環境清單列表：（因為只有三台電腦，所有把Nginx和memcached放到一起）
應用服務器1：192.168.51.10；
應用服務器2:192.168.55.110；
memcached服務器：192.168.51.75；
Nginx地址：192.168.51.75
一、安裝tomcate
1、下載tomcate7.0，下載地址：鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1dxiE9w 密碼: nba7，把壓縮包放在/home/ump/tomcat目錄下。
先按照55.110上的tomcate
2、解壓壓縮包到/usr/local目錄下，並進入到安裝目錄，命令：
unzip apache-tomcat-7.0.77-windows-x64.zip -d /usr/local
cd /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.77
3、修改conf/server.xml文件，因為192.168.55.110上面已經裝有一個應用服務器，所以需要修改對應的端口，修改server端口，修改連接器的端口，修改后的內容如下：
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. --> <!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/server.html --> <Server port="9005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" /> <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" /> --> <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" /> <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs--> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" /> <!-- Global JNDI resources Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html --> <GlobalNamingResources> <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users --> <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> </GlobalNamingResources> <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/service.html --> <Service name="Catalina"> <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools--> <!-- <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/> --> <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received and responses are returned. Documentation at : Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking) Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 --> <Connector port="9090" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="9443" /> <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool--> <!-- <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> --> <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 This connector uses the BIO implementation that requires the JSSE style configuration. When using the APR/native implementation, the OpenSSL style configuration is required as described in the APR/native documentation --> <!-- <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol" maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" /> --> <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 --> <Connector port="9009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="9443" /> <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html --> <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie : <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1"> --> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at: /docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to) /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) --> <!-- <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/> --> <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords via a brute-force attack --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately available for use by the Realm. --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" /> --> <!-- Access log processes all example. Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" --> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server>
4、啟動tomcate，訪問：http://192.168.55.110:9090，如果出現tomcate管理界面，說明tamcate安裝成功。
5、用同樣的方法，部署另一個tomcate到192.168.51.10，因為192.168.51.10上不存在端口沖突，所以server.xml不需要修改，解壓后，啟動，可以通過：http://192.168.51.10:8080/訪問到tomcate管理控制台。
二、創建一個動態web工程，並部署到tomcate上
1、eclipse創建一個動態web工程，並新建一個index.jsp，內容如下：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Cluster Web Test</title> </head> <body> <h1>sessionID:<%=session.getId() %></h1> <h1>長度：<%=session.getId().length() %></h1> <p>this is Web 1</p> </body> </html>
2、把創建的動態工程導出為war包。下載地址：鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1c2Waok4 密碼: 2jaf
3、創建存放工程的目錄，命令：
mkdir /home/ump/www
4、把ClusterProject.war解壓到ClusterProject文件夾，把ClusterProject文件夾放入道/home/ump/www目錄下，修改server.xml，添加ClusterProject工程，內容如下：
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. --> <!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/server.html --> <Server port="9005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" /> <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" /> --> <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" /> <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs--> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" /> <!-- Global JNDI resources Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html --> <GlobalNamingResources> <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users --> <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> </GlobalNamingResources> <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/service.html --> <Service name="Catalina"> <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools--> <!-- <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/> --> <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received and responses are returned. Documentation at : Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking) Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 --> <Connector port="9090" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="9443" /> <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool--> <!-- <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> --> <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 This connector uses the BIO implementation that requires the JSSE style configuration. When using the APR/native implementation, the OpenSSL style configuration is required as described in the APR/native documentation --> <!-- <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol" maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" /> --> <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 --> <Connector port="9009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="9443" /> <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html --> <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie : <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1"> --> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at: /docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to) /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) --> <!-- <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/> --> <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords via a brute-force attack --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately available for use by the Realm. --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <Context path="ClusterProject" docBase="/home/ump/www/ClusterProject" reloadable="true"> </Context> <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" /> --> <!-- Access log processes all example. Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" --> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server>
