在本文記錄了我在Ubuntu中部署Flask Web站點的過程, 其中包括用戶創建、代碼獲取、Python3環境的安裝、虛擬環境設置、uWSGI啟動程序設置，並將Nginx作為前端反向代理。希望對各位有所幫助。
建立一個Python Web程序專用賬戶
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adduser haseo
vim /etc/sudoers
#將haseo用戶加入導sudo用戶清單中
sudo usermod
-a -G www-data haseo
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安裝Python3並配置程序運行環境
1.更新Ubuntu的軟件庫
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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python3-dev
#安裝一些必要的工具包
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2.安裝python包管理工具
python3 -V
sudo apt-get install -y python3-pip
pip3 install virtualenv
配置Python 程序
1.創建程序目錄
mkdir -p /var/www/html/pricing-service
2.修改目錄權限
sudo chown haseo:haseo /var/www/html/pricing-service
3.創建一個SSH Key使得用戶可以同步GitHub的代碼
ssh-keygen
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub # 復制公鑰並增加到GitHub(https://github.com/settings/keys)
4.復制GitHub上的代碼
git clone git@xxx .
5.創建log目錄
mkdir log
6.創建虛擬目錄
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pip3 install virtualenv
python3 -m virtualenv venv
# 在pricing-service目錄下執行
./venv/bin/pip install -r requirements.txt
./venv/bin/pip install uwsgi
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配置uwsgi
1.測試一下python直接運行程序是否可以訪問
vim ~/myproject/wsgi.py
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/")
def hello():
return "<h1 style='color:blue'>Hello There!</h1>"
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(host='0.0.0.0')
python wsgi.py
2.創建WSGI入口文件
vim ~/myproject/wsgi.py
from myproject import app
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run()
3.測試uWSGI是否正常運行
uwsgi --socket 0.0.0.0:5000 --protocol=http -w wsgi:app
4.創建uWSGI配置文件
前面測試沒問題之后我們開始創建uWSGI配置文件
vim ~/myproject/wsgi.ini
[uwsgi]
module = wsgi:app
master = true
processes = 5
socket = socket.sock
chmod-socket = 660
vacuum = true
die-on-term = true
5.創建systemd文件
sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/price_service.service
[Unit]
Description=uWSGI instance to serve price_service
After=network.target
[Service]
User=haseo
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/html/pricing-service
Environment="PATH=/var/www/html/pricing-service/venv/bin"
ExecStart=/var/www/html/pricing-service/venv/bin/uwsgi --ini wsgi.ini
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
6.啟動並啟用wsgi服務
sudo systemctl start price_service
sudo systemctl enable price_service
配置Nginx
1.安裝nginx
apt-get install nginx
2.Nginx狀態查看及進程管理
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systemctl status nginx
ip addr show eth0 | grep inet | awk
'{ print $2; }' | sed 's/\/.*$//' #獲取服務器的IP地址
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl reload nginx
sudo systemctl
disable nginx # 精致nginx在系統啟動的時候啟動
sudo systemctl
enable nginx
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3.配置Nginx站點
vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
server {
listen 8080; #監聽IP
real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For;
set_real_ip_from 127.0.0.1; # 告訴Python程序是誰發送的請求
server_name localhost;
location / { # 用戶訪問的根目錄比如 http://www.bihell.com/
include uwsgi_params; # Flask程序需要uwsgi解析
uwsgi_pass unix:/var/www/html/pricing-service/socket.sock; #uwsgi通過這個文件傳遞信息
uwsgi_modifier1 30;
}
# 404錯誤頁面配置,下同
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
4.軟鏈接導nginxsites-enabled目錄
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-enabled
5.測試配置
sudo nginx -t
6.重新啟動nginx大功告成
sudo systemctl restart nginx