一、首先需要下載git
查看電腦是否安裝git,打開終端，輸入git,回車如果輸出如下,則代表已安裝了git
如果未安裝,則會輸出:
|
按照提示輸入:sudo apt-get install git即可安裝!!或者到此處下載:git下載, pkg包下載完成，雙擊安裝。
輸入命令:git --version 可查看當前git版本
二.安裝后需要一些配置
配置用戶名和郵箱:
$ git config --global user.name "Your Name" $ git config --global user.email "email@example.com"
使用 --global 修飾后設置的全局的用戶,如果設置單個項目的用戶,可cd到項目根目錄下,執行如下命令:
$ git config user.name "Your Name" $ git config user.email "email@example.com"
使用命令:git config --list 可查看當前用戶信息以及其他的一些信息
$ git config --list core.excludesfile=/Users/mac/.gitignore_global difftool.sourcetree.cmd=opendiff "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" difftool.sourcetree.path= mergetool.sourcetree.cmd=/Applications/SourceTree.app/Contents/Resources/opendiff-w.sh "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" -ancestor "$BASE" -merge "$MERGED" mergetool.sourcetree.trustexitcode=true http.postbuffer=524288000 https.postbuffer=524288000 user.email=你的郵箱@qq.com user.name=你的用戶名 macdeMacBook-Pro:~ Artron_LQQ$
三.建立本地git倉庫
1. cd到你的項目目錄
$ cd /Users/cjk/Desktop/myShop
2. 然后,輸入git命令:
$ git init
輸出如下:
$ git init Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/cjk/Desktop/GitTest/.git/
創建了一個空的本地倉庫.
3.將項目的所有文件添加到緩存中:
$ git add .
git add . (注意,后面有個點)表示添加目錄下所有文件到緩存庫,如果只添加某個文件,只需把 . 換成你要添加的文件名即可;
4.將緩存中的文件Commit到git庫
git commit -m "添加你的注釋,一般是一些更改信息"
下面是第一次提交時的輸出:
$ git commit -m "添加項目" [master (root-commit) 3102a38] 添加項目 18 files changed, 1085 insertions(+) create mode 100644 GitTest.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj create mode 100644 GitTest.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata create mode 100644 GitTest.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcuserdata/Artron_LQQ.xcuserdatad/UserInterfaceState.xcuserstate create mode 100644 GitTest.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Artron_LQQ.xcuserdatad/xcschemes/GitTest.xcscheme create mode 100644 GitTest.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Artron_LQQ.xcuserdatad/xcschemes/xcschememanagement.plist create mode 100644 GitTest/AppDelegate.h create mode 100644 GitTest/AppDelegate.m create mode 100644 GitTest/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json create mode 100644 GitTest/Base.lproj/LaunchScreen.storyboard create mode 100644 GitTest/Base.lproj/Main.storyboard create mode 100644 GitTest/Info.plist create mode 100644 GitTest/ViewController.h create mode 100644 GitTest/ViewController.m create mode 100644 GitTest/main.m create mode 100644 GitTestTests/GitTestTests.m create mode 100644 GitTestTests/Info.plist create mode 100644 GitTestUITests/GitTestUITests.m create mode 100644 GitTestUITests/Info.plist
或者不添加注釋 git commit ,但是這樣會進入vim(vi)編輯器
# Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting # with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit. # On branch master # Changes to be committed: # modified: LQQCircleShowImage.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj # modified: LQQCircleShowImage/TableViewCell.m # ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "~/Desktop/LQQCircleShowImage/.git/COMMIT_EDITMSG" 8L, 292C
在這里可以輸入更改信息,也可以不輸入,然后 按住 shift + : ,輸入wq 即可保存信息並退出vim編輯器;
四,建立遠程庫
在一些代碼托管平台創建項目,例如github或者開源中國社區,這里已開源中國社區為例;
創建項目后,會生成一個HTTPS鏈接,如下:
https://git.oschina.net/liuqiqiang/gitTest.git
五,將本地的庫鏈接到遠
終端中輸入: git remote add origin HTTPS鏈接
$ git remote add origin https://git.oschina.net/liuqiqiang/gitTest.git
六.上傳代碼到遠程庫,上傳之前最好先Pull一下,再執行命令: git pull origin master
輸出:
$ git pull origin master warning: no common commits remote: Counting objects: 3, done. remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done. From https://git.oschina.net/liuqiqiang/gitTest * branch master -> FETCH_HEAD * [new branch] master -> origin/master Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy. README.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 README.md
即pull成功,
七.接着執行:git push origin master
完成后輸出:
$ git push origin master Counting objects: 34, done. Delta compression using up to 4 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (29/29), done. Writing objects: 100% (34/34), 15.63 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done. Total 34 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0) To https://git.oschina.net/liuqiqiang/gitTest.git 5e2dda1..537ecfe master -> master
即將代碼成功提交到遠程庫!!!
