Hessian的使用以及理解
- Hessian版本:3.1.5
- 相關博客 http://blog.csdn.net/zpf336/article/details/45247289
- http://blog.csdn.net/wodediqizhang/article/details/51605441
將包括如下的內容:
- Hessian的基本使用
- Hessian的原理
- Hessian和Spring 的結合使用
- 擴展
簡單說來,Hessian是一個輕量級的RPC框架(RPC是什么?請參考這里)。
它基於HTTP協議傳輸,使用Hessian二進制序列化,對於數據包比較大的情況比較友好。
但是它的參數和返回值都需要實現Serializable接口。
簡單實現一個Hessian的例子:
- 創建接口和實現類
public interface Basic { String sayHello(String name); }
接口實現
public class BasicImpl implements Basic{ public String sayHello(String name) { return "This is Hello words from HESSIAN Server. " + name; } }
- 配置HessianServlet, web.xml中:
<servlet> <servlet-name>HessianServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.caucho.hessian.server.HessianServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>service-class</param-name> <param-value>example.impl.BasicImpl</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>HessianServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hessian</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
我們將會把Servlet部署在Tomcat上,端口8080。
- 編寫客戶端代碼:
public class BasicClient { public static void main(String[] args) { try { String url = "http://localhost:8080/hessian"; HessianProxyFactory factory = new HessianProxyFactory(); factory.setOverloadEnabled(true); Basic basic = (Basic) factory.create(Basic.class, url); System.out.println(basic.sayHello("SW")); }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } }
創建HessianProxyFactory對象,創建Basic “對象”,然后調用sayHello()方法。
整個過程感覺很簡單,並沒有什么配置。
啟動Tomcat,運行Client。
輸出如下:
This is Hello words from HESSIAN Server. SW
可見是調用成功了。
等等,這個過程到底發生了些什么?
我們先從服務端說起,主要是有這幾個步驟:
- 編寫接口和實現類
- 在web.xml中聲明HessianServlet,並且將上一步的實現類設置為Servlet的[service-class]屬性值
- 將Servlet部署在Tomcat容器中
可見我們所有的工作都圍繞在HessianServlet在展開。該Servlet中有兩個比較重要的方法:init()、service();
init方法初始化服務和服務對象,主要分為3步:
通過home-class或者service-class創建服務端的實現類實例;
if (_homeImpl != null) { } else if (getInitParameter("home-class") != null) { String className = getInitParameter("home-class"); Class homeClass = loadClass(className); _homeImpl = homeClass.newInstance(); init(_homeImpl); } else if (getInitParameter("service-class") != null) { String className = getInitParameter("service-class"); Class homeClass = loadClass(className); _homeImpl = homeClass.newInstance(); init(_homeImpl); } else { if (getClass().equals(HessianServlet.class)) throw new ServletException("server must extend HessianServlet"); _homeImpl = this; }
通過home-api或者api-class加載實現類的接口對象;
if (_homeAPI != null) { } else if (getInitParameter("home-api") != null) { String className = getInitParameter("home-api"); _homeAPI = loadClass(className); } else if (getInitParameter("api-class") != null) { String className = getInitParameter("api-class"); _homeAPI = loadClass(className); } else if (_homeImpl != null) _homeAPI = _homeImpl.getClass();
init方法還會創建HessianSkeleton對象,這是Hessian服務端的核心功能部分。
HessianSkeleton繼承自AbstractSkeleton,其構造方法,將會從實現類中抽取方法和方法的Method對象,並且存儲到_methodMap中。
對於一個Servlet來說其service方法是對外提供服務的方法:
/** * Execute a request. The path-info of the request selects the bean. * Once the bean's selected, it will be applied. */ public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request; HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse) response; if (! req.getMethod().equals("POST")) { res.setStatus(500, "Hessian Requires POST"); PrintWriter out = res.getWriter(); res.setContentType("text/html"); out.println("<h1>Hessian Requires POST</h1>"); return; } String serviceId = req.getPathInfo(); String objectId = req.getParameter("id"); if (objectId == null) objectId = req.getParameter("ejbid"); ServiceContext.begin(req, serviceId, objectId); try { InputStream is = request.getInputStream(); OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream(); HessianInput in = new HessianInput(is); HessianOutput out = new HessianOutput(os); if (objectId != null) _objectSkeleton.invoke(in, out); else _homeSkeleton.invoke(in, out); } catch (RuntimeException e) { throw e; } catch (ServletException e) { throw e; } catch (Throwable e) { throw new ServletException(e); } finally { ServiceContext.end(); } }
最主要的是調用HessianSkeleton對象的invoke方法。注意,Servlet實例中有兩個HessianSkeleton變量,分別是:_objectSkeleton和 _homeSkeleton,調用誰,是由objectid決定的。此處還有不明白的地方。
invoke方法:
首先從HessianInput對象中獲取到Method信息,獲取到真正的service對象。
根據反射機制,調用service對象的invoke方法,獲取到返回值。
最后調用HessianOutput對象將結果寫回到調用方。
