Python使用SMTP發送郵件

Python使用SMTP發送郵件

SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）即簡單郵件傳輸協議,它是一組用於由源地址到目的地址傳送郵件的規則，由它來控制信件的中轉方式。

python的smtplib提供了一種很方便的途徑發送電子郵件。它對smtp協議進行了簡單的封裝。

Python創建 SMTP 對象語法如下：

import smtplib

smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] )

參數說明：

• host: SMTP 服務器主機。 你可以指定主機的ip地址或者域名如:w3cschool.cn，這個是可選參數。
• port: 如果你提供了 host 參數, 你需要指定 SMTP 服務使用的端口號，一般情況下SMTP端口號為25。
• local_hostname: 如果SMTP在你的本機上，你只需要指定服務器地址為 localhost 即可。

Python SMTP對象使用sendmail方法發送郵件，語法如下：

SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]

參數說明：

• from_addr: 郵件發送者地址。
• to_addrs: 字符串列表，郵件發送地址。
• msg: 發送消息

這里要注意一下第三個參數，msg是字符串，表示郵件。我們知道郵件一般由標題，發信人，收件人，郵件內容，附件等構成，發送郵件的時候，要注意msg的格式。這個格式就是smtp協議中定義的格式。

實例

以下是一個使用Python發送郵件簡單的實例：

#!/usr/bin/python

import smtplib

sender = '[e-mail]'
receivers = ['[e-mail]']

message = """From: From Person <[e-mail]>
To: To Person <[e-mail]>
Subject: SMTP e-mail test

This is a test e-mail message.
"""

try:
   smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
   smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message)        
   print "Successfully sent email"
except SMTPException:
   print "Error: unable to send email"

Windows:

#!C:\Python27\python.exe

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

 

import smtplib

 

sender = '[e-mail]'

receivers = ['[e-mail]']

 

message = """From: From Person <[e-mail]>

To: To Person <[e-mail]>

Subject: SMTP e-mail test

 

This is a test e-mail message.

"""

 

try:

   smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.163.com')

   smtpObj.login('[e-mail]','******')#XXX為用戶名，******為密碼

   smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message)

   smtpObj.quit()

   print "Successfully sent email"

except Exception, e:

   print "Error: unable to send email"

 

使用Python發送HTML格式的郵件

Python發送HTML格式的郵件與發送純文本消息的郵件不同之處就是將MIMEText中_subtype設置為html。具體代碼如下：

import smtplib 
from email.mime.text import MIMEText 
mailto_list=["[e-mail]"]
mail_host="smtp.XXX.com"  #設置服務器
mail_user="XXX"    #用戶名
mail_pass="XXXX"   #口令
mail_postfix="XXX.com"  #發件箱的后綴
 
def send_mail(to_list,sub,content):  #to_list：收件人；sub：主題；content：郵件內容
    me="hello"+"<"+mail_user+"@"+mail_postfix+">"   #這里的hello可以任意設置，收到信后，將按照設置顯示
    msg = MIMEText(content,_subtype='html',_charset='gb2312')    #創建一個實例，這里設置為html格式郵件
    msg['Subject'] = sub    #設置主題
    msg['From'] = me 
    msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list) 
    try: 
        s = smtplib.SMTP() 
        s.connect(mail_host)  #連接smtp服務器
        s.login(mail_user,mail_pass)  #登陸服務器
        s.sendmail(me, to_list, msg.as_string())  #發送郵件
        s.close() 
        return True 
    except Exception, e: 
        print str(e) 
        return False 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
    if send_mail(mailto_list,"hello","<a href='http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowuyi'>小五義</a>"): 
        print "發送成功" 
    else: 
        print "發送失敗" 

或者你也可以在消息體中指定Content-type為text/html,如下實例:

#!/usr/bin/python

import smtplib

message = """From: From Person <[e-mail]>
To: To Person <[e-mail]>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/html
Subject: SMTP HTML e-mail test

This is an e-mail message to be sent in HTML format

<b>This is HTML message.</b>
<h1>This is headline.</h1>
"""

try:
   smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
   smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message)        
   print "Successfully sent email"
except SMTPException:
   print "Error: unable to send email"

Windows:

#!C:\Python27\python.exe

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

 

import smtplib

 

sender = '[e-mail]'

receivers = ['[e-mail]']

 

message = """From: From Person <[e-mail]>

To: To Person <[e-mail]>

MIME-Version: 1.0

Content-type: text/html

Subject: SMTP HTML e-mail test

 

This is an e-mail message to be sent in HTML format

 

<b>This is HTML message.</b>

<h1>This is headline.</h1>

"""

 

try:

   smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.163.com')

