expect - 自動交互腳本

轉自：http://xstarcd.github.io/wiki/shell/expect.html

expect參數

啟用選項

-c:執行腳本前先執行的命令，可多次使用。
-d:debug模式，可以在運行時輸出一些診斷信息，與在腳本開始處使用exp_internal 1相似。
-D:啟用交換調式器,可設一整數參數。
-f:從文件讀取命令，僅用於使用#!時。如果文件名為"-"，則從stdin讀取(使用"./-"從文件名為-的文件讀取)。
-i:交互式輸入命令，使用"exit"或"EOF"退出輸入狀態。
--:標示選項結束(如果你需要傳遞與expect選項相似的參數給腳本時)，可放到#!行:#!/usr/bin/expect --。
-v:顯示expect版本信息。

常用命令

# 命令行參數 
# $argv，參數數組，使用[lindex $argv n]獲取，$argv 0為腳本名字
# $argc，參數個數
set username [lindex $argv 1]  # 獲取第1個參數
set passwd [lindex $argv 2]    # 獲取第2個參數

set timeout 30 # 設置超時

# spawn是expect內部命令，開啟ssh連接
spawn ssh -l username 192.168.1.1

# 判斷上次輸出結果里是否包含“password:”的字符串，如果有則立即返回，否則就等待一段時間(timeout)后返回
expect "password:"

# 發送內容ispass(密碼、命令等)
send "ispass\r"

# 發送內容給用戶
send_user "$argv0 [lrange $argv 0 2]\n"
send_user "It's OK\r"
# 執行完成后保持交互狀態，控制權交給控制台(手工操作)。否則會完成后會退出。
interact

命令介紹

close:關閉當前進程的連接。
debug:控制調試器。

disconnect:斷開進程連接(進程仍在后台運行)。

定時讀取密碼、執行priv_prog

send_user "password?\ "
expect_user -re "(.*)\n"
for {} 1 {} {
    if {[fork]!=0} {sleep 3600;continue}
    disconnect
    spawn priv_prog
    expect Password:
    send "$expect_out(1,string)\r"
    . . .
    exit
}

exit:退出expect。
exp_continue [-continue_timer]:繼續執行下面的匹配。
exp_internal [-f file] value:

expect范例

自動telnet會話

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1個參數,作為IP
set userid [lindex $argv 1 ]     # 接收第2個參數,作為userid
set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3個參數,作為密碼
set mycommand [lindex $argv 3 ]  # 接收第4個參數，作為命令
set timeout 10                   # 設置超時時間

# 向遠程服務器請求打開一個telnet會話，並等待服務器詢問用戶名
spawn telnet $ip
    expect "username:"
    # 輸入用戶名，並等待服務器詢問密碼
    send "$userid\r"
    expect "password:"
    # 輸入密碼，並等待鍵入需要運行的命令
    send "$mypassword\r"
    expect "%"
    # 輸入預先定好的密碼，等待運行結果
    send "$mycommand\r"
    expect "%"
    # 將運行結果存入到變量中，顯示出來或者寫到磁盤中
    set results $expect_out(buffer)
    # 退出telnet會話，等待服務器的退出提示EOF
    send "exit\r"
    expect eof

自動建立FTP會話

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1個參數,作為IP
set userid [lindex $argv 1 ]     # 接收第2個參數,作為Userid
set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3個參數,作為密碼
set timeout 10                   # 設置超時時間

# 向遠程服務器請求打開一個FTP會話，並等待服務器詢問用戶名
spawn ftp $ip
    expect "username:"
    # 輸入用戶名，並等待服務器詢問密碼
    send "$userid\r"
    expect "password:"
    # 輸入密碼，並等待FTP提示符的出現
    send "$mypassword\r"
    expect "ftp>"
    # 切換到二進制模式，並等待FTP提示符的出現
    send "bin\r"
    expect "ftp>"
    # 關閉ftp的提示符
    send "prompt\r"
    expect "ftp>"
    # 下載所有文件
    send "mget *\r"
    expect "ftp>"
    # 退出此次ftp會話，並等待服務器的退出提示EOF
    send "bye\r"
    expect eof

自動登錄ssh執行命令

#!/usr/bin/expect
set IP     [lindex $argv 0]
set USER   [lindex $argv 1]
set PASSWD [lindex $argv 2]
set CMD    [lindex $argv 3]

spawn ssh $USER@$IP $CMD
expect {
    "(yes/no)?" {
        send "yes\r"
        expect "password:"
        send "$PASSWD\r"
        }
    "password:" {send "$PASSWD\r"}
    "* to host" {exit 1}
    }
expect eof

自動登錄ssh

#!/usr/bin/expect -f  
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1個參數,作為IP
set username [lindex $argv 1 ]   # 接收第2個參數,作為username
set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3個參數,作為密碼
set timeout 10                   # 設置超時時間 

spawn ssh $username@$ip       # 發送ssh請求
expect {                      # 返回信息匹配 
"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}  # 第一次ssh連接會提示yes/no,繼續  
"*password:" { send "$mypassword\r" }    # 出現密碼提示,發送密碼  
} 
interact        # 交互模式,用戶會停留在遠程服務器上面

批量登錄ssh服務器執行操作范例，設定增量的for循環

#!/usr/bin/expect
for {set i 10} {$i <= 12} {incr i} {
    set timeout 30
    set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]
    spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user abc$i.com

    expect_before "no)?" {
    send "yes\r" }
    sleep 1
    expect "password*"
    send "hello\r"
    expect "*#"
    send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"
    expect "*#"
    send "echo\r"
}
exit