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客戶端代碼
Hessian原生API編寫客戶端HessianClient:
public class BasicClient { public static void main(String[] args) { try { String url = "http://localhost:8080/hessian"; HessianProxyFactory factory = new HessianProxyFactory(); factory.setOverloadEnabled(true); Basic basic = (Basic) factory.create(Basic.class, url); System.out.println(basic.sayHello("SW")); }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
創建HessianProxyFacotry,創建接口Basic的代理對象,然后調用sayHello()方法。
那么重點就在於創建代理對象,首先創建HessianProxyFacotry對象,構造方法中創建了一個HessianProxyResolver對象,這個對象的lookup方法將用來查找遠程服務。此外HessianProxyFacotry還有包括權限驗證方面的支持。
創建了factory之后,接下來就是通過Class對象和遠程服務的URL創建代理對象了。
HessianProxyFactory使用HessianProxy對象作為代理的Handler,也就是說,我們對代理對象的所有操作,都會由這個handler來處理。handler的invoke方法,在進行一些方法名和參數的確認之后,創建HttpURLConnection對象,調用sendRequest方法,將方法名和參數用HessianOutput對象(設置序列化的方式)的call方法,寫入到服務端。
主要代碼如下:
protected URLConnection sendRequest(String methodName, Object []args) throws IOException { URLConnection conn = null; conn = _factory.openConnection(_url); // Used chunked mode when available, i.e. JDK 1.5. if (_factory.isChunkedPost() && conn instanceof HttpURLConnection) { try { HttpURLConnection httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) conn; httpConn.setChunkedStreamingMode(8 * 1024); } catch (Throwable e) { } } addRequestHeaders(conn); OutputStream os = null; try { os = conn.getOutputStream(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new HessianRuntimeException(e); } try { if (log.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) { PrintWriter dbg = new PrintWriter(new LogWriter(log)); os = new HessianDebugOutputStream(os, dbg); } AbstractHessianOutput out = _factory.getHessianOutput(os); out.call(methodName, args); out.flush(); return conn; } catch (IOException e) { if (conn instanceof HttpURLConnection) ((HttpURLConnection) conn).disconnect(); throw e; } catch (RuntimeException e) { if (conn instanceof HttpURLConnection) ((HttpURLConnection) conn).disconnect(); throw e; } }
服務端拿到請求,進行反序列化,然后將方法調用,再將結果序列化之后寫回到connection。所以,客戶端在sendRequest之后,所要做的就是將返回的結果進行解析,看返回的code是不是200:
conn = sendRequest(mangleName, args); if (conn instanceof HttpURLConnection) { httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) conn; int code = 500; try { code = httpConn.getResponseCode(); } catch (Exception e) { } parseResponseHeaders(conn); if (code != 200) { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); int ch; ..... AbstractHessianInput in = _factory.getHessianInput(is); in.startReply(); Object value = in.readObject(method.getReturnType()); if (value instanceof InputStream) { value = new ResultInputStream(httpConn, is, in, (InputStream) value); is = null; httpConn = null; } else in.completeReply(); return value;
解析HessianInput對象,並且從中讀取到結果返回。
至此,服務端和客戶端的交互過程已經簡單地介紹完畢。
Spring整合 Hessian
Spring也為Hessian提供了很友好的支持,通過使用spring-remoting包,我們可以很方便地發布和調用服務。
這部分提供一個簡單的實現例子:
在web.xml中,我們配置SpringMVC的DispatcherServlet:
<servlet> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/remote/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd" default-lazy-init="true"> <bean id = "basicService" class="example.impl.BasicImpl"/> <bean name="/basicHessianService" class="org.springframework.remoting.caucho.HessianServiceExporter"> <property name="service" ref="basicService"/> <property name="serviceInterface" value="example.Basic"/> </bean> </beans>
這里,我們使用了org.springframework.remoting.caucho.HessianServiceExporter來發布服務。將程序部署在tomcat中。
客戶端,使用org.springframework.remoting.caucho.HessianProxyFactoryBean來代理請求:
client.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd" default-lazy-init="true"> <bean id="basicService" class="org.springframework.remoting.caucho.HessianProxyFactoryBean"> <property name="serviceUrl" value="http://localhost:8080/remote/basicHessianService"/> <property name="serviceInterface" value="example.Basic"/> </bean> </beans>
編寫客戶端:
public class SpringClient { public static void main(String[] args) { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"classpath:client.xml"}); Basic basic = (Basic)context.getBean("basicService"); System.out.println(basic.sayHello("SUNWEI")); } }
這樣,服務端/客戶端的代碼都已經編寫完成。
最原始的實現,我們的服務是通過Servlet來綁定的,而Spring的實現,我們使用了SpringMVC的加載時機,將配置文件加載。HessianServiceExporter
public class HessianServiceExporter extends RemoteExporter implements HttpRequestHandler, InitializingBean { ....
