context作為view與template之間的橋梁，理解它的工作原理對於djagno的模板工作機制至關重要。
class ContextDict(dict):#上下文詞典，由詞典可以通過context找到屬於那個上下文，dicts是列表
def __init__(self, context, *args, **kwargs):
super(ContextDict, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
context.dicts.append(self)
self.context = context
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.context.pop()
class ContextDict(dict)是用來保存數據的，它連接了context與dicts，該類可以作為with語句表達式。
class BaseContext(object):#上下文的基類
def __init__(self, dict_=None):
self._reset_dicts(dict_)
def _reset_dicts(self, value=None):#每個上下文都是以builtins作為第一個元素的
builtins = {'True': True, 'False': False, 'None': None}
self.dicts = [builtins]
if value is not None:
self.dicts.append(value)
def __copy__(self):
duplicate = copy(super(BaseContext, self))
duplicate.dicts = self.dicts[:]
return duplicate
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self.dicts)
def __iter__(self):
for d in reversed(self.dicts):
yield d
def push(self, *args, **kwargs):#調用push時會生成一個上下文詞典
dicts = []
for d in args:
if isinstance(d, BaseContext):
dicts += d.dicts[1:]
else:
dicts.append(d)
return ContextDict(self, *dicts, **kwargs)
def pop(self):
if len(self.dicts) == 1:
raise ContextPopException
return self.dicts.pop()
def __setitem__(self, key, value):#執行context['var']=var時，是在dicts的最后一個元素添加。
"Set a variable in the current context"
self.dicts[-1][key] = value
def __getitem__(self, key):#從最后一個元素開始查找key對應的值
"Get a variable's value, starting at the current context and going upward"
for d in reversed(self.dicts):
if key in d:
return d[key]
raise KeyError(key)
def __delitem__(self, key):
"Delete a variable from the current context"
del self.dicts[-1][key]
def has_key(self, key):
for d in self.dicts:
if key in d:
return True
return False
def __contains__(self, key):
return self.has_key(key)
def get(self, key, otherwise=None):
for d in reversed(self.dicts):
if key in d:
return d[key]
return otherwise
def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
try:
return self[key]
except KeyError:
self[key] = default
return default
def new(self, values=None):
"""
Returns a new context with the same properties, but with only the
values given in 'values' stored.
"""
new_context = copy(self)
new_context._reset_dicts(values)
return new_context
def flatten(self):
"""
Returns self.dicts as one dictionary
"""
flat = {}
for d in self.dicts:
flat.update(d)
return flat
def __eq__(self, other):
"""
Compares two contexts by comparing theirs 'dicts' attributes.
"""
if isinstance(other, BaseContext):
# because dictionaries can be put in different order
# we have to flatten them like in templates
return self.flatten() == other.flatten()
# if it's not comparable return false
return False
class Context(BaseContext):
class RequestContext(Context):
class RenderContext(BaseContext):
Context 與RequestContext的區別：
def __init__(self, dict_=None, autoescape=True,
current_app=_current_app_undefined,
use_l10n=None, use_tz=None):
def __init__(self, request, dict_=None, processors=None,
current_app=_current_app_undefined,
use_l10n=None, use_tz=None):
由它們的初始化函數的參數來看RenderContext多了一個request，processors，少了autoescape。
Context的update函數分析：
def update(self, other_dict):
"Pushes other_dict to the stack of dictionaries in the Context"
if not hasattr(other_dict, '__getitem__'):
raise TypeError('other_dict must be a mapping (dictionary-like) object.')
if isinstance(other_dict, BaseContext):#如果other_dict是上下文實例，要把頭與尾去掉，重新生成上下文詞典
other_dict = other_dict.dicts[1:].pop()
return ContextDict(self, other_dict)
模板上下文處理器在什么地方調用？在調用結果如何影響context？
class RequestContext(Context):
"""
This subclass of template.Context automatically populates itself using
the processors defined in the engine's configuration.
Additional processors can be specified as a list of callables
using the "processors" keyword argument.
