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rabbitmq在centos7下安裝

本文轉載自   查看原文   2018-03-05 10:46   6440    其他

一. RabbitMQ隊列

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#消息中間件 -消息隊列
   - 異步 提交的任務不需要實時得到結果或回應
 
python線程Q 實現了在同一個進程間不同線程間的交互
python線程Q 也可以實現進程間Q的通信

a. 安裝

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#Centos7 安裝
 
#注意/etc/hosts文件 ip和主機名對應
wget https: / / github.com / rabbitmq / rabbitmq - server / releases / download / rabbitmq_v3_6_10 / rabbitmq - server - 3.6 . 10 - 1.el7 .noarch.rpm
yum install epel - release - y
yum install rabbitmq - server - 3.6 . 10 - 1.el7 .noarch.rpm
rabbitmq - plugins enable rabbitmq_management
cp / usr / share / doc / rabbitmq - server - 3.6 . 10 / rabbitmq.config.example / etc / rabbitmq / rabbitmq.config
systemctl restart rabbitmq - server
systemctl status rabbitmq - server
 
#創建用戶 授權
rabbitmqctl  add_user alex alex3714
rabbitmqctl set_permissions - p / alex ".*" ".*" ".*"

 啟動失敗：

[root@openstack ~]# systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service 
Job for rabbitmq-server.service failed. See ‘systemctl status rabbitmq-server.service’ and ‘journalctl -xn’ for details. 


[root@openstack ~]# systemctl status rabbitmq-server.service 
rabbitmq-server.service – RabbitMQ broker 
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rabbitmq-server.service; enabled) 
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since 六 2016-04-30 23:19:21 CST; 8s ago 
Process: 3593 ExecStop=/usr/lib/rabbitmq/bin/rabbitmqctl stop (code=exited, status=2) 
Process: 3563 ExecStart=/usr/lib/rabbitmq/bin/rabbitmq-server (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE) 
Main PID: 3563 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

4月 30 23:19:21 openstack rabbitmqctl[3593]: * epmd reports: node ‘rabbit’ not running at all 
4月 30 23:19:21 openstack rabbitmqctl[3593]: no other nodes on openstack 
4月 30 23:19:21 openstack rabbitmqctl[3593]: * suggestion: start the node 
4月 30 23:19:21 openstack rabbitmqctl[3593]: current node details: 
4月 30 23:19:21 openstack rabbitmqctl[3593]: – node name: rabbitmqctl3593@openstack 
4月 30 23:19:21 openstack rabbitmqctl[3593]: – home dir: /var/lib/rabbitmq 
4月 30 23:19:21 openstack rabbitmqctl[3593]: – cookie hash: DuHinHyRsf96Yx7NcAaAuQ== 
4月 30 23:19:21 openstack systemd[1]: rabbitmq-server.service: control process exited, code=exited status=2 
4月 30 23:19:21 openstack systemd[1]: Failed to start RabbitMQ broker. 
4月 30 23:19:21 openstack systemd[1]: Unit rabbitmq-server.service entered failed state.

 

　解決辦法：

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=5672/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload
setsebool -P nis_enabled 1

systemctl start rabbitmq-server再次啟動:

[root@oldboy_zny rabbitmq]# systemctl start rabbitmq-server
[root@oldboy_zny rabbitmq]# systemctl status rabbitmq-server
rabbitmq-server.service - RabbitMQ broker
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rabbitmq-server.service; enabled)
   Active: active (running) since 一 2018-03-05 10:33:48 CST; 8s ago
  Process: 22014 ExecStop=/usr/sbin/rabbitmqctl stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 22152 (beam)
   Status: "Initialized"
   CGroup: /system.slice/rabbitmq-server.service
           ├─22152 /usr/lib64/erlang/erts-5.10.4/bin/beam -W w -A 64 -P 1048576 -t 5000000 -stbt db -zdbbl 32000 -K true -- -root /usr/lib64/erlang...
           ├─22441 inet_gethost 4
           └─22442 inet_gethost 4