這個類實現了InitializingBean接口,這是spring-beans包中很重要的一個擴展接口。
這個接口的說明如下:
Interface to be implemented by beans that need to react once all their properties have been set by a BeanFactory: for example, to perform custom initialization, or merely to check that all mandatory properties have been set.
也就是說,它會隨着Spring容器(此處為Spring MVC容器)的啟動而被加載。看看HessianServiceExporter的實現:
public void prepare() { HessianSkeleton skeleton = null; try { try { Constructor ctor = (class$com$caucho$hessian$server$HessianSkeleton == null?(class$com$caucho$hessian$server$HessianSkeleton = class$("com.caucho.hessian.server.HessianSkeleton")):class$com$caucho$hessian$server$HessianSkeleton).getConstructor(new Class[]{class$java$lang$Object == null?(class$java$lang$Object = class$("java.lang.Object")):class$java$lang$Object, class$java$lang$Class == null?(class$java$lang$Class = class$("java.lang.Class")):class$java$lang$Class}); this.checkService(); this.checkServiceInterface(); skeleton = (HessianSkeleton)ctor.newInstance(new Object[]{this.getProxyForService(), this.getServiceInterface()}); } catch (NoSuchMethodException var4) { Constructor ctor = (class$com$caucho$hessian$server$HessianSkeleton == null?(class$com$caucho$hessian$server$HessianSkeleton = class$("com.caucho.hessian.server.HessianSkeleton")):class$com$caucho$hessian$server$HessianSkeleton).getConstructor(new Class[]{class$java$lang$Object == null?(class$java$lang$Object = class$("java.lang.Object")):class$java$lang$Object}); skeleton = (HessianSkeleton)ctor.newInstance(new Object[]{this.getProxyForService()}); } } catch (Throwable var5) { throw new BeanInitializationException("Hessian skeleton initialization failed", var5); } if(hessian2Available) { this.skeletonInvoker = new Hessian2SkeletonInvoker(skeleton, this.serializerFactory); } else { this.skeletonInvoker = new Hessian1SkeletonInvoker(skeleton, this.serializerFactory); } } public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { Assert.notNull(this.skeletonInvoker, "HessianServiceExporter has not been initialized"); if(!"POST".equals(request.getMethod())) { throw new HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException("POST", "HessianServiceExporter only supports POST requests"); } else { try { this.skeletonInvoker.invoke(request.getInputStream(), response.getOutputStream()); } catch (Throwable var4) { throw new NestedServletException("Hessian skeleton invocation failed", var4); } } }
在prepare方法中,獲取service和serviceInterface的配置,創建HessianSkeleton對象。
同時,還實現了HttpRequestHandler,spring-web中的接口。
又因為實現了HttpRequestHandler接口,所以在handleRequest方法中,可以像HessianServlet的service方法一樣,調用Hessian2SkeletonInvoker的invoke方法進行實際的方法調用。
最后一點尾巴
定義一個自己的HttpRequestHandler對象,配置在applicationContext.xml中,然后通過頁面訪問:
public class MyHandler implements HttpRequestHandler, InitializingBean { public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { System.out.println("初始化 MyHandler"); } public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("執行 MyHandler"); } }
配置在applicationContext.xml中:
<bean id = "/myHandler" class="client.MyHandler"/>
通過Spring MVC的上下文加載該Handler,啟動Tomcat的時候,可以看到控制台輸出:
初始化 MyHandler
在瀏覽器中訪問:http://localhost:8080/remote/myHandler
將觸發執行:執行 MyHandler