環境
win64位，python3.6,
問題與解決
說來也巧，今天無意中解決了兩個多月前的問題，即用selenium調用chrome瀏覽器報錯的問題；起因是在知乎中看到了一篇12306搶票的文章，用splinter實現搶票，先把代碼貼出來，晚點再研究
from splinter.browser import Browser from time import sleep import traceback class Buy_Tickets(object): # 定義實例屬性，初始化 def __init__(self, username, passwd, order, passengers, dtime, starts, ends): self.username = username self.passwd = passwd # 車次，0代表所有車次，依次從上到下，1代表所有車次，依次類推 self.order = order # 乘客名 self.passengers = passengers # 起始地和終點 self.starts = starts self.ends = ends # 日期 self.dtime = dtime # self.xb = xb # self.pz = pz self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init' self.initMy_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306' self.ticket_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init' self.driver_name = 'chrome' self.executable_path = 'C:\Program Files\Python36\ChromeDriver.exe' # 登錄功能實現 def login(self): self.driver.visit(self.login_url) self.driver.fill('loginUserDTO.user_name', self.username) # sleep(1) self.driver.fill('userDTO.password', self.passwd) # sleep(1) print('請輸入驗證碼...') while True: if self.driver.url != self.initMy_url: sleep(1) else: break # 買票功能實現 def start_buy(self): self.driver = Browser(driver_name=self.driver_name, executable_path=self.executable_path) #窗口大小的操作 self.driver.driver.set_window_size(700, 500) self.login() self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url) try: print('開始購票...') # 加載查詢信息 self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation": self.starts}) self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation": self.ends}) self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate": self.dtime}) self.driver.reload() count = 0 if self.order != 0: while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url: self.driver.find_by_text('查詢').click() count += 1 print('第%d次點擊查詢...' % count) try: self.driver.find_by_text('預訂')[self.order-1].click() sleep(1.5) except Exception as e: print(e) print('預訂失敗...') continue else: while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url: self.driver.find_by_text('查詢').click() count += 1 print('第%d次點擊查詢...' % count) try: for i in self.driver.find_by_text('預訂'): i.click() sleep(1) except Exception as e: print(e) print('預訂失敗...') continue print('開始預訂...') sleep(1) print('開始選擇用戶...') for p in self.passengers: self.driver.find_by_text(p).last.click() sleep(0.5) if p[-1] == ')': self.driver.find_by_id('dialog_xsertcj_ok').click() print('提交訂單...') # sleep(1) # self.driver.find_by_text(self.pz).click() # sleep(1) # self.driver.find_by_text(self.xb).click() # sleep(1) self.driver.find_by_id('submitOrder_id').click() sleep(2) print('確認選座...') self.driver.find_by_id('qr_submit_id').click() print('預訂成功...') except Exception as e: print(e) if __name__ == '__main__': # 用戶名 username = 'xxxx' # 密碼 password = 'xxx' # 車次選擇，0代表所有車次 order = 2 # 乘客名，比如passengers = ['丁小紅', '丁小明'] # 學生票需注明，注明方式為：passengers = ['丁小紅(學生)', '丁小明'] passengers = ['丁彥軍'] # 日期，格式為：'2018-01-20' dtime = '2018-01-19' # 出發地(需填寫cookie值) starts = '%u5434%u5821%2CWUY' #吳堡 # 目的地(需填寫cookie值) ends = '%u897F%u5B89%2CXAY' #西安 # xb =['硬座座'] # pz=['成人票'] Buy_Tickets(username, password, order, passengers, dtime, starts, ends).start_buy()
好了，言歸正傳，之前那篇博文貼出了報錯，原因不在於防火牆等等，而在於chromedriver版本沒有下載對，參考並下載：
http://blog.csdn.net/huilan_same/article/details/51896672，我的chrome瀏覽器是63的版本，百度了一下，說是要裝2.34的版本，參考如下：
https://www.cnblogs.com/fangfangs/p/6265570.html
http://blog.csdn.net/u012246342/article/details/52860949
簡單來說搭建selenium+chrome瀏覽器的python環境需要如下步驟：
首先已經安裝好selenium,然后下載對應版本的chromedriver，然后放到1、\Google\Chrome\Application；2、\Python36\Scripts這兩個目錄下，再把1的路徑添加到環境變量path里，接着測試一下
from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
可以看到順利打開了百度頁面，測試完畢