3月 05 10:33:47 oldboy_zny rabbitmq-server[22152]: ##  ##
3月 05 10:33:47 oldboy_zny rabbitmq-server[22152]: ##########  Logs: /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@oldboy_zny.log
3月 05 10:33:47 oldboy_zny rabbitmq-server[22152]: ######  ##        /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@oldboy_zny-sasl.log
3月 05 10:33:47 oldboy_zny rabbitmq-server[22152]: ##########
3月 05 10:33:47 oldboy_zny rabbitmq-server[22152]: Starting broker...
3月 05 10:33:48 oldboy_zny rabbitmq-server[22152]: systemd unit for activation check: "bin"
3月 05 10:33:48 oldboy_zny rabbitmq-server[22152]: 'systemctl' unavailable, falling back to sleep
3月 05 10:33:48 oldboy_zny systemd[1]: Started RabbitMQ broker.
3月 05 10:33:49 oldboy_zny python[22447]: SELinux is preventing /usr/bin/bash from getattr access on the file .
                                           
                                           *****  Plugin catchall (100. confidence) suggests   **************************...
3月 05 10:33:53 oldboy_zny rabbitmq-server[22152]: completed with 6 plugins.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

　　

b. 創建用戶 授權 

#遠程連接rabbitmq server的話,需要配置權限

#創建用戶
rabbitmqctl  add_user alex alex3714
　
#同時還要配置權限，允許從外面訪問
rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / alex ".*" ".*" ".*"

  set_permissions [-p vhost] {user} {conf} {write} {read}

  vhost
  The name of the virtual host to which to grant the user access, defaulting to /.

  user
  The name of the user to grant access to the specified virtual host.

  conf
  A regular expression matching resource names for which the user is granted configure permissions.

  write
  A regular expression matching resource names for which the user is granted write permissions.

  read
  A regular expression matching resource names for which the user is granted read permissions.

c. python rabbitMQ module 安裝

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pip install pika
or
easy_install pika
or
源碼
   
https: / / pypi.python.org / pypi / pika

二. 事例

參考博客：http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/8507109.html

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注意: 一般申明隊列(如下代碼)只需要在服務端申明,但客戶端也可以申明,是防止如果服務端沒有啟動,客戶端先啟動后沒有隊列會報錯
      此時服務端如果有相同代碼,會檢查,如果有相同隊列就不創建
 
channel.queue_declare(queue = 'hello' )

a. 服務端和客戶端一對一 

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#查看隊列
     # rabbitmqctl list_queues
 
#客戶端再次申明隊列是因為客戶端要清楚去哪里取數據
     channel.queue_declare(queue = 'hello' ) 
import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("egon","egon123")                     #授權的賬號 密碼
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.11.106',credentials=credentials))  #建立socket

channel = connection.channel()            #創建rabbitmq協議通道

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')      #通過通道生成一個隊列

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',      #隊列
                      body='Hello World!')      #內容
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()
sender.py 
import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("egon","egon123")                     #授權的賬號 密碼
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.11.106',credentials=credentials))  #建立socket

channel = connection.channel()


channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(ch)              #上面channel = connection.channel()對象
    print(method)          #除了服務端本身的數據，還帶一些參數
    print(properties)      #屬性
    print(body)            #byte數據


channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=True)

print(' Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
receive.py

b. 消息持久化

1. 模擬客戶端中斷 觀察服務端隊列的數據會不會返回(不會)

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#- 開啟一個服務端,兩個客戶端
#- 服務端向隊列中存放一個值,一客戶端從隊列中取到數據,在睡20秒期間中斷,表示出錯,它不會報告給服務端
#- 這時隊列中為零,另一客戶端也不會取到值
# no_ack=True 表示客戶端處理完了不需要向服務端確認消息 
import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("egon","egon123")                     #授權的賬號 密碼
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.11.106',credentials=credentials))  #建立socket

channel = connection.channel()            #創建rabbitmq協議通道

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')      #通過通道生成一個隊列

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',      #隊列
                      body='Hello World!')      #內容
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()
send.py 
import pika
import time

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("egon","egon123")                     #授權的賬號 密碼
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.11.106',credentials=credentials))  #建立socket

channel = connection.channel()


channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print("received msg...start process",body)
    time.sleep(10)
    print("end process...")


channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=True)

print(' Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
receive.py

2. 模擬客戶端中斷 觀察服務端隊列的數據會不會返回(會) 

