說明：可能有重復
一、KVM的基本管理
1、查看KVM虛擬機配置文件
#Kvm虛擬機默認配置文件位置 [root@kvm qemu]# pwd /etc/libvirt/qemu [root@kvm qemu]# ll total 12 -rw------- 1 root root 3863 Nov 6 17:26 CentOS6.5.xml -rw------- 1 root root 3771 Nov 7 00:57 CentOS6u7.xml -rw------- 1 root root 3628 Nov 7 02:04 centos.xml drwx------ 3 root root 40 Nov 7 00:46 networks
2、啟動與關閉
#顯示正在運行的虛擬機 [root@kvm ~]# virsh list Id Name State ----------------------------------------------------
#顯示所有虛擬機 [root@kvm ~]# virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- - centos shut off - CentOS6.5 shut off - CentOS6u7 shut off #啟動名字為CentOS6.5的虛擬機 [root@kvm ~]# virsh start CentOS6.5 #關閉名字為CentOS6.5的虛擬機 [root@kvm ~]# virsh shutdown CentOS6.5 #強制關閉名字為Centos6.5的虛擬機 [root@kvm ~]# virsh destroy CentOS6.5 #移除名字為CentOS6.5的虛擬機 [root@kvm ~]# virsh undefine CentOS6.5 #設置CentOS6.5虛擬機開機啟動 [root@kvm ~]# virsh autostart CentOS6.5 #默認情況下virsh工具不能對linux虛擬機進行關機操作 #linux操作系統需要開啟與啟動acpid服務。在安裝KVM linux虛擬機必須配置此服務。 # yum -y install acpid # /etc/init.d/acpid start
3、通過配置文件啟動虛擬機
[root@kvm ~]# virsh create /etc/libvirt/qemu/CentOS6.5.xml
4、其它（掛起，恢復）virsh命令
#掛起服務器 [root@kvm qemu]# virsh suspend CentOS6.5
#恢復服務器 [root@kvm qemu]# virsh resume CentOS6.5
5、重命名虛擬機
#停止虛擬機 [root@kvm qemu]# virsh shutdown CentOS6u5 #導出虛擬機的配置文件 [root@kvm qemu]# pwd /etc/libvirt/qemu [root@kvm qemu-img]# virsh dumpxml CentOS6u5 > test-CentOS6u5.xml
#更改配置文件 [root@kvm qemu]# sed -i 's/CentOS6u5/test-CentOS6u5/g' test-CentOS6u5.xml #注 可以不用更改鏡像名
#移除原有的虛擬機 [root@kvm qemu]# virsh undefine CentOS6u5 #加載新建的虛擬機 [root@kvm qemu]# virsh define test-CentOS6u5.xml
#啟動虛擬機 [root@kvm qemu]# virsh start test-CentOS6u5
6、虛擬機創建快照
#轉換磁盤鏡像文件格式為qcow2 [root@kvm ~]# virsh shutdown test-CentOS6u5 [root@kvm qemu-img]# qemu-img convert -f raw CentOS6u5.raw -O qcow2 CentOS6u5.raw.qcow2 #快照一定需要qcow2格式才行 #我這邊從新建立一個虛擬機以qcow2
#創建快照 [root@kvm qemu-img]# virsh snapshot-create CentOS6u5 #查看快照 [root@kvm qemu-img]# virsh snapshot-list CentOS6u5 Name Creation Time State ------------------------------------------------------------ 1479043349 2016-11-13 08:22:29 -0500 shutoff #恢復快照 [root@kvm qemu-img]# virsh snapshot-revert CentOS6u5 1479043349 #刪除快照 [root@kvm qemu-img]# virsh snapshot-delete CentOS6u5 1479043349
二、常用命令
列出所有的虛擬機
virsh list --all
顯示虛擬機信息
virsh dominfo kvm-1
顯示虛擬機內存和cpu的使用情況
yum install virt-top -y
virt-top
顯示虛擬機分區信息
virt-df kvm-1
關閉虛擬機（shutodwn）
virsh shutdown kvm-1
啟動虛擬機
virsh start kvm-1
設置虛擬機（kvm-1）跟隨系統自啟
virsh autostart kvm-1
關閉虛擬及自啟
virsh autostart --disable kvm-1
刪除虛擬機
virsh undefine kvm-1
通過控制窗口登錄虛擬機
virsh console kvm-1
其它
virsh shutdown centos 關閉centos虛擬機
virsh destroy centos 強制關閉centos虛擬機
virsh suspend centos 暫停centos虛擬機
vrish resume centos 恢復centos虛擬機
virsh reboot centos 重啟centos虛擬機
virsh edit centos 編輯centos虛擬機
virsh vncdisplay centos vnc顯示
給虛擬機添加硬盤
添加硬盤（lvm卷）或者USB到虛擬機上
virsh attach-disk kvm-1 /dev/sdb vbd --driver qemu --mode shareable
使用完成之后可以卸載usb
virsh detach-disk kvm vdb
添加lvm卷，並掛載
