centos7+hadoop完全分布式集群搭建

Hadoop集群部署，就是以Cluster mode方式進行部署。本文是基於JDK1.7.0_79，hadoop2.7.5。

 1.Hadoop的節點構成如下：

HDFS daemon：  NameNode, SecondaryNameNode, DataNode

YARN damones： ResourceManager, NodeManager, WebAppProxy

MapReduce Job History Server

本次測試的分布式環境為：Master 1台 (test166)，Slave 1台(test167)

2.1 安裝JDK及下載解壓hadoop

JDK安裝可參考：https://www.cnblogs.com/Dylansuns/p/6974272.html 或者簡單安裝：https://www.cnblogs.com/shihaiming/p/5809553.html

從官網下載Hadoop最新版2.7.5

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ su - hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ cd /usr/hadoop/
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.5/hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz

將hadoop解壓到/usr/hadoop/下

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ tar zxvf /root/hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz

結果：

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ll
total 211852
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Documents
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x. 10 hadoop hadoop      4096 Feb 22 01:36 hadoop-2.7.5
-rw-rw-r--.  1 hadoop hadoop 216929574 Dec 16 12:03 hadoop-2.7.5.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Music
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Public
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Templates
drwxr-xr-x.  2 hadoop hadoop         6 Jan 31 23:41 Videos
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ 

 

 

 2.2 在各節點上設置主機名及創建hadoop組和用戶

所有節點（master,slave）

[root@hadoop-master ~]#  su - root
[root@hadoop-master ~]#  vi /etc/hosts
10.86.255.166 hadoop-master
10.86.255.167 slave1
注意：修改hosts中，是立即生效的，無需source或者. 。

先使用

建立hadoop用戶組

新建用戶，useradd -d /usr/hadoop -g hadoop -m hadoop （新建用戶hadoop指定用戶主目錄/usr/hadoop 及所屬組hadoop）

passwd hadoop 設置hadoop密碼（這里設置密碼為hadoop）

[root@hadoop-master ~]# groupadd hadoop 
[root@hadoop-master ~]# useradd -d /usr/hadoop -g hadoop -m hadoop
[root@hadoop-master ~]# passwd hadoop

 

2.3 在各節點上設置SSH無密碼登錄

最終達到目的：即在master:節點執行  ssh hadoop@salve1不需要密碼，此處只需配置master訪問slave1免密。

 su - hadoop

進入~/.ssh目錄

執行：ssh-keygen -t rsa，一路回車

 生成兩個文件，一個私鑰，一個公鑰，在master1中執行：cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ su - hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ pwd
/usr/hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ cd .ssh
[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /usr/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
11:b2:23:8c:e7:32:1d:4c:2f:00:32:1a:15:43:bb:de hadoop@hadoop-master
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|=+*.. . .        |
|oo O . o .       |
|. o B + .        |
|   = + . .       |
|  + o   S        |
| . +             |
|  . E            |
|                 |
|                 |
+-----------------+
[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ 
[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys
[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ ll
total 16
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1230 Jan 31 23:27 authorized_keys
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1675 Feb 23 19:07 id_rsa
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  402 Feb 23 19:07 id_rsa.pub
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  874 Feb 13 19:40 known_hosts
[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ 

 2.3.1：本機無密鑰登錄

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ pwd
/usr/hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ chmod -R 700 .ssh
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ cd .ssh
[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ chmod 600 authorized_keys
[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$ ll
total 16
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1230 Jan 31 23:27 authorized_keys
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop 1679 Jan 31 23:26 id_rsa
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  410 Jan 31 23:26 id_rsa.pub
-rwx------. 1 hadoop hadoop  874 Feb 13 19:40 known_hosts

驗證：
沒有提示輸入密碼則表示本機無密鑰登錄成功，如果此步不成功，后續啟動hdfs腳本會要求輸入密碼

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ssh hadoop@hadoop-master
Last login: Fri Feb 23 18:54:59 2018 from hadoop-master
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ 

