一 安裝
#安裝：selenium+chromedriver pip3 install selenium 下載chromdriver.exe放到python安裝路徑的scripts目錄中即可，注意最新版本是2.29，並非2.9 國內鏡像網站地址：http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/2.29/ 最新的版本去官網找:https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads #驗證安裝 C:\Users\Administrator>python3 Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> from selenium import webdriver >>> driver=webdriver.Chrome() #彈出瀏覽器 >>> driver.get('https://www.baidu.com') >>> driver.page_source #注意： selenium3默認支持的webdriver是Firfox，而Firefox需要安裝geckodriver 下載鏈接：https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases
#安裝：selenium+phantomjs pip3 install selenium 下載phantomjs，解壓后把phantomjs.exe所在的bin目錄放到環境變量 下載鏈接：http://phantomjs.org/download.html #驗證安裝 C:\Users\Administrator>phantomjs phantomjs> console.log('egon gaga') egon gaga undefined phantomjs> ^C C:\Users\Administrator>python3 Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> from selenium import webdriver >>> driver=webdriver.PhantomJS() #無界面瀏覽器 >>> driver.get('https://www.baidu.com') >>> driver.page_source
二 基本使用
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #鍵盤按鍵操作
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待頁面加載某些元素
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
try:
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
input_tag.send_keys('美女') #python2中輸入中文錯誤，字符串前加個u
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) #輸入回車
wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'content_left'))) #等到id為content_left的元素加載完畢,最多等10秒
print(browser.page_source)
print(browser.current_url)
print(browser.get_cookies())
finally:
browser.close()
三 選擇器
一 基本用法
#官網鏈接：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/locating-elements.html from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #鍵盤按鍵操作 from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待頁面加載某些元素 import time driver=webdriver.Chrome() driver.get('https://www.baidu.com') wait=WebDriverWait(driver,10) try: #===============所有方法=================== # 1、find_element_by_id # 2、find_element_by_link_text # 3、find_element_by_partial_link_text # 4、find_element_by_tag_name # 5、find_element_by_class_name # 6、find_element_by_name # 7、find_element_by_css_selector # 8、find_element_by_xpath # 強調： # 1、上述均可以改寫成find_element(By.ID,'kw')的形式 # 2、find_elements_by_xxx的形式是查找到多個元素，結果為列表 #===============示范用法=================== # 1、find_element_by_id print(driver.find_element_by_id('kw')) # 2、find_element_by_link_text # login=driver.find_element_by_link_text('登錄') # login.click() # 3、find_element_by_partial_link_text login=driver.find_elements_by_partial_link_text('錄')[0] login.click() # 4、find_element_by_tag_name print(driver.find_element_by_tag_name('a')) # 5、find_element_by_class_name button=wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME,'tang-pass-footerBarULogin'))) button.click() # 6、find_element_by_name input_user=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME,'userName'))) input_pwd=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME,'password'))) commit=wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID,'TANGRAM__PSP_10__submit'))) input_user.send_keys('18611453110') input_pwd.send_keys('lhf@094573') commit.click() # 7、find_element_by_css_selector driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#kw') # 8、find_element_by_xpath time.sleep(5) finally: driver.close()
二 xpath
復制代碼 #官網鏈接：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/locating-elements.html from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #鍵盤按鍵操作 from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待頁面加載某些元素 import time driver=webdriver.PhantomJS() driver.get('https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/_static/selectors-sample1.html') # wait=WebDriverWait(driver,3) driver.implicitly_wait(3) #使用隱式等待 try: # find_element_by_xpath #//與/ # driver.find_element_by_xpath('//body/a') # 開頭的//代表從整篇文檔中尋找,body之后的/代表body的兒子，這一行找不到就會報錯了 driver.find_element_by_xpath('//body//a') # 開頭的//代表從整篇文檔中尋找,body之后的//代表body的子子孫孫 driver.find_element_by_css_selector('body a') #取第n個 res1=driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//body//a[1]') #取第一個a標簽 print(res1[0].text) #按照屬性查找,下述三者查找效果一樣 res1=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[5]') res2=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[@href="image5.html"]') res3=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[contains(@href,"image5")]') #模糊查找 print('==>', res1.text) print('==>',res2.text) print('==>',res3.text) #其他 res1=driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div/a') print(res1.text) res2=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[img/@src="image3_thumb.jpg"]') #找到子標簽img的src屬性為image3_thumb.jpg的a標簽 print(res2.tag_name,res2.text) res3 = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='continue'][@type='button']") #查看屬性name為continue且屬性type為button的input標簽 res4 = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@name='continue'][@type='button']") #查看屬性name為continue且屬性type為button的所有標簽 time.sleep(5) finally: driver.close()