[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# lvcreate -n kvm-1-data -L 50G vg_shkvm1 [root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh attach-disk kvm-1 /dev/vg_shkvm1/kvm-1-data vdb --driver qemu --mode shareable Disk attached successfully # 登錄到kvm-1上查看lvm是否已經被掛載 [root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh console kvm-1 # 輸入kvm-1的用戶和密碼 [root@sh-kvm-1-1 ~]# fdisk -l # 查看硬盤掛載情況 Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 41610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00058197 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 3 1018 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/vda2 1018 41611 20458496 8e Linux LVM Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2285 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/vdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes # 新添加的硬盤 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 104025 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
格式化新添加的vdb，並添加到lvm組中
# 對新添加的硬盤分區 [root@sh-kvm-1-1 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xf04b6807. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): m # 查看幫助 Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): n #添加一個分區 Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p #選擇添加一個擴展分區 Partition number (1-4): Value out of range. Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-104025, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-104025, default 104025): Using default value 104025 Command (m for help): t #改變分區的格式 Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e #改成lvm Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command (m for help): w # 保存更改 root@sh-kvm-1-1 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1 # 格式化分區 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 3276800 inodes, 13107142 blocks 655357 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 400 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@sh-kvm-1-1 ~]# pvc reate /dev/vdb1 # 創建pv vdb vdb1 [root@sh-kvm-1-1 ~]# vgextend VolGroup /dev/vdb # 擴展lvm vg vdb vdb1 [root@sh-kvm-1-1 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree VolGroup 2 2 0 wz--n- 69.50g 50.00g # 從上面能看出，新添加的 已經加到lvm組中
改變虛擬機的參數
通過命令行更改創建之后虛擬機的內存，cpu等信息
更改內存
# 1. 查看虛擬機當前內存 [root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh dominfo kvm-1 | grep memory Max memory: 4194304 KiB Used memory: 4194304 KiB # 2、動態設置內存為512MB，內存減少 virsh setmem kvm-1 524288 # 注意單位必須是KB # 3、查看內存變化 # virsh dominfo kvm-1 | grep memory Max memory: 14194304 KiB Used memory: 524288 kiB # 4、內存增加 virsh shutdown kvm-1 virsh edit kvm-1 # 直接更改memory virsh create /etc/libvirt/demu/kvm-1/xml # 之后操作1,2,3步驟增加內存
更改CPU
需要修改配置文件，因此需要停止虛擬機
virsh shutdown kvm-1 virsh edit kvm-1 # <vcpu>2</vcpu> # 4 > 2 virsh create /etc/libvirt/demu/kvm-1/xml
硬盤擴容
1. Create a 10-GB non-sparse file: # dd if=/dev/zero of=/vm-images/vm1-add.img bs=1M count=10240 2. Shutdown the VM: # virsh shutdown vm1 3. Add an extra entry for ‘disk’ in the VM's XML file in /etc/libvirt/qemu. You can look copy & paste the entry for your mail storage device and just change the target and address tags. For example: # virsh edit vm1 <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none' io='threads'/> <source file='/vm-images/vm1.img'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/> </disk> Add: <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none' io='threads'/> <source file='/vm-images/vm1-add.img'/> <target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> </disk> # 這里建議使用上面的添加硬盤的方式添加
刪除虛擬機
第一步，停掉虛擬機
virsh shutdown kvm-1
第二步
virsh destroy kvm-1
第三步
virsh undefine kvm-1
第四步
rm /dev/vg_shkvm1/kvm-1 # 不建議刪除硬盤
參考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/yexiaochong/p/6059956.html（以上內容部分轉自此篇文章）
http://blog.csdn.net/wh211212/article/details/74908390（以上內容部分轉自此篇文章）