接口測試——Java + TestNG 國家氣象局接口（json解析）實例

后端測試，主要以測試接口為主。需要代碼支撐，近期便找了個天氣接口搗鼓了。

使用到的工具是：Eclipse + TestNG + Maven + ReportNG，全國城市編碼：http://www.cnblogs.com/oucbl/p/6138963.html，接口地址：http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/城市編碼.html

先看一下代碼架構，如下所示：

建的是maven工程，個人覺得這樣下載依賴包較方便。工程科分為四部分：功能代碼，測試case，報表文件和配置文件。網絡上也有很多這樣的實例，我只是列舉些我在做的過程中所遇到的問題吧，也當一個記錄。maven不會配置，可參見我之前寫的隨筆。

功能代碼

Common

package com.CityWether.CityInfo;

import net.sf.json.JSONException;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

public class Common {
    public static String getJsonValue(String JsonString, String JsonId) {
        String JsonValue = "";
        //trim()去掉字符串首尾的空格
        if (JsonString == null || JsonString.trim().length() < 1) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            JSONObject obj1 = new JSONObject(JsonString);
            JsonValue = obj1.getString(JsonId);
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return JsonValue;
    }
}

URLConnection

package com.CityWether.CityInfo;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLConnection {
    public static HttpURLConnection getConnection(String url){
        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
        try {
            // 打開和URL之間的連接
            URL postUrl = new URL(url);
            connection = (HttpURLConnection) postUrl.openConnection();
             // 設置通用的請求屬性
            connection.setDoOutput(true);
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            connection.setUseCaches(false);
            connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "utf-8");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 
        return connection;
    }
}

CityWeather

package com.CityWether.CityInfo;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

public class CityWeather {
    private String url="";
    
    public String geturl() {
        return url;
    }
    
    public static String formatString(String s) {  
        if (s != null) {  
              s = s.replaceAll("\ufeff", "");  
        }  
        return s;  
    }
    
    public String getHttpRespone(String cityCode) throws IOException {
        String line = "";
        String httpResults = "";
        url=("http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/" + cityCode + ".html");
        try {
            HttpURLConnection connection = URLConnection.getConnection(url);
            // 建立實際的連接
            connection.connect();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                httpResults = httpResults + line.toString();
            }
            reader.close();
            // 斷開連接
            connection.disconnect();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return httpResults;
    }
}

測試case

package com.CityWether.CityInfo;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.Reporter;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.CityWether.CityInfo.CityWeather;
import com.CityWether.CityInfo.Common;

public class TestCase {
    public String httpResult= null, weatherinfo= null, city=null,expect_city = null;
    public static String cityCode="";
    CityWeather weather=new CityWeather();
    
    @Test(priority=0)
    public void getHuaihua() throws IOException{
        expect_city="懷化";
        cityCode="101251201";
        resultCheck(cityCode, expect_city);
    }
    
    @Test(priority=1)
    public void getHuitong() throws IOException{
        expect_city="會同";
        cityCode="101251206";
        resultCheck(cityCode, expect_city);
    }
    
    @Test(priority=2)
    public void getChangsha() throws IOException{
        expect_city="長沙";
        cityCode="101250101";
        resultCheck(cityCode, expect_city);
    }
    
    @Test(priority=3)
    public void getBaoshan() throws IOException{
        expect_city="寶山";
        cityCode="101020300";
        resultCheck(cityCode, expect_city);
    }
    
    @Test(priority=4)
    public void getShanghai() throws IOException{
        expect_city="上海";
        cityCode="101020100";
        resultCheck(cityCode, expect_city);
    }
    
    @Test(priority=5)
    public void Minhang() throws IOException{
        expect_city="閔行";
        cityCode="101020200";
        resultCheck(cityCode, expect_city);
    }
    
    public void resultCheck(String cityCode, String expect_city) throws IOException{
        System.setProperty("org.uncommons.reportng.escape-output", "false");
        Reporter.log("【正常用例】:獲取"+expect_city+"天氣成功!");
        httpResult=weather.getHttpRespone(cityCode);
        Reporter.log("<p><span style=\"color:#FF0000\">請求地址: "+weather.geturl()+"</span></p>");
        Reporter.log("【返回結果】: "+httpResult);
        weatherinfo=Common.getJsonValue(httpResult, "weatherinfo");
        city=Common.getJsonValue(weatherinfo, "city");
        Reporter.log("<p>【用例結果】: resultCode=>expected: " + expect_city + " ,actual: "+ city+"</p>");
        Assert.assertEquals(city,expect_city);  
        Reporter.log("<p></p>");
        Reporter.log("<p>"+"------------------------------------------------------------------------------"+"</p>");
    }
}

報表文件示例

報表html文件位置在如下所示：

代碼實現如上就完成，需要配置pom.xml文件和testng.xml文件，可參照如下：

pom.xml

pom.xml文件是下載依賴包的，特別方便

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com</groupId>
  <artifactId>CityWether</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>CityWether</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.json</groupId>
        <artifactId>json</artifactId>
        <version>20171018</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
           <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
        <version>6.9.10</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.uncommons</groupId>
    <artifactId>reportng</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.4</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.inject</groupId>
    <artifactId>guice</artifactId>
    <version>4.0</version>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
    <groupId>velocity</groupId>
    <artifactId>velocity-dep</artifactId>
    <version>1.4</version>
 </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

這里需要注意的是，由於接口返回的是json數據，所以必須導入json依賴包：

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.json</groupId>
   <artifactId>json</artifactId>
   <version>20171018</version>
</dependency>

testng.xml

testng.xml文件是用於運行的，運行程序直接運行該文件即可：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://beust.com/testng/testng-1.0.dtd" >
<suite name="suite1">
    <test name="test1">
        <classes>
            <class name="com.CityWether.CityInfo.TestCase" />
        </classes>
    </test>
    <listeners>
      <listener class-name="org.uncommons.reportng.HTMLReporter" /> 
      <listener class-name="org.uncommons.reportng.JUnitXMLReporter" />
    </listeners>
</suite>

問題總結

自己在完成過程中，過程中遇到如下問題：

1、接口返回的數據是亂碼

如下所示：

經百度科普，是因為BOM報頭報錯，可參見該博文：http://blog.csdn.net/u012519664/article/details/41596857?%3E，里面有詳細介紹。

解決辦法：

在CityWeather類中代碼下加上如下代碼即可：

　　public static String formatString(String s) {  
        if (s != null) {  
              s = s.replaceAll("\ufeff", "");  
        }  
        return s;  
    }

2、Common類中導包錯誤

Common類中代碼導入如下包，運行程序報錯

import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

報錯為：

解決辦法為：

重新導入JSON包即可，如下：

import net.sf.json.JSONException;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

3、注意：測試報告美化是依賴ReportNG包的，切莫忘記