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#1. 生產者端發消息時，加參數 消息持久化
     properties = pika.BasicProperties(
         delivery_mode = 2 ,  # make message persistent
     ),
#2. 消費者端，消息處理完畢時，發送確認包  
     ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
 
     channel.basic_consume(callback, #取到消息后，調用callback 函數
       queue = 'task1' ,)
       #no_ack=True) #消息處理后，不向rabbit-server確認消息已消費完畢
#- 開啟一個服務端,兩個客戶端
#- 服務端向隊列中存放一個值,一客戶端從隊列中取到數據,在睡20秒期間中斷,表示出錯,它會報給服務端,服務端隊列還有值
#- 這時啟動另一客戶端還可以取到值 
import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("egon","egon123")                     #授權的賬號 密碼
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.11.106',credentials=credentials))  #建立socket

channel = connection.channel()            #創建rabbitmq協議通道

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')      #通過通道生成一個隊列

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',      #隊列
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode=2,  # make message persistent
                      ),
                      body='Hello World!')      #內容
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()
sender.py  
import pika
import time

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("egon","egon123")                     #授權的賬號 密碼
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.11.106',credentials=credentials))  #建立socket

channel = connection.channel()


channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print("received msg...start process",body)
    time.sleep(10)
    print("end process...")
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)


channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      )

print(' Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
receive.py

c. 隊列持久化

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#隊列持久化
 
channel.queue_declare(queue = 'hello' ,durable = True )
systemctl restart rabbitmq - server       #重啟服務發現hello隊列還在,但是消息不在
rabbitmqctl list_queues
     #hello
 
 
#隊列和消息持久化
channel.queue_declare(queue = 'hello' ,durable = True )
 
properties = pika.BasicProperties(
     delivery_mode = 2 ,  # make message persistent
),
systemctl restart rabbitmq - server       #重啟服務發現隊列和消息都還在
rabbitmqctl list_queues
     #hello 6 
import pika

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("egon","egon123")                     #授權的賬號 密碼
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.11.106',credentials=credentials))  #建立socket

channel = connection.channel()            #創建rabbitmq協議通道

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello',durable=True)      #通過通道生成一個隊列

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',      #隊列
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode=2,  # make message persistent
                      ),
                      body='Hello World!')      #內容
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()
sender.py

d. fanout 廣播

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#服務端：
   - 不需要申明隊列
#客戶端：
   - 每個客戶端都需要申明一個隊列,自動設置隊列名稱,收聽廣播,當收聽完后queue刪除
   - 把隊列綁定到exchange上
#注意：客戶端先打開,服務端再打開,客戶端會收到消息
  
#應用：
   - 微博粉絲在線,博主發消息,粉絲可以收到
 
#如果服務端先啟動向exchange發消息,這時客戶端沒有啟動,沒有隊列保存數據(exchange不負責保存數據)
#這時數據會丟,隊列中沒有數據
#exchange只負責轉發 
import pika
import sys
import time


credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("egon","egon123")                     #授權的賬號 密碼
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('172.16.42.128',credentials=credentials))  #建立socket

channel = connection.channel()                             #創建rabbitmq協議通道

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',type='fanout')

message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',
                      routing_key='',
                      body=message)
print(" Send %r" % message)
connection.close()
sender.py 
import pika
import time

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("egon","egon123")                     #授權的賬號 密碼
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('172.16.42.128',credentials=credentials))  #建立socket

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                         type='fanout')

queue_obj = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)  #隨機創建一個隊列對象 exclusive=True會在使用此queue的消費者斷開后,自動將queue刪除
queue_name = queue_obj.method.queue                #不指定queue名字,rabbit會隨機分配一個名字,

channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs',queue=queue_name)    #把queue綁定到exchange

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r" % body)


channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()
receive.py

e. direct 組播

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#客戶端一：
     - python3 receive1.py info
#客戶端二：
     - python3 receive1.py  error
#客戶端三：
     - python3 receive1.py  warning
#客戶端四：
     - python3 receive1.py  warning error info
#服務端：
     - python3 receive1.py  warning 
import pika
import sys
import time


credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("egon","egon123")                   #授權的賬號 密碼
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('172.16.42.128',credentials=credentials))  #建立socket

channel = connection.channel()                  #創建rabbitmq協議通道

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',type='direct')

severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'

message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'

channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',
                      routing_key=severity,
                      body=message)

print(" Send %r:%r" % (severity, message))
connection.close()
sender.py 
import pika
import time
import sys

