1.系統
1.1版本
uname -a 能確認是64位還是32位，其它的信息不多
[root@localhost ~]# uname -a Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
more /etc/*release 可以看到更多信息
[root@localhost ~]# more /etc/*release :::::::::::::: /etc/centos-release :::::::::::::: CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) :::::::::::::: /etc/os-release :::::::::::::: NAME="CentOS Linux" VERSION="7 (Core)" ID="centos" ID_LIKE="rhel fedora" VERSION_ID="7" PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)" ANSI_COLOR="0;31" CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7" HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/" CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7" CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7" :::::::::::::: /etc/redhat-release :::::::::::::: CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) :::::::::::::: /etc/system-release :::::::::::::: CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
1.2核數
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
1 Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz
1個邏輯CPU，i5型等信息
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
8 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-4820 v2 @ 2.00GHz
8個邏輯CPU
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c
1 physical id : 0
1 address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
實際上是一顆一核的CPU
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical | uniq -c
1 physical id : 0
1 address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
1 physical id : 0
1 address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
1 physical id : 0
1 address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
1 physical id : 0
1 address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
1 physical id : 0
1 address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
1 physical id : 0
1 address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
1 physical id : 0
1 address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
1 physical id : 0
1 address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
由8個1核的CPU組成8核
cat /proc/cpuinfo可以看到更為詳細的信息
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 94 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz stepping : 3 microcode : 0x74 cpu MHz : 2304.004 cache size : 6144 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 1 core id : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 22 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch ida arat epb pln pts dtherm hwp hwp_noitfy hwp_act_window hwp_epp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rtm rdseed adx smap xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves bogomips : 4608.00 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management:
1.3運行模式
getconf LONG_BIT CPU運行在多少位模式下
[root@localhost ~]# getconf LONG_BIT 64
如果是32，說明當前CPU運行在32bit模式下, 但不代表CPU不支持64bit
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ‘ lm ‘ | wc -l 是否支持64位
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l 1
結果大於0, 說明支持64bit計算. lm指long mode, 支持lm則是64bit
1.4計算機名
hostname
[root@localhost ~]# hostname localhost.localdomain
1.5.查看環境變量
env
[root@localhost ~]# env XDG_SESSION_ID=4 HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED= TERM=vt100 SHELL=/bin/bash HISTSIZE=1000 SSH_CLIENT=192.168.174.1 58896 22 SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE= SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0 USER=root
1.6系統允許多長時間了/負載數
uptime
[root@localhost proc]# uptime 10:55:01 up 1:28, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
1.當前時間10:55:01
2.系統運行了多少時間,1:28（1小時28分)
3.多少個用戶,2 users
4.平均負載：0.00, 0.01, 0.05，最近1分鍾、5分鍾、15分鍾系統的負載
直接查看平均負載情況 cat /proc/loadavg
[root@localhost proc]# cat /proc/loadavg 0.00 0.01 0.05 4/524 7152
除了前3個數字表示平均進程數量外，后面的1個分數，分母表示系統進程總數，分子表示正在運行的進程數；最后一個數字表示最近運行的進程ID
2.資源
2.1內存
cat /proc/meminfo內存的詳細信息
[root@localhost proc]# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 1001332 kB MemFree: 99592 kB MemAvailable: 420940 kB Buffers: 1064 kB Cached: 405292 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 412548 kB Inactive: 250192 kB Active(anon): 205264 kB Inactive(anon): 58460 kB Active(file): 207284 kB Inactive(file): 191732 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 2097148 kB SwapFree: 2097140 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 256416 kB Mapped: 103344 kB Shmem: 7340 kB Slab: 126408 kB SReclaimable: 69912 kB SUnreclaim: 56496 kB KernelStack: 10416 kB PageTables: 15520 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 2597812 kB Committed_AS: 1578872 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 170756 kB VmallocChunk: 34359564288 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 75776 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 73600 kB DirectMap2M: 974848 kB DirectMap1G: 0 kB
MemTotal總內存，MemFree可用內存
free -m(-m，單位是m，如果是-g，單位是g）查看可用內存
[root@localhost proc]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 977 360 97 7 520 411
Swap: 2047 0 2047
空閑內存total-used=free+buff/cache
我們通過free命令查看機器空閑內存時，會發現free的值很小。這主要是因為，在linux中有這么一種思想，內存不用白不用，因此它盡可能的cache和buffer一些數據，以方便下次使用。但實際上這些內存也是可以立刻拿來使用的。
3.磁盤和分區
3.1查看各分區使用情況
df -h