三 獲取標簽屬性
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #鍵盤按鍵操作 from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待頁面加載某些元素 browser=webdriver.Chrome() browser.get('https://www.amazon.cn/') wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10) wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer'))) tag=browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer img') #獲取標簽屬性， print(tag.get_attribute('src')) #獲取標簽ID，位置，名稱，大小（了解） print(tag.id) print(tag.location) print(tag.tag_name) print(tag.size) browser.close()
四 等待元素被加載
#1、selenium只是模擬瀏覽器的行為，而瀏覽器解析頁面是需要時間的（執行css，js），一些元素可能需要過一段時間才能加載出來，為了保證能查找到元素，必須等待 #2、等待的方式分兩種： 隱式等待：在browser.get（'xxx'）前就設置，針對所有元素有效 顯式等待：在browser.get（'xxx'）之后設置，只針對某個元素有效
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #鍵盤按鍵操作 from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待頁面加載某些元素 browser=webdriver.Chrome() #隱式等待:在查找所有元素時，如果尚未被加載，則等10秒 browser.implicitly_wait(10) browser.get('https://www.baidu.com') input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw') input_tag.send_keys('美女') input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) contents=browser.find_element_by_id('content_left') #沒有等待環節而直接查找，找不到則會報錯 print(contents) browser.close()
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #鍵盤按鍵操作 from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待頁面加載某些元素 browser=webdriver.Chrome() browser.get('https://www.baidu.com') input_tag=browser.find_element_by_id('kw') input_tag.send_keys('美女') input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) #顯式等待：顯式地等待某個元素被加載 wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10) wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'content_left'))) contents=browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#content_left') print(contents) browser.close()
實戰
#注意：網站都策略都是在不斷變化的，精髓在於學習流程。下述代碼生效與2017-11-7，不能保證永久有效 from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait browser=webdriver.Chrome() try: browser.get('http://mail.163.com/') wait=WebDriverWait(browser,5) frame=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'x-URS-iframe'))) browser.switch_to.frame(frame) wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,'.m-container'))) inp_user=browser.find_element_by_name('email') inp_pwd=browser.find_element_by_name('password') button=browser.find_element_by_id('dologin') inp_user.send_keys('18611453110') inp_pwd.send_keys('xxxx') button.click() #如果遇到驗證碼，可以把下面一小段打開注釋 # import time # time.sleep(10) # button = browser.find_element_by_id('dologin') # button.click() wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'dvNavTop'))) write_msg=browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('#dvNavTop li')[1] #獲取第二個li標簽就是“寫信”了 write_msg.click() wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'tH0'))) recv_man=browser.find_element_by_class_name('nui-editableAddr-ipt') title=browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.dG0 .nui-ipt-input') recv_man.send_keys('378533872@qq.com') title.send_keys('聖旨') print(title.tag_name) frame=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'APP-editor-iframe'))) browser.switch_to.frame(frame) body=browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'body') body.send_keys('egon很帥，可以加工資了') browser.switch_to.parent_frame() #切回他爹 send_button=browser.find_element_by_class_name('nui-toolbar-item') send_button.click() #可以睡時間久一點別讓瀏覽器關掉，看看發送成功沒有 import time time.sleep(10000) except Exception as e: print(e) finally: browser.close()
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By #按照什么方式查找，By.ID,By.CSS_SELECTOR from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #鍵盤按鍵操作 from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait #等待頁面加載某些元素 import time def get_goods(driver): try: goods=driver.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item') for good in goods: detail_url=good.find_element_by_tag_name('a').get_attribute('href') p_name=good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-name em').text.replace('\n','') price=good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-price i').text p_commit=good.find_element_by_css_selector('.p-commit a').text msg = ''' 商品 : %s 鏈接 : %s 價錢 ：%s 評論 ：%s ''' % (p_name,detail_url,price,p_commit) print(msg,end='\n\n') button=driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('下一頁') button.click() time.sleep(1) get_goods(driver) except Exception: pass def spider(url,keyword): driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(url) driver.implicitly_wait(3) # 使用隱式等待 try: input_tag=driver.find_element_by_id('key') input_tag.send_keys(keyword) input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) get_goods(driver) finally: driver.close() if __name__ == '__main__': spider('https://www.jd.com/',keyword='iPhone8手機')