主要是添加綠色背景的語句。
5、重啟Tomcat，並訪問：http://192.168.55.110:9090/ClusterProject/index.jsp，如果出現下圖，說明應用安裝成功。
4、把ClusterProject.war安裝同樣的方法，部署到192.168.51.10上。為了與192.168.55.110上的應用區分，修改index.jsp中
<p>this is Web 1</p>為<p>this is Web 2</p>
5、訪問：http://192.168.51.10:8080/ClusterProject/index.jsp，如下圖所示
至此，應用部署完畢。
三、安裝Nginx，並配置負載均衡。（192.168.51.75）
1、Nginx的安裝過程參考其他文章，不在贅述。
2、修改Nginx的配置文件，/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，修改內容如下：
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
index index.html index.htm;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
upstream myweb{ server 192.168.51.10:8080; server 192.168.55.110:9090; }
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name localhost;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
proxy_pass http://myweb;
}
# redirect server error pages to the static page /40x.html
#
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
}
只需要添加紅色字體部分。
3、訪問Nginx：http://192.168.51.75/ClusterProject/index.jsp，第一次訪問顯示圖一，刷新顯示圖二，說明第一次訪問192.168.51.10，第二次訪問192.168.55.110
至此負載均衡搭建完畢。
四、安裝memcached，安裝過程參考其他文檔，不在贅述。
memcached配置信息如下：
當前項目中，linux下memcached的啟動/結束的方式
默認情況下memcached安裝到/usr/local/bin下。
進入安裝目錄，啟動memcached:/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -c 10240 -m 1024 -u root
獲取運行狀態：echo stats | nc localhost 11211(可以查看出pid) 或使用ps -ef|grep memcached
停止memcached：kill -9 pid (-9表示強制殺死,pid 為進程的進程標識符)
-d 選項是啟動一個守護進程，
-m 是分配給Memcache使用的內存數量，單位是MB，這里是1024MB，默認是64MB
-u 是運行Memcache的用戶，這里是root
-l 是監聽的服務器IP地址，默認應該是本機
-p 是設置Memcache監聽的端口，默認是11211，最好是1024以上的端口
-c 選項是最大運行的並發連接數，默認是1024，這里設置了10240，按照你服務器的負載量來設定
-P 是設置保存Memcache的pid文件位置
-h 打印幫助信息
-v 輸出警告和錯誤信息
-vv 打印客戶端的請求和返回信息
五、基於memcached配置tomcate，共享session
1、啟動memcached，memcached -d -c 10240 -m 1024 -u root
2、下載memcached相關jar包和序列化對應的jar包，這里session序列化采用kryo，所有的jar包下載地址：鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1htV2vnm 密碼: hkiy
3、把下載的所有jar，放入到tomcate安裝目錄的lib下面。
4、修改tomcate，server.xml，添加session管理。
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. --> <!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/server.html --> <Server port="9005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" /> <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" /> --> <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" /> <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs--> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" /> <!-- Global JNDI resources Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html --> <GlobalNamingResources> <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users --> <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> </GlobalNamingResources> <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container", so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level. Documentation at /docs/config/service.html --> <Service name="Catalina"> <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools--> <!-- <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/> --> <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received and responses are returned. Documentation at : Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking) Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 --> <Connector port="9090" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="9443" /> <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool--> <!-- <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> --> <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 This connector uses the BIO implementation that requires the JSSE style configuration. When using the APR/native implementation, the OpenSSL style configuration is required as described in the APR/native documentation --> <!-- <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol" maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" /> --> <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 --> <Connector port="9009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="9443" /> <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html --> <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie : <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1"> --> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at: /docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to) /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) --> <!-- <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/> --> <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords via a brute-force attack --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately available for use by the Realm. --> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <Context path="ClusterProject" docBase="/home/ump/www/ClusterProject" reloadable="true"> <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager" memcachedNodes="n1:192.168.51.75:11211" sticky="false" sessionBackupAsync="false" lockingMode="uriPattern:/path1|/path2" requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$" transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory"/> </Context> <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html --> <!-- <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" /> --> <!-- Access log processes all example. Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" --> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server>
5、同樣，修改192.168.51.10上server.xml添加該session存儲到memcached中。重啟tomcate1和tomcate2。
6、訪問http://192.168.51.75/ClusterProject/index.jsp，並刷新界面，如下圖所示
可以看到this is Web1變成this is web2，說明刷新訪問了tomcate1和tomcate2，但是上面的sessionId沒有變化，說明，實現了session共享。
至此，tomcate+Nginx+memcached，搭建的session共享集群完畢。