   #smtpObj.connect('smtp.163.com')

   smtpObj.login('[e-mail]','******')#XXX為用戶名，******為密碼

   smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message)

   smtpObj.quit()

   print "Successfully sent email"

except Exception, e:

   print "Error: unable to send email"

 

Python發送帶附件的郵件

發送帶附件的郵件，首先要創建MIMEMultipart()實例，然后構造附件，如果有多個附件，可依次構造，最后利用smtplib.smtp發送。

from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import smtplib

#創建一個帶附件的實例
msg = MIMEMultipart()

#構造附件1
att1 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.rar', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')
att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.doc"'#這里的filename可以任意寫，寫什么名字，郵件中顯示什么名字
msg.attach(att1)

#構造附件2
att2 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')
att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.txt"'
msg.attach(att2)

#加郵件頭
msg['to'] = '[e-mail]'
msg['from'] = '[e-mail]'
msg['subject'] = 'hello world'
#發送郵件
try:
    server = smtplib.SMTP()
    server.connect('smtp.XXX.com')
    server.login('XXX','XXXXX')#XXX為用戶名，XXXXX為密碼
    server.sendmail(msg['from'], msg['to'],msg.as_string())
    server.quit()
    print '發送成功'
except Exception, e: 
    print str(e)

 

Windows:

#!C:\Python27\python.exe

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

 

from email.mime.text import MIMEText

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

import smtplib

 

#創建一個帶附件的實例

msg = MIMEMultipart()

 

#構造附件1

att1 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.rar', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')

att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'

att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.doc"'#這里的filename可以任意寫，寫什么名字，郵件中顯示什么名字

msg.attach(att1)

 

#構造附件2

att2 = MIMEText(open('d:\\123.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')

att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'

att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.txt"'

msg.attach(att2)

 

#加郵件頭

msg['to'] = '[e-mail]'

msg['from'] = '[e-mail]'

msg['subject'] = 'hello world'

#發送郵件

try:

    server = smtplib.SMTP()

    server.connect('smtp.163.com')

    server.login('[e-mail]','******')#XXX為用戶名，******為密碼

    server.sendmail(msg['from'], msg['to'],msg.as_string())

    server.quit()

    print '發送成功'

except Exception, e: 

    print str(e)

 

以下實例指定了Content-type header 為 multipart/mixed，並發送/tmp/test.txt 文本文件：

#!/usr/bin/python

import smtplib
import base64

filename = "/tmp/test.txt"

# 讀取文件內容並使用 base64 編碼
fo = open(filename, "rb")
filecontent = fo.read()
encodedcontent = base64.b64encode(filecontent)  # base64

sender = '[e-mail]'
reciever = '[e-mail]'

marker = "AUNIQUEMARKER"

body ="""
This is a test email to send an attachement.
"""
# 定義頭部信息
part1 = """From: From Person <[e-mail]>
To: To Person <[e-mail]>
Subject: Sending Attachement
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=%s
--%s
""" % (marker, marker)

# 定義消息動作
part2 = """Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding:8bit

%s
--%s
""" % (body,marker)

# 定義附近部分
part3 = """Content-Type: multipart/mixed; name=\"%s\"
Content-Transfer-Encoding:base64
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=%s

%s
--%s--
""" %(filename, filename, encodedcontent, marker)
message = part1 + part2 + part3

try:
   smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
   smtpObj.sendmail(sender, reciever, message)
   print "Successfully sent email"
except Exception:
   print "Error: unable to send email"

 

Windows:

#!C:\Python27\python.exe

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

 

import smtplib

import base64

 

filename = r"D:\python\code\123.txt"

 

# 讀取文件內容並使用 base64 編碼

fo = open(filename, "rb")

filecontent = fo.read()

encodedcontent = base64.b64encode(filecontent)  # base64

 

sender = '[e-mail]'

reciever = '[e-mail]'

 

marker = "AUNIQUEMARKER"

 

body ="""

This is a test email to send an attachement.

"""

# 定義頭部信息

part1 = """From: From Person <[e-mail]>

To: To Person <[e-mail]>

Subject: Sending Attachement

MIME-Version: 1.0

Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=%s

--%s

""" % (marker, marker)

 

# 定義消息動作

part2 = """Content-Type: text/plain

Content-Transfer-Encoding:8bit

 

%s

--%s

""" % (body,marker)

 

# 定義附近部分

part3 = """Content-Type: multipart/mixed; name=\"%s\"

Content-Transfer-Encoding:base64

Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=%s

 

%s

--%s--

""" %(filename, filename, encodedcontent, marker)

message = part1 + part2 + part3

 

try:

   smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.163.com')

   smtpObj.login('[e-mail]','xxxxxx')#XXX為用戶名，XXXXX為密碼

   smtpObj.sendmail(sender, reciever, message)

   smtpObj.quit()

   print "Successfully sent email"

except Exception:

   print "Error: unable to send email"