"""
def __init__(self, request, dict_=None, processors=None,
current_app=_current_app_undefined,
use_l10n=None, use_tz=None):
# current_app isn't passed here to avoid triggering the deprecation
# warning in Context.__init__.
super(RequestContext, self).__init__(
dict_, use_l10n=use_l10n, use_tz=use_tz)
if current_app is not _current_app_undefined:
warnings.warn(
"The current_app argument of RequestContext is deprecated. "
"Set the current_app attribute of its request instead.",
RemovedInDjango110Warning, stacklevel=2)
self._current_app = current_app
self.request = request
self._processors = () if processors is None else tuple(processors)
self._processors_index = len(self.dicts)
# placeholder for context processors output
self.update({})
# empty dict for any new modifications
# (so that context processors don't overwrite them)
self.update({})
@contextmanager
def bind_template(self, template):#綁定模板時會調用全局的上下文處理器及該請求的。
if self.template is not None:
raise RuntimeError("Context is already bound to a template")
self.template = template
# Set context processors according to the template engine's settings.
processors = (template.engine.template_context_processors +
self._processors)
updates = {}
for processor in processors:
updates.update(processor(self.request))#每個處理器返回一個詞典，通過調用詞典的更新函數進行合並
self.dicts[self._processors_index] = updates#self._processors_index為len(self.dicts)
try:
yield
finally:
self.template = None
# Unset context processors.
self.dicts[self._processors_index] = {}
def new(self, values=None):
new_context = super(RequestContext, self).new(values)
# This is for backwards-compatibility: RequestContexts created via
# Context.new don't include values from context processors.
if hasattr(new_context, '_processors_index'):
del new_context._processors_index
return new_context
C:\mez>python manage.py shell Python 2.7.10 (default, May 23 2015, 09:40:32) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] In [1]: from django.template import context In [3]: dir(context) Out[3]: ['BaseContext', 'Context', 'ContextDict', 'ContextPopException', 'RemovedInDjango110Warning', 'RenderContext', 'RequestContext', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', '_builtin_context_processors', '_current_app_undefined', 'contextmanager', 'copy', 'make_context', 'warnings'] In [4]: c=context.Context() In [5]: c.__dict__ Out[5]: {'_current_app': <object at 0x1597d08>, 'autoescape': True, 'dicts': [{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True}], 'render_context': [{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True}], 'template': None, 'template_name': 'unknown', 'use_l10n': None, 'use_tz': None} In [6]: c.push() Out[6]: {} In [7]: c.__dict__ Out[7]: {'_current_app': <object at 0x1597d08>, 'autoescape': True, 'dicts': [{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True}, {}], 'render_context': [{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True}], 'template': None, 'template_name': 'unknown', 'use_l10n': None, 'use_tz': None} In [8]: c['page']='welcome' In [9]: c.__dict__ Out[9]: {'_current_app': <object at 0x1597d08>, 'autoescape': True, 'dicts': [{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True}, {'page': 'welcome'}], 'render_context': [{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True}], 'template': None, 'template_name': 'unknown', 'use_l10n': None, 'use_tz': None} In [10]: c['menu']='menus' In [11]: c.__dict__ Out[11]: {'_current_app': <object at 0x1597d08>, 'autoescape': True, 'dicts': [{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True}, {'menu': 'menus', 'page': 'welcome'}], 'render_context': [{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True}], 'template': None, 'template_name': 'unknown', 'use_l10n': None, 'use_tz': None} In [12]: c['page'] Out[12]: 'welcome' In [13]: d={1:2,3:4} In [14]: c['d']=d In [16]: c['d'] Out[16]: {1: 2, 3: 4} In [17]: c.push(d) Out[17]: {1: 2, 3: 4} In [18]: c.__dict__ Out[18]: {'_current_app': <object at 0x1597d08>, 'autoescape': True, 'dicts': [{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True}, {'d': {1: 2, 3: 4}, 'menu': 'menus', 'page': 'welcome'}, {1: 2, 3: 4}], 'render_context': [{'False': False, 'None': None, 'True': True}], 'template': None, 'template_name': 'unknown', 'use_l10n': None, 'use_tz': None} In [19]: c[1] Out[19]: 2