                verbose_name= self.model_class._meta.get_field(field_name).verbose_name   # 在_meta中有個get_field方法,通過將model字段名稱傳入進去，最后執行.verbose_name就可以獲取model字段名稱
            else:
                verbose_name = field_name(self,is_header=True)
            head_list.append(verbose_name)

        # 處理數據
        data_list = self.model_class.objects.all()

        new_data_list = []
        for row in data_list:
            temp =[]
            for field_name in self.list_display:
                if isinstance(field_name,str):
                    val = getattr(row,field_name)
                else:
                    val = field_name(self,row)
                temp.append(val)

            new_data_list.append(temp)

        return render(request,'changelist.html',{'new_data_list':new_data_list,'head_list':head_list})

小結：

self.model_class._meta.get_field(field_name).verbose_name   
# 在_meta中有個get_field方法,通過將model字段名稱傳入進去，最后執行.verbose_name就可以獲取model字段名稱