回顧前面的文章,實現了一個簡單工廠模式來創建不同類對象,但由於c++沒有類似new "Circle"之類的語法,導致數中需要不斷地ifelse地去判斷,如果有多個不同類對象需要創建,顯然這是很費神的,下面通過宏定義注冊的方法來實現動態創建對象
|
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 |
#ifndef _SHAPE_H_ #define _SHAPE_H_ class Shape { public: virtual void Draw() = 0; virtual ~Shape() {} }; class Circle : public Shape { public: void Draw(); ~Circle(); }; class Square : public Shape { public: void Draw(); ~Square(); }; class Rectangle : public Shape { public: void Draw(); ~Rectangle(); }; #endif // _SHAPE_H_ |
|
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 |
#include "Shape.h" #include "DynBase.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; void Circle::Draw() { cout << "Circle::Draw() ..." << endl; } Circle::~Circle() { cout << "~Circle ..." << endl; } void Square::Draw() { cout << "Square::Draw() ..." << endl; } Square::~Square() { cout << "~Square ..." << endl; } void Rectangle::Draw() { cout << "Rectangle::Draw() ..." << endl; } Rectangle::~Rectangle() { cout << "~Rectangle ..." << endl; } REGISTER_CLASS(Circle); REGISTER_CLASS(Square); REGISTER_CLASS(Rectangle); |
DynBase.h:
|
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 |
#ifndef _DYN_BASE_H_ #define _DYN_BASE_H_ #include <map> #include <string> using namespace std; typedef void *(*CREATE_FUNC)(); class DynObjectFactory { public: static void *CreateObject(const string &name) { map<string, CREATE_FUNC>::const_iterator it; it = mapCls_.find(name); if (it == mapCls_.end()) return 0; else return it->second(); //func(); } static void Register(const string &name, CREATE_FUNC func) { mapCls_[name] = func; } private: static map<string, CREATE_FUNC> mapCls_; }; // g++ // __attribute ((weak)) __declspec(selectany) map<string, CREATE_FUNC> DynObjectFactory::mapCls_; //頭文件被包含多次,也只定義一次mapCls_; class Register { public: Register(const string &name, CREATE_FUNC func) { DynObjectFactory::Register(name, func); } }; #define REGISTER_CLASS(class_name) \ class class_name##Register { \ public: \ static void* NewInstance() \ { \ return new class_name; \ } \ private: \ static Register reg_; \ }; \ Register class_name##Register::reg_(#class_name, class_name##Register::NewInstance) //CircleRegister #endif // _DYN_BASE_H_ |
DynTest.cpp:
|
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 |
#include "Shape.h" #include "DynBase.h" #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> using namespace std; void DrawAllShapes(const vector<Shape *> &v) { vector<Shape *>::const_iterator it; for (it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it) { (*it)->Draw(); } } void DeleteAllShapes(const vector<Shape *> &v) { vector<Shape *>::const_iterator it; for (it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it) { delete(*it); } } int main(void) { vector<Shape *> v; Shape *ps; ps = static_cast<Shape *>(DynObjectFactory::CreateObject("Circle")); v.push_back(ps); ps = static_cast<Shape *>(DynObjectFactory::CreateObject("Square")); v.push_back(ps); ps = static_cast<Shape *>(DynObjectFactory::CreateObject("Rectangle")); v.push_back(ps); DrawAllShapes(v); DeleteAllShapes(v); return 0; } |

在DynBase.h 中#define了一個宏定義REGISTER_CLASS(class_name),且在Shape.cpp 中調用宏定義,拿REGISTER_CLASS(Circle);
來說,程序編譯預處理階段會被替換成:
class CircleRegister {
public:
static void* NewInstance()
{
return new Circle;
}
private:
static Register reg_;
};
Register CircleRegister::reg_("Circle",CircleRegister::NewInstance);
也即定義了一個新類,且由於含有static 成員,則在main函數執行前先執行初始化,調用Register類構造函數,在構造函數中調用
DynObjectFactory::Register(name, func); 即調用DynObjectFactory 類的靜態成員函數,在Register函數中通過map容器完成了
字符串與函數指針配對的注冊,如mapCls_[name] = func;
進入main函數,調用DynObjectFactory::CreateObject("Circle") ,CreateObject函數中通過string找到對應的函數指針
(NewInstance),並且調用后返回創建的對象指針,需要注意的是 return it->second(); 中it->second 是函數指針,后面加括
號表示調用這個函數。對宏定義中的#,##用法不熟悉的可以參考這里。
這樣當需要創建多個不同類對象的時候,就不再需要寫很多ifelse的判斷了。
參考:
C++ primer 第四版
Effective C++ 3rd
C++編程規范