注：如果pull之后出現 “ refusing to merge unrelated histories ”這句，就證明你合並pull兩個不同的項目
出現的問題如何去解決fatal: refusing to merge unrelated histories
我在Github新建一個倉庫，寫了License，然后把本地一個寫了很久倉庫上傳。
先pull，因為兩個倉庫不同，發現refusing to merge unrelated histories，無法pull
因為他們是兩個不同的項目，要把兩個不同的項目合並，git需要添加一句代碼，在git pull，這句代碼是在git 2.9.2版本發生的，最新的版本需要添加--allow-unrelated-histories
假如我們的源是origin，分支是master，那么我們 需要這樣寫git pull origin master --allow-unrelated-histories需要知道，我們的源可以是本地的路徑
接着到你的遠程庫查看,提交前:
提交成功后：
注意:操作的時候,指令不要輸錯了!!!!
下面這個是輸錯了 orgin的輸出:
git pull orgin master fatal: 'orgin' does not appear to be a git repository fatal: Could not read from remote repository. Please make sure you have the correct access rights and the repository exists.
正確的應該是origin!!
如果在push的時候有如下輸出:
$ git push -u origin master To https://git.oschina.net/liuqiqiang/LQQCircleShowImage.git ! [rejected] master -> master (fetch first) error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.oschina.net/liuqiqiang/LQQCircleShowImage.git' hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing hint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes hint: (e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again. hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.
看提示可知道,需要先pull一下,即執行一次:git pull origin master
然后再執行:git push origin master
分支管理
新建分支
$ git branch newbranch
查看分支
$ git branch
輸出:
* master
newbranch
*代表當前所在的分支
切換分支
$ git checkout new branch
輸出
Switched to branch 'newbranch'
切換后可用git branch查看是否切換到當前分支
master
* newbranch
提交改動到當前分支
$ git add .
$ git commit -a
可使用git status查看提交狀態
接着切回主分支
$ git checkout master
輸出:
Switched to branch 'master'
將新分支提交的改動合並到主分支上
$ git merge newbranch
輸出:
Updating cc73a48..93a1347 Fast-forward GitTest.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj | 9 +++++++++ .../UserInterfaceState.xcuserstate | Bin 0 -> 7518 bytes GitTest/test.h | 13 +++++++++++++ GitTest/test.m | 13 +++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 35 insertions(+) create mode 100644 GitTest.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcuserdata/Artron_LQQ.xcuserdatad/UserInterfaceState.xcuserstate create mode 100644 GitTest/test.h create mode 100644 GitTest/test.m
這里我提交了兩個文件,即:test.h和test.m
如果合並后產生沖突,可輸入以下指令查看沖突:
$ git diff
修改之后,再次提交即可;
接下來,就可以push代碼了:
$ git push -u origin master
這時可能需要你輸入你的github用戶名和密碼,按照提示輸入即可;
刪除分支
$ git branch -D newbranch
輸出
Deleted branch newbranch (was 93a1347).
以上就是最簡單的github操作了，也是在網上看着學的，注意在實際操作中多加練習，代碼這東西，剛開始橋的多了也就記下了！