Nginx配置ProxyCache緩存


利用nginx cache緩存網站數據

nginx本身就有緩存功能,能夠緩存靜態對象,比如圖片、CSS、JS等內容直接緩存到本地,下次訪問相同對象時,直接從緩存即可,無需訪問后端靜態服務器以及存儲存儲服務器,可以替代squid功能。

1環境准備

我們這里只測試nginx的proxy_cache的緩存功能,所以結構越簡單越好,這里我們只需要准備一台nginx的虛擬機即可,如果沒有nginx,那么我們可以使用epel源,yum安裝一個即可:

#添加epel源

root@~>> wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

#yum安裝nginx

root@~>> yum install nginx -y

#rpm -ql查看主要配置文件位置

root@~>> rpm -ql nginx

這里為了簡單,只使用簡單的nginx.conf配置文件:

root@nginx>> cat nginx.conf

user              nginx;

worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;

pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {

    worker_connections  1024;

}

http {

    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_formatmain  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {

       listen 80;

        location / {

            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;

            index  index.html index.htm;

        }

    }

}

啟動查看初始界面是否正常:

root@nginx>> nginx

root@nginx>> netstat -tupln|grep nginx

tcp        00 0.0.0.0:800.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1043/nginx

root@nginx>> curl -I 192.168.16.199

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Server: nginx/1.0.15

Date: Mon, 14 Sep 2015 09:40:53 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

Content-Length: 3698

Last-Modified: Tue, 16 Jun 2015 21:34:15 GMT

Connection: keep-alive

Accept-Ranges: bytes

一切正常,首頁有2張圖片,正好用於實驗:

root@html>> tree /usr/share/nginx/html/

/usr/share/nginx/html/

|-- 404.html

|-- 50x.html

|-- index.html

|-- nginx-logo.png

`-- poweredby.png

至此環境准備完畢。

 

2cache原理

 

 

 

 

3配置cache

3.1創建目錄並掛載tmpfs

nginx的proxy_cache是基於內存和磁盤的緩存,需要指定緩存目錄:

root@nginx>> mkdir /tmp/ngx_cache -p

緩存存放於磁盤,磁盤IO會影響緩存的速度,所以我們在將tmpfs掛載於ngx_cache目錄上來加速緩存的讀取和寫入:

root@nginx>> mount -t tmpfs -o size=100M tmpfs /tmp/ngx_cache

root@nginx>> mount|grep tmpfs

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

tmpfs on /tmp/ngx_cache type tmpfs (rw,size=100M)

3.2配置緩存目錄大小以及key空間名

將下面配置放至http標簽中:

root@nginx>> grep proxy_cache_path nginx.conf

        proxy_cache_path /tmp/ngx_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:100m inactive=1d max_size=5g;

#指定緩存目錄,緩存等級,鍵空間名,鍵空間shm大小,失效時間,以及磁盤最大緩存大小

3.3配置反向代理

首先配置upstream節點池:

upstream server_pool {

    server 127.0.0.1:8080;

}

在server標簽的location段中配置代理:

proxy_pass http://server_pool;

配置8080端口的標簽:

server {

    listen 8080;

    location / {

        root /usr/share/nginx/html;

        index index.html index.htm;

    }

    access_log/var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

}

配置proxy_cache相關參數啟用緩存:

proxy_pass http://server_pool;

proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; #出錯嘗試下一個節點

proxy_cache cache_one; #緩存鍵空間名

proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h; #指定對應狀態碼的緩存時間

proxy_cache_valid 301 302 1m;

proxy_cache_valid any 1m;

proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args; #指定鍵key的格式

proxy_set_header Host $host; #傳遞主機名給后端節點

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; #傳遞客戶端IP給后端節點

expires 1d; #超期時間

最終的nginx.conf配置文件如下:

root@nginx>> cat nginx.conf

user              nginx;

worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;

pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {

    worker_connections  1024;

}

http {

    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_formatmain  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'

                                          '"addr:$upstream_addr-status:$upstream_status- cachestatus:$upstream_cache_status"';

    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

        proxy_cache_path /tmp/ngx_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:100m inactive=1d max_size=5g;

        upstream server_pool {

                server 127.0.0.1:8080;

        }

    server {

                listen 80;

        location / {

                        proxy_pass http://server_pool;

                        proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;

                        proxy_cache cache_one;

                        proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;

                        proxy_cache_valid 301 302 1m;

                        proxy_cache_valid any 1m;

