基於Centos搭建Django 環境搭建

本文轉載自查看原文 2018-02-19 23:57 5302

CentOS 7.2 64 位操作系統

安裝 Django

先安裝 PIP，再通過 PIP 安裝 Django

安裝 PIP

cd /data;
mkdir tmp;
cd tmp;
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py;
python ./get-pip.py;

使用 PIP，安裝 Django

pip install Django==1.11.7

安裝 Mysql

安裝並啟動 mariadb

因為 CentOS 7 之后的版本都不在提供 Mysql 安裝源，這里我們使用 mariadb 代替 mysql，依次執行下列命令

yum install mariadb mariadb-server -y
yum install MySQL-python -y
systemctl start mariadb

對 mariadb 進行初始化設置

執行下面命令，根據提示操作
設置新密碼為 test
默認密碼為空，直接回車即可

mysql_secure_installation

使用設置的密碼登陸 mariadb

登陸 db，這里假設密碼被設置為 root

mysql -uroot -ptest

創建一個數據庫

create database mysite;

成功后，輸入 exit 命令退出 db

exit

創建 Django 項目

創建 mysite 項目

在 /data/ 目錄下，創建一個名為 mysite 的 Django 項目

cd /data/
django-admin startproject mysite

修改配置文件，與 Mysql 數據庫相關聯(SECRET_KEY 配置項無需修改)

示例代碼：/data/mysite/mysite/settings.py

  1 """
  2 Django settings for mysite project.
  3 
  4 Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11.7.
  5 
  6 For more information on this file, see
  7 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/
  8 
  9 For the full list of settings and their values, see
 10 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/
 11 """
 12 
 13 import os
 14 
 15 # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
 16 BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 17 
 18 
 19 # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
 20 # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/
 21 
 22 # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
 23 SECRET_KEY = 'm4@g1=hz^08y(9d)v5l!8^*0wbla=oe15s@u8@5^pw=llfz48%'
 24 
 25 # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
 26 DEBUG = True
 27 
 28 ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]
 29 
 30 
 31 # Application definition
 32 
 33 INSTALLED_APPS = [
 34     'django.contrib.admin',
 35     'django.contrib.auth',
 36     'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 37     'django.contrib.sessions',
 38     'django.contrib.messages',
 39     'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 40 ]
 41 
 42 MIDDLEWARE = [
 43     'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
 44     'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
 45     'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
 46     'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
 47     'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
 48     'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
 49     'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
 50 ]
 51 
 52 ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls'
 53 
 54 TEMPLATES = [
 55     {
 56         'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
 57         'DIRS': [],
 58         'APP_DIRS': True,
 59         'OPTIONS': {
 60             'context_processors': [
 61                 'django.template.context_processors.debug',
 62                 'django.template.context_processors.request',
 63                 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
 64                 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
 65             ],
 66         },
 67     },
 68 ]
 69 
 70 WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application'
 71 
 72 
 73 # Database
 74 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases
 75 
 76 DATABASES = {
 77     'default': {
 78         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
 79         'NAME': 'mysite',
 80         'PASSWORD':'test',
 81         'USER': 'root',
 82         'HOST':'127.0.0.1',
 83         'PORT':'3306',
 84     }
 85 }
 86 
 87 
 88 # Password validation
 89 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
 90 
 91 AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
 92     {
 93         'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
 94     },
 95     {
 96         'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
 97     },
 98     {
 99         'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
100     },
101     {
102         'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
103     },
104 ]
105 
106 
107 # Internationalization
108 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/
109 
110 LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
111 
112 TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
113 
114 USE_I18N = True
115 
116 USE_L10N = True
117 
118 USE_TZ = True
119 
120 
121 # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
122 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/
123 
124 STATIC_URL = '/static/'

創建 Django 數據庫

cd /data/mysite
python manage.py migrate

啟動 Django

python manage.py runserver

如果沒有報錯，就說明 Django 已經安裝成功了，並且跟 Mysql 的連接正常

按 ctrl+c 退出 Django 服務

安裝 Nginx

通過 yum 安裝 Nginx

yum install nginx -y

啟動 Nginx 服務

systemctl start nginx

訪問下面的鏈接，可以看到 nginx 的歡迎界面 http://118.89.65.22/

安裝 uwsgi

使用 yum 命令安裝 uwsgi

yum install uwsgi uwsgi-plugin-python -y

讓 Nginx，uwsgi，Django 協同工作

修改 Nginx 配置文件

示例代碼：/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

 1 # For more information on configuration, see:
 2 #   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
 3 #   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
 4 
 5 user nginx;
 6 worker_processes auto;
 7 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
 8 pid /run/nginx.pid;
 9 
10 # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
11 include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
12 
13 events {
14     worker_connections 1024;
15 }
16 
17 http {
18     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
19                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
20                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
21 
22     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
23 
24     sendfile            on;
25     tcp_nopush          on;
26     tcp_nodelay         on;
27     keepalive_timeout   65;
28     types_hash_max_size 2048;
29 
30     include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
31     default_type        application/octet-stream;
32 
33     # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
34     # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
35     # for more information.
36     include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
37 
38     server {
39         listen       80 default_server;
40         listen       [::]:80 default_server;
41         server_name  _;
42         root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
43 
44         # Load configuration files for the default server block.
45         include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
46 
47         location / {
48             include uwsgi_params;
49             uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;
50         }
51 
52         error_page 404 /404.html;
53             location = /40x.html {
54         }
55 
56         error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
57             location = /50x.html {
58         }
59     }
60 
61 # Settings for a TLS enabled server.
62 #
63 #    server {
64 #        listen       443 ssl http2 default_server;
65 #        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
66 #        server_name  _;
67 #        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
68 #
69 #        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
70 #        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
71 #        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
72 #        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
73 #        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
74 #        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
75 #
76 #        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
77 #        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
78 #
79 #        location / {
80 #        }
81 #
82 #        error_page 404 /404.html;
83 #            location = /40x.html {
84 #        }
85 #
86 #        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
87 #            location = /50x.html {
88 #        }
89 #    }
90 }

重啟 Nginx

/usr/sbin/nginx -s reload

創建 uwsgi 配置文件

請在 /data/mysite 目錄下創建 uwsgi.ini，參考下面的內容。

示例代碼：/data/mysite/uwsgi.ini

[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:8000
chdir = /data/mysite
wsgi-file = mysite/wsgi.py
processes = 4
threads = 2
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
uid = nobody
gid = nobody
master = true
harakiri = 30
daemonize = /data/mysite/uwsgi.log
plugins = python

啟動 uwsgi

uwsgi uwsgi.ini

測試

訪問鏈接 http://118.89.65.22/
如果可以看到 Django 的界面，恭喜你，環境搭建成功

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