[root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 45G 22G 24G 48% / devtmpfs 906M 0 906M 0% /dev tmpfs 921M 96K 921M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 921M 1004K 920M 1% /run tmpfs 921M 0 921M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 497M 195M 303M 40% /boot tmpfs 185M 0 185M 0% /run/user/1001 tmpfs 185M 0 185M 0% /run/user/0 [root@localhost ~]#
3.2查看指定目錄的大小
du -sh <目錄名>
[root@localhost ~]# du -sh /root 1.2G /root
3.3查看所有分區
fdisk -l
[root@localhost proc]# fdisk -l 磁盤 /dev/sda：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字節，62914560 個扇區 Units = 扇區 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇區大小(邏輯/物理)：512 字節 / 512 字節 I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字節 / 512 字節 磁盤標簽類型：dos 磁盤標識符：0x000a0cd4 設備 Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1026048 62914559 30944256 8e Linux LVM 磁盤 /dev/mapper/centos-root：29.5 GB, 29490151424 字節，57597952 個扇區 Units = 扇區 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇區大小(邏輯/物理)：512 字節 / 512 字節 I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字節 / 512 字節 磁盤 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：2147 MB, 2147483648 字節，4194304 個扇區 Units = 扇區 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇區大小(邏輯/物理)：512 字節 / 512 字節 I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字節 / 512 字節 磁盤 /dev/mapper/centos-docker--poolmeta：33 MB, 33554432 字節，65536 個扇區 Units = 扇區 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇區大小(邏輯/物理)：512 字節 / 512 字節 I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字節 / 512 字節 磁盤 /dev/mapper/docker-253:0-101330881-pool：107.4 GB, 107374182400 字節，209715200 個扇區 Units = 扇區 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇區大小(邏輯/物理)：512 字節 / 512 字節 I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：65536 字節 / 65536 字節
3.4查看所有交換分區
swapon -s
[root@localhost proc]# swapon -s 文件名 類型 大小 已用 權限 /dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 8 -1
4.網絡
4.1查看所有網絡接口的屬性
ifconfig
[root@localhost proc]# ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 02:42:e1:b8:a5:4f txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.174.129 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.174.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:b3b4 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:50:b3:b4 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 28649 bytes 38411280 (36.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 8937 bytes 1226914 (1.1 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 4 bytes 340 (340.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4 bytes 340 (340.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
4.2 帶寬
ethtool 網卡名
[root@localhost php-tomcat-base]# ethtool ens192
Settings for ens192:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 1000baseT/Full
10000baseT/Full
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: No
Advertised link modes: Not reported
Advertised pause frame use: No
Advertised auto-negotiation: No
Speed: 10000Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 0
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: off
MDI-X: Unknown
Supports Wake-on: uag
Wake-on: d
Link detected: yes
看Speed
4.3查看路由表
route -n
[root@localhost proc]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.174.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0 192.168.174.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0 [root@localhost proc]#
4.4查看所有監聽端口
netstat -lntp
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lntp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 743/rpcbind tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1740/nginx: master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:81 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1740/nginx: master tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2194/dnsmasq tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1543/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12610/cupsd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40536 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 19964/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2133/master tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 743/rpcbind tcp6 0 0 :::81 :::* LISTEN 1740/nginx: master tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1543/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 12610/cupsd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2133/master tcp6 0 0 :::35420 :::* LISTEN 19964/rpc.statd [root@localhost ~]#
4.5查看所有已經建立的連接
netstat -antp
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antp Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 743/rpcbind tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1740/nginx: master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:81 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1740/nginx: master tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2194/dnsmasq tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1543/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12610/cupsd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40536 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 19964/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2133/master tcp 0 0 172.31.4.233:22 121.34.147.13:57190 ESTABLISHED 29540/sshd: cavan [ tcp 0 0 172.31.4.233:22 121.34.147.13:54544 ESTABLISHED 27077/sshd: cavan [ tcp 0 96 172.31.4.233:22 219.137.32.66:60645 ESTABLISHED 30315/sshd: root@pt tcp 0 0 172.31.4.233:22 121.34.147.13:56319 ESTABLISHED 28703/sshd: cavan [ tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 743/rpcbind tcp6 0 0 :::81 :::* LISTEN 1740/nginx: master tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1543/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 12610/cupsd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2133/master tcp6 0 0 :::35420 :::* LISTEN 19964/rpc.statd [root@localhost ~]#