                        proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;

                        proxy_set_header Host $host;

                        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;

                        expires 1d;

        }

        access_log  /var/log/nginx/cache_access.log  main;

    }

        server {

                listen 8080;

                location / {

                        root /usr/share/nginx/html;

                        index index.html index.htm;

                }

        }

}

3.4配置日志

為了觀察緩存的命中狀態,我們可以將緩存相關的變量記錄在日志中。

 

 

定義日志格式:

log_format  main'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'

'"addr:$upstream_addr-status:$upstream_status- cachestatus:$upstream_cache_status"';

#其中upstream_addr記錄分發的后端節點IP;upstream_status記錄后端節點返回的狀態碼;upstream_cache_status記錄緩存的命中情況。

在反向代理標簽中引用日志:

access_log/var/log/nginx/cache_access.logmain;

nginx重新加載配置:

root@nginx>> nginx -s reload

3.5添加頭信息查看

添加響應報頭信息:

add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status;

查看頭信息:

root@~>> curl -I 192.168.16.199

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Server: nginx/1.0.15

Date: Tue, 15 Sep 2015 02:55:25 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

Connection: keep-alive

Content-Length: 3698

Last-Modified: Tue, 16 Jun 2015 21:34:15 GMT

Expires: Wed, 16 Sep 2015 02:55:25 GMT

Cache-Control: max-age=86400

X-Cache-Status: HIT

Accept-Ranges: bytes

3.6監測緩存

為了監測緩存文件的事件,我們首先安裝inotify-tools:

root@/>> yum install inotify-tools

打開一個ssh使用intofiy-tools檢測ngx_cache目錄:

root@~>> inotifywait -mrq /tmp/ngx_cache/

瀏覽網站:

root@ngx_cache>> inotifywait -mrq /tmp/ngx_cache/

/tmp/ngx_cache/ CREATE,ISDIR 6

/tmp/ngx_cache/ OPEN,ISDIR 6

/tmp/ngx_cache/ CLOSE_NOWRITE,CLOSE,ISDIR 6

/tmp/ngx_cache/ CREATE,ISDIR 1

/tmp/ngx_cache/ OPEN,ISDIR 1

/tmp/ngx_cache/ CLOSE_NOWRITE,CLOSE,ISDIR 1

/tmp/ngx_cache/ CREATE,ISDIR 3

/tmp/ngx_cache/ OPEN,ISDIR 3

/tmp/ngx_cache/ CLOSE_NOWRITE,CLOSE,ISDIR 3

/tmp/ngx_cache/3/ CREATE,ISDIR fd

/tmp/ngx_cache/3/ OPEN,ISDIR fd

/tmp/ngx_cache/3/ CLOSE_NOWRITE,CLOSE,ISDIR fd

/tmp/ngx_cache/3/fd/ CREATE dd404cd351f6b9efb072e5806dc2efd3.0000000026

/tmp/ngx_cache/3/fd/ OPEN dd404cd351f6b9efb072e5806dc2efd3.0000000026

/tmp/ngx_cache/3/fd/ MODIFY dd404cd351f6b9efb072e5806dc2efd3.0000000026

/tmp/ngx_cache/3/fd/ CLOSE_WRITE,CLOSE dd404cd351f6b9efb072e5806dc2efd3.0000000026

/tmp/ngx_cache/3/fd/ MOVED_FROM dd404cd351f6b9efb072e5806dc2efd3.0000000026

/tmp/ngx_cache/3/fd/ MOVED_TO dd404cd351f6b9efb072e5806dc2efd3

說明:有最后幾行可知,圖片緩存到目錄中。

3.7查看hash對比

添加日志項:

'"KEY:$host$uri$is_args$args"'

重啟查看日志項:

192.168.16.1 - - [15/Sep/2015:10:41:23 +0800] "GET /nginx-logo.png HTTP/1.1" 200 368 "http://192.168.16.199/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:40.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/40.0" "-""addr:--status:-- cachestatus:HIT""KEY:192.168.16.199/nginx-logo.png-"

計算MD5:

root@~>> echo -n "192.168.16.199/nginx-logo.png"|md5sum   

6a6e2e4e3251b1aae0488859ed38e7b1  -

緩存文件:

/tmp/ngx_cache/1/7b/ ACCESS 6a6e2e4e3251b1aae0488859ed38e7b1

同時觀察三個標紅的,之前我們設置了levels=1:2,相當於小抽屜,和memcached的slab以及trunk類似。


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