 

2.3.2：master與其他節點無密鑰登錄       

 ( 若已有authorized_keys，則執行ssh-copy-id ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@slave1 上面命令的功能ssh-copy-id將pub值寫入遠程機器的~/.ssh/authorized_key中

)      

從master中把authorized_keys分發到各個結點上(會提示輸入密碼，輸入slave1相應的密碼即可)：

scp /usr/hadoop/.ssh/authorized_keys hadoop@slave1:/home/master/.ssh
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
hadoop@slave1's password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'hadoop@slave1'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[hadoop@hadoop-master .ssh]$

          

然后在各個節點對authorized_keys執行(一定要執行該步，否則會報錯)：chmod 600 authorized_keys

保證.ssh 700，.ssh/authorized_keys 600權限

測試如下（第一次ssh時會提示輸入yes/no，輸入yes即可）：

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ssh hadoop@slave1
Last login: Fri Feb 23 18:40:10 2018
[hadoop@slave1 ~]$ 
[hadoop@slave1 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to slave1 closed.
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ 

 

2.4 設置Hadoop的環境變量

Master及slave1都需操作

[root@hadoop-master ~]#  su - root

[root@hadoop-master ~]#  vi /etc/profile  末尾添加，保證任何路徑下可執行hadoop命令

JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79

CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

PATH=/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

讓設置生效

[root@hadoop-master ~]# source /etc/profile

或者

[root@hadoop-master ~]# . /etc/profile

Master設置hadoop環境

su - hadoop
1 # vi etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh   新增以下內容
2 export   JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79
export   HADOOP_HOME=/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5

此時hadoop安裝已完成，可執行hadoop命令，后續步驟為集群部署

 

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ hadoop
Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] [COMMAND | CLASSNAME]
  CLASSNAME            run the class named CLASSNAME
 or
  where COMMAND is one of:
  fs                   run a generic filesystem user client
  version              print the version
  jar <jar>            run a jar file
                       note: please use "yarn jar" to launch
                             YARN applications, not this command.
  checknative [-a|-h]  check native hadoop and compression libraries availability
  distcp <srcurl> <desturl> copy file or directories recursively
  archive -archiveName NAME -p <parent path> <src>* <dest> create a hadoop archive
  classpath            prints the class path needed to get the
  credential           interact with credential providers
                       Hadoop jar and the required libraries
  daemonlog            get/set the log level for each daemon
  trace                view and modify Hadoop tracing settings

Most commands print help when invoked w/o parameters.
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ 

 

2.5 Hadoop設定

2.5.0 開放端口50070

注：centos7版本對防火牆進行 加強,不再使用原來的iptables,啟用firewall

Master節點:

su - root

firewall-cmd --state 查看狀態（若關閉，則先開啟systemctl start firewalld）

firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看已開放的端口

開啟8000端口：firewall-cmd --zone=public(作用域) --add-port=8000/tcp(端口和訪問類型) --permanent(永久生效)

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=50070/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8088/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=19888/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9000/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9001/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --reload -重啟防火牆

firewall-cmd --list-ports 查看已開放的端口

systemctl stop firewalld.service停止防火牆

systemctl disable firewalld.service禁止防火牆開機啟動

 

關閉端口：firewall-cmd --zone= public --remove-port=8000/tcp --permanent

 

Slave1節點：

su - root
systemctl stop firewalld.service停止防火牆

systemctl disable firewalld.service禁止防火牆開機啟動

 

 

2.5.1 在Master節點的設定文件中指定Slave節點

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop]$ pwd
/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/etc/hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop]$ vi slaves
slave1

2.5.2 在各節點指定HDFS文件存儲的位置（默認是/tmp）

Master節點： namenode

創建目錄並賦予權限

Su - root

# mkdir -p   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/name

# chmod -R 777   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp

# chown   -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5

Slave節點：datanode

創建目錄並賦予權限，改變所有者

Su - root

# mkdir -p   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/data

# chmod -R 777   /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp

# chown -R   hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5

2.5.3 在Master中設置配置文件(包括yarn)