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("egon","egon123")                     #授權的賬號 密碼
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('172.16.42.128',credentials=credentials))  #建立socket

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',type='direct')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

severities = sys.argv[1:]
if not severities:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)

for severity in severities:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=severity)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))


channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
receive.py

f. topic 規則傳播

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#客戶端一：
     - python3 receive1.py * .django
#客戶端二：
     - python3 receive1.py mysql.error
#客戶端三：
     - python3 receive1.py mysql. *
 
#服務端：
     - python3 receive1.py  #匹配相應的客戶端  
import pika
import time
import sys

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("egon","egon123")                     #授權的賬號 密碼
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('172.16.42.128',credentials=credentials))  #建立socket

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',type='topic')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]
if not binding_keys:
    print(sys.argv[1:])
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)

for binding_key in binding_keys:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=binding_key)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))


channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()
receive.py 
import pika
import sys
import time


credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("egon","egon123")                   #授權的賬號 密碼
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('172.16.42.128',credentials=credentials))  #建立socket

channel = connection.channel()                  #創建rabbitmq協議通道

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',type='topic')

routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info'

message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
                      routing_key=routing_key,
                      body=message)

print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))
sender.py

以生產者消費者舉例四種模式：

　　生產者：

# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#  Author :    張寧陽
#  date：      2018/3/6
# ######################### 簡答模式生產者 #########################
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='192.168.20.56',port=5672,
        credentials=pika.credentials.PlainCredentials(
            username='alex',
            password='alex3714'
        )))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',
                      body='ssssssssssssss')

print(" 已經 發送 'ssssssssssssssssss'")
connection.close()


######################基於exchang分發模式的生產者###########################
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='192.168.20.56',port=5672,
        credentials=pika.credentials.PlainCredentials(
            username='alex',
            password='alex3714'
        )))

channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                         exchange_type='fanout')

message = "info: Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',
                      routing_key='',
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()



##########基於exchange關鍵字模式的生產者##############
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='192.168.20.56',port=5672,
        credentials=pika.credentials.PlainCredentials(
            username='alex',
            password='alex3714'
        )))

channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                         exchange_type='direct')

message = "info: Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',
                      routing_key='info',#關鍵字：info、error、warning
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()



##########基於exchange模糊匹配模式的生產者##############
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='192.168.20.56',port=5672,
        credentials=pika.credentials.PlainCredentials(
            username='alex',
            password='alex3714'
        )))

channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                         exchange_type='topic')

message = "info: Hello World!"
#routing_key="模糊匹配字符"
routing_keys=["old.boy.python ","old.boy"]
for key in routing_keys:
    channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
                          routing_key=key,
                          body=message)
    print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()

　　消費者

# ! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#  Author :    張寧陽
#  date：      2018/3/6
##########################基於簡單模式的 消費者 ##########################
import pika


connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.20.56',port=5672,
        credentials=pika.credentials.PlainCredentials(
            username='alex',
            password='alex3714'
        )))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" 已經 接受 %r" % body)


channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=True)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()



##############基於exchange分發模式消費者#####################
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='192.168.20.56',port=5672,
        credentials=pika.credentials.PlainCredentials(
            username='alex',
            password='alex3714'
        )))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                         exchange_type='fanout')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs',
                   queue=queue_name)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

##########################基於exchange的關鍵字模式的 消費者 ##########################
import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.20.56', port=5672,
                                                               credentials=pika.credentials.PlainCredentials(
                                                                   username='alex',
                                                                   password='alex3714'
                                                               )))

channel = connection.channel()

# 生成交換機
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                         exchange_type='direct')

# 創建的隊列
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
# 創建的隊列的隨機名稱
queue_name = result.method.queue

# 給隊列與direct_logs這個交換機綁定三個關鍵字
severities = ["info", "warning", "error"]
for severity in severities:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=severity)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))


channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()