4.6 某端口使用情況
lsof -i:端口號
[root@localhost mysql]# lsof -i:22 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 1150 root 3u IPv4 18264 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 1150 root 4u IPv6 18273 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 2617 root 3u IPv4 20437 0t0 TCP localhost.localdomain:ssh->192.168.174.1:60426 (ESTABLISHED) [root@localhost mysql]#
或者
netstat -apn|grep 端口號
[root@localhost mysql]# netstat -apn|grep 22 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1150/sshd tcp 0 96 192.168.174.136:22 192.168.174.1:60426 ESTABLISHED 2617/sshd: root@pts tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1150/sshd
5.進程
5.1查看所有進程
ps -ef,使用ps -ef|gerp tomcat過濾
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 09:26 ? 00:00:03 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21 root 2 0 0 09:26 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd] root 3 2 0 09:26 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0] root 6 2 0 09:26 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/u256:0] root 7 2 0 09:26 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0] root 8 2 0 09:26 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_bh] root 9 2 0 09:26 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/0] root 10 2 0 09:26 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/1] root 11 2 0 09:26 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/2] root 12 2 0 09:26 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/3] root 13 2 0 09:26 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/4] root 14 2 0 09:26 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/5] root 15 2 0 09:26 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/6] root 16 2
ps -aux可以看到進程占用CPU,內存情況
[root@localhost ~]# ps -aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.6 126124 6792 ? Ss 09:26 0:03 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21 root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 09:26 0:00 [kthreadd] root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 09:26 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0] root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 09:26 0:00 [kworker/u256:0] root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 09:26 0:00 [migration/0] root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 09:26 0:00 [rcu_bh] root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 09:26 0:00 [rcuob/0] root 10 0.
5.2實時顯示進程狀態
top
[root@localhost ~]# top
top - 11:29:02 up 2:02, 2 users, load average: 0.12, 0.04, 0.05
Tasks: 408 total, 2 running, 406 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 1.3 us, 0.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 98.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 1001332 total, 92184 free, 370332 used, 538816 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 2097148 total, 2097140 free, 8 used. 419124 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
3001 gdm 20 0 1419364 122996 45860 S 1.0 12.3 0:06.50 gnome-shell
276 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:09.72 kworker/0:1
3765 root 20 0 142864 5128 3876 S 0.3 0.5 0:00.77 sshd
7740 root 20 0 146452 2384 1432 R 0.3 0.2 0:00.17 top
1 root 20 0 126124 6792 3912 S 0.0 0.7 0:03.58 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.37 ksoftirqd/0
6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.39 kworker/u256:0
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcuob/0
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcuob/1
11 root 20 0 0
6.用戶
6.1查看活動用戶
w
[root@localhost ~]# w 11:32:36 up 72 days, 20:50, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT cavan pts/0 121.34.147.13 09:47 1:14m 0.17s 0.17s sshd: cavan [priv] root pts/1 219.137.32.66 11:19 4.00s 0.05s 0.00s w cavan pts/3 121.34.147.13 10:14 20:44 0.38s 0.11s vim Dockerfile [root@localhost ~]#
6.2查看指定用戶的信息
id <用戶名>
[root@localhost ~]# id root uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) [root@localhost ~]# id cavan uid=1001(cavan) gid=1001(cavan) groups=1001(cavan) [root@localhost ~]#
6.3查看用戶登錄日志
last
[root@localhost 1]# last root pts/0 192.168.174.1 Mon Oct 24 09:51 still logged in (unknown :0 :0 Mon Oct 24 09:27 still logged in reboot system boot 3.10.0-327.el7.x Mon Oct 24 09:26 - 11:35 (02:09) root pts/0 192.168.174.1 Fri Oct 21 09:41 - 18:44 (09:03) (unknown :0 :0 Fri Oct 21 09:15 - 18:44 (09:28) reboot system boot 3.10.0-327.el7.x Fri Oct 21 09:15 - 11:35 (3+02:20) root pts/1 192.168.174.1 Thu Oct 20 10:05 - 18:13 (08:08) root pts/0
6.4查看系統所有用戶
cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
[root@localhost ~]# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd root bin daemon adm lp sync shutdown halt mail operator games ftp nobody dbus polkitd abrt unbound colord usbmuxd ntp