 

su - hadoop 
 1 # vi   etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

<configuration>

<property>

        <name>fs.default.name</name>

        <value>hdfs://hadoop-master:9000</value>

    </property>

<property>

          <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>

          <value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp</value>

    </property>

</configuration>

 

# vi   etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>

<property>

        <name>dfs.replication</name>

      <value>3</value>

</property>

  <property>

      <name>dfs.name.dir</name>

        <value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/name</value>

</property>

    <property>

      <name>dfs.data.dir</name>

      <value>/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.5/tmp/dfs/data</value>

    </property>

 

</configuration>

#cp mapred-site.xml.template   mapred-site.xml

# vi   etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

<configuration>

    <property>

        <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>

        <value>yarn</value>

    </property>

</configuration>

YARN設定

yarn的組成（Master節點： resourcemanager ，Slave節點： nodemanager）

以下僅在master操作,后面步驟會統一分發至salve1。

# vi   etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml

<configuration>

    <property>

        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>

        <value>hadoop-master</value>

    </property>

    <property>

        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>

        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>

    </property>

</configuration>

2.5.4將Master的文件分發至slave1節點。

cd /usr/hadoop

scp -r  hadoop-2.7.5 hadoop@hadoop-master:/usr/hadoop

 

2.5.5 Master上啟動job history server，Slave節點上指定

此步2.5.5可跳過

Mater:

啟動jobhistory daemon

# sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver

確認

# jps

 

訪問Job History Server的web頁面

http://localhost:19888/

Slave節點：

# vi   etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

    <property>

        <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>

        <value>hadoop-master:10020</value>

    </property>

2.5.6 格式化HDFS（Master）

# hadoop namenode -format

Master結果：

 

 

2.5.7 在Master上啟動daemon，Slave上的服務會一起啟動

 啟動:

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ pwd
/usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ sbin/start-all.sh
This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh
Starting namenodes on [hadoop-master]
hadoop-master: starting namenode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-hadoop-master.out
slave1: starting datanode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-slave1.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-hadoop-master.out
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-resourcemanager-hadoop-master.out
slave1: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.5/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-slave1.out
[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ 

確認

Master節點：

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ jps
81209 NameNode
81516 SecondaryNameNode
82052 Jps
81744 ResourceManager

Slave節點：

[hadoop@slave1 ~]$ jps
58913 NodeManager
59358 Jps
58707 DataNode

停止（需要的時候再停止，后續步驟需running狀態）:

[hadoop@hadoop-master hadoop-2.7.5]$ sbin/stop-all.sh This script is Deprecated. Instead use stop-dfs.sh and stop-yarn.sh Stopping namenodes on [hadoop-master] hadoop-master: stopping namenode slave1: stopping datanode Stopping secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0] 0.0.0.0: stopping secondarynamenode stopping yarn daemons stopping resourcemanager slave1: stopping nodemanager no proxyserver to stop

 

2.5.8 創建HDFS

# hdfs dfs -mkdir /user

# hdfs dfs -mkdir   /user/test22

2.5.9 拷貝input文件到HDFS目錄下

# hdfs dfs -put etc/hadoop/*.sh   /user/test22/input

查看

# hdfs dfs -ls /user/test22/input

2.5.10 執行hadoop job

統計單詞的例子，此時的output是hdfs中的目錄，hdfs dfs -ls可查看

# hadoop jar   share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.5.jar wordcount   /user/test22/input  output

確認執行結果

# hdfs dfs -cat output/*

2.5.11 查看錯誤日志

注：日志在salve1的*.log中而不是在master或*.out中

 

 

2.6 Q&A

1. hdfs dfs -put 報錯如下，解決關閉master&salve防火牆

hdfs.DFSClient: Exception in createBlockOutputStream

java.net.NoRouteToHostException: No route to host