##########################基於exchange的模糊匹配模式的 消費者 ##########################
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='192.168.20.56', port=5672,
                                                               credentials=pika.credentials.PlainCredentials(
                                                                   username='alex',
                                                                   password='alex3714'
                                                               )))

channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                         exchange_type='topic')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue



bind_keys=["old.*","old.#"]
for bind_key in bind_keys:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=bind_key)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))


channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

 基於RabbitMQ的RPC

回到頂部

Callback queue 回調隊列

一個客戶端向服務器發送請求，服務器端處理請求后，將其處理結果保存在一個存儲體中。而客戶端為了獲得處理結果，那么客戶在向服務器發送請求時，同時發送一個回調隊列地址reply_to。

Correlation id 關聯標識

一個客戶端可能會發送多個請求給服務器，當服務器處理完后，客戶端無法辨別在回調隊列中的響應具體和那個請求時對應的。為了處理這種情況，客戶端在發送每個請求時，同時會附帶一個獨有correlation_id屬性，這樣客戶端在回調隊列中根據correlation_id字段的值就可以分辨此響應屬於哪個請求。

  
客戶端發送請求：某個應用將請求信息交給客戶端，然后客戶端發送RPC請求，在發送RPC請求到RPC請求隊列時，客戶端至少發送帶有reply_to以及correlation_id兩個屬性的信息

服務器端工作流： 等待接受客戶端發來RPC請求，當請求出現的時候，服務器從RPC請求隊列中取出請求，然后處理后，將響應發送到reply_to指定的回調隊列中

客戶端接受處理結果： 客戶端等待回調隊列中出現響應，當響應出現時，它會根據響應中correlation_id字段的值，將其返回給對應的應用

服務器端

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika

# 建立連接，服務器地址為localhost，可指定ip地址
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))

# 建立會話
channel = connection.channel()

# 聲明RPC請求隊列
channel.queue_declare(queue='rpc_queue')

# 數據處理方法
def fib(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 0
    elif n == 1:
        return 1
    else:
        return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)

# 對RPC請求隊列中的請求進行處理
def on_request(ch, method, props, body):
    n = int(body)

    print(" [.] fib(%s)" % n)

    # 調用數據處理方法
    response = fib(n)

    # 將處理結果(響應)發送到回調隊列
    ch.basic_publish(exchange='',
                     routing_key=props.reply_to,
                     properties=pika.BasicProperties(correlation_id = \
                                                         props.correlation_id),
                     body=str(response))
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

# 負載均衡，同一時刻發送給該服務器的請求不超過一個
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

channel.basic_consume(on_request, queue='rpc_queue')

print(" [x] Awaiting RPC requests")
channel.start_consuming()

客戶端

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import uuid

class FibonacciRpcClient(object):
    def __init__(self):
        ”“”
        客戶端啟動時，創建回調隊列，會開啟會話用於發送RPC請求以及接受響應
        
        “”“
        
        # 建立連接，指定服務器的ip地址
        self.connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))
                
        # 建立一個會話，每個channel代表一個會話任務
        self.channel = self.connection.channel()
        
        # 聲明回調隊列，再次聲明的原因是，服務器和客戶端可能先后開啟，該聲明是冪等的，多次聲明，但只生效一次
        result = self.channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
        # 將次隊列指定為當前客戶端的回調隊列
        self.callback_queue = result.method.queue
        
        # 客戶端訂閱回調隊列，當回調隊列中有響應時，調用`on_response`方法對響應進行處理; 
        self.channel.basic_consume(self.on_response, no_ack=True,
                                   queue=self.callback_queue)


    # 對回調隊列中的響應進行處理的函數
    def on_response(self, ch, method, props, body):
        if self.corr_id == props.correlation_id:
            self.response = body


    # 發出RPC請求
    def call(self, n):
    
        # 初始化 response
        self.response = None
        
        #生成correlation_id 
        self.corr_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
        
        # 發送RPC請求內容到RPC請求隊列`rpc_queue`，同時發送的還有`reply_to`和`correlation_id`
        self.channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                                   routing_key='rpc_queue',
                                   properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                                         reply_to = self.callback_queue,
                                         correlation_id = self.corr_id,
                                         ),
                                   body=str(n))
                                   
        
        while self.response is None:
            self.connection.process_data_events()
        return int(self.response)

# 建立客戶端
fibonacci_rpc = FibonacciRpcClient()

# 發送RPC請求
print(" [x] Requesting fib(30)")
response = fibonacci_rpc.call(30)
print(" [.] Got %r" % response)

 

　　

 

Alex　


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