springboot入門之簡單demo

項目構建

　　我們采用maven構建SpringBoot工程，首先創建一個maven工程，對應的pom文件如下：

<properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <!--集成springboot的父依賴-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.7.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!--打可執行jar包-->
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

創建Application.java

package com.ysl;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class,args);
    }
}

運行main方法，運行結果如下：

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.5.7.RELEASE)

2018-03-03 10:28:24.028  INFO 6358 --- [           main] com.ysl.Application                      : Starting Application on master with PID 6358 (/home/workspace/springboottest/target/classes started by ysl in /home/workspace/springboottest)
2018-03-03 10:28:24.038  INFO 6358 --- [           main] com.ysl.Application                      : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-03-03 10:28:24.218  INFO 6358 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@1b37288: startup date [Sat Mar 03 10:28:24 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-03-03 10:28:27.001  INFO 6358 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2018-03-03 10:28:27.025  INFO 6358 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2018-03-03 10:28:27.026  INFO 6358 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.20
2018-03-03 10:28:27.141  INFO 6358 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2018-03-03 10:28:27.142  INFO 6358 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2936 ms
2018-03-03 10:28:27.294  INFO 6358 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean  : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2018-03-03 10:28:27.299  INFO 6358 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2018-03-03 10:28:27.300  INFO 6358 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2018-03-03 10:28:27.300  INFO 6358 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2018-03-03 10:28:27.300  INFO 6358 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean   : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2018-03-03 10:28:27.669  INFO 6358 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@1b37288: startup date [Sat Mar 03 10:28:24 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-03-03 10:28:27.755  INFO 6358 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2018-03-03 10:28:27.756  INFO 6358 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2018-03-03 10:28:27.795  INFO 6358 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-03-03 10:28:27.796  INFO 6358 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-03-03 10:28:27.835  INFO 6358 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-03-03 10:28:28.143  INFO 6358 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-03-03 10:28:28.252  INFO 6358 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2018-03-03 10:28:28.261  INFO 6358 --- [           main] com.ysl.Application                      : Started Application in 5.148 seconds (JVM running for 5.974)

　　spring boot已經啟動，內嵌tomcat容器，監聽為8080端口，一個springboot程序就這么簡單的被創建了。

@SpringBootApplication 注解

SpringBootApplication注解的源碼如下：

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
    excludeFilters = {@Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
    @AliasFor(
        annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class,
        attribute = "exclude"
    )
    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

    @AliasFor(
        annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class,
        attribute = "excludeName"
    )
    String[] excludeName() default {};

    @AliasFor(
        annotation = ComponentScan.class,
        attribute = "basePackages"
    )
    String[] scanBasePackages() default {};

    @AliasFor(
        annotation = ComponentScan.class,
        attribute = "basePackageClasses"
    )
    Class<?>[] scanBasePackageClasses() default {};
}

@Configuration : 表示Application作為sprig配置文件存在 
@EnableAutoConfiguration: 啟動spring boot內置的自動配置 
@ComponentScan : 掃描bean，路徑為Application類所在package以及package下的子路徑，這里為 com.ysl，在spring boot中bean都放置在該路徑已經子路徑下。

構建REST工程

　　上面的操作連個HelloWorld都沒有出來，遠遠滿不足我們的需求。在com.ysl下創建子包controller，在該包下創建TestController.java，內容如下：

package com.ysl.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.Mapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class TestController {

    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String home(){
        return "hello,springboot";
    }

}

重新啟動程序，訪問http:localhost:8080，得到結果：hello,springboot