批量登錄ssh並執行命令，foreach語法

#!/usr/bin/expect
if {$argc!=2} {
    send_user "usage: ./expect ssh_user password\n"
    exit
}
foreach i {11 12} {
    set timeout 30
    set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]
    set password [lindex $argv 1]
    spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user root@xxx.yy.com
    expect_before "no)?" {
    send "yes\r" }
    sleep 1

    expect "Enter passphrase for key*"
    send "password\r"
    expect "*#"
    send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"
    expect "*#"
    send "echo\r"
}
exit

另一自動ssh范例，從命令行獲取服務器IP，foreach語法，expect嵌套

#!/usr/bin/expect
# 使用方法: script_name ip1 ip2 ip3 ...

set timeout 20
if {$argc < 1} {
  puts "Usage: script IPs"
  exit 1
}
# 替換你自己的用戶名
set user "username"
#替換你自己的登錄密碼
set password "yourpassword"

foreach IP $argv {
spawn ssh $user@$IP

expect \
  "(yes/no)?" {
    send "yes\r"
    expect "password:?" {
      send "$password\r"
    }
  } "password:?" {
    send "$password\r"
}

expect "\$?"
# 替換你要執行的命令
send "last\r"
expect "\$?"
sleep 10
send "exit\r"
expect eof
}

批量ssh執行命令，用shell調用tclsh方式、多進程同時執行

tclsh - Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter

#!/bin/sh
# -*- tcl -*- \
exec tclsh $0 "$@"
package require Expect
set username [lindex $argv 0]
set password [lindex $argv 1]
set argv [lrange $argv 2 end]
set prompt "(%|#|\\$) $"
foreach ip $argv {
    spawn ssh -t $username@$ip sh
    lappend ids $spawn_id
}
expect_before -i ids eof {
    set index [lsearch $ids $expect_out(spawn_id)]
    set ids [lreplace $ids $index $index]
    if [llength $ids] exp_continue
}
expect -i ids "(yes/no)\\?" {
    send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) yes\r
    exp_continue
} -i ids "Enter passphrase for key" {
    send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) \r
    exp_continue
} -i ids "assword:" {
    send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) $password\r
    exp_continue
} -i ids -re $prompt {
    set spawn_id $expect_out(spawn_id)
    send "echo hello; exit\r"
    exp_continue
} timeout {
    exit 1
}

ssh登錄過程常規提示文字

The authenticity of host '192.168.17.35 (192.168.17.35)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 25:e8:4c:89:a3:b2:06:ee:de:66:c7:7e:1b:fa:1c:c5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?


Warning: Permanently added '192.168.17.35' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Enter passphrase for key '/data/key/my_dsa':


Last login: Sun Jan 26 13:39:37 2014 from 192.168.11.143
[root@master003 ~]#


root@192.168.16.90's password:


Last login: Thu Jan 23 17:50:43 2014 from 192.168.11.102
[root@lvsmaster ~]#

ssh自動登錄expect腳本:ssh.expect

#!/usr/bin/expect -f
# Auther:YuanXing
# Update:2014-02-08
if {$argc < 4} {
    send_user "Usage:\n  $argv0 IPaddr User Passwd Port Passphrase\n"
    puts stderr "argv error!\n"
    sleep 1
    exit 1
}

set ip         [lindex $argv 0 ]
set user       [lindex $argv 1 ]
set passwd     [lindex $argv 2 ]
set port       [lindex $argv 3 ]
set passphrase [lindex $argv 4 ]
set timeout 6
if {$port == ""} {
    set port 22
}
#send_user "IP:$ip,User:$user,Passwd:$passwd,Port:$port,Passphrase:$passphrase"
spawn ssh -p $port $user@$ip

expect_before "(yes/no)\\?" {
    send "yes\r"}

expect \
"Enter passphrase for key*" {
    send "$passphrase\r"
    exp_continue
} " password:?" {
    send "$passwd\r"
    exp_continue
} "*\[#\\\$]" {
    interact
} "* to host" {
    send_user "Connect faild!"
    exit 2
} timeout {
    send_user "Connect timeout!"
    exit 2
} eof {
    send_user "Lost connect!"
    exit
}

Mikrotik backup script using ssh and expect

http://www.pmoghadam.com/homepage/HTML/mikrotik-backup-script-ssh-expect.html

#!/bin/bash
# BY: Pejman Moghadam
# TAG: mikrotik, ssh, expect, lftp
# DATE: 2012-05-27 14:42:14 

BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups"
HOSTNAME="192.168.88.1"
PORT="22"
USER="admin"
PASS="123456"
TMP=$(mktemp)
TODAY=$(date +%F)
FILENAME="$HOSTNAME-$TODAY"
PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"

# create expect script
cat > $TMP << EOF 
#exp_internal 1 # Uncomment for debug
set timeout -1
spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$HOSTNAME
match_max 100000
expect -exact "password:"
send -- "$PASS\r"
sleep 1
expect " > "
send -- "/export file=$FILENAME\r"
expect " > "
send -- "/system backup save name=$FILENAME\r"
expect " > "
send -- "quit\r"
expect eof
EOF

# run expect script
#cat $TMP # Uncomment for debug
expect -f $TMP

# remove expect script
rm $TMP

# download and remove backup files
# "xfer:clobber on" means overwrite existing files
cd ${BACKUP_DIR}
echo "
  set xfer:clobber on
  get ${FILENAME}.rsc
  rm ${FILENAME}.rsc 
  get ${FILENAME}.backup
  rm ${FILENAME}.backup" | 
lftp -u $USER,$PASS $HOSTNAME

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