【oracle】oracle常用命令匯總

查看數據庫狀態（普通用戶登錄要保證數據庫是open狀態）

SQL> select status from v$instance;

 創建用戶（新用戶需要授予連接權限才能連上數據庫）

SQL> create user user1 identified by redhat;
SQL> conn user1/redhat 
ERROR:
ORA-01045: user USER1 lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon denied
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
SQL> show user
USER is ""
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> grant connect to user1;
SQL> conn user1/redhat;
Connected.

刪除用戶

SQL> drop user user1 ;

查看系統擁有哪些用戶

SQL> select * from all_users;

 執行sql文件（PATH表示文件的路徑）

SQL> @PATH/filename.sql

 測試sql語句執行時間

SQL>set timing on ;

 查看當前數據庫名

SQL> select name from v$database;

 查看偵聽狀態/關閉偵聽/開啟偵聽

[grid@rac01 ~]$ lsnrctl status
[grid@rac01 ~]$ lsnrctl stop
[grid@rac01 ~]$ lsnrctl start

 關閉數據庫

SQL> shutdown immediate;

 開啟數據庫

SQL> startup

 查看當前用戶角色

select * from user_role_privs;

 查看數據文件

select * from dba_data_files;

 

 查看數據庫是否為歸檔模式

SQL> select name,log_mode from v$database;
SQL> archive log list;
SQL> select archiver from v$instance;

 開啟數據庫的歸檔模式（只能在mount狀態開啟）

SQL> alter database archivelog;
alter database archivelog
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01126: database must be mounted in this instance and not open in any
instance

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> 
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  784998400 bytes
Fixed Size		    2257352 bytes
Variable Size		  541068856 bytes
Database Buffers	  239075328 bytes
Redo Buffers		    2596864 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> 
SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> alter system archive log start;

System altered.

 關閉歸檔（同樣要在mount狀態下操作）

SQL> alter database noarchivelog;

-------------------------------------------------表空間-------------------------------

查看當前存在的表空間

select * from v$tablespace;

 查看表空間使用情況

SQL> select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name; -- 單位是M

 查看用戶默認表空間

SQL> select username,default_tablespace from dba_users;

 創建表空間（數據文件名一定是單引號引起來）

SQL> create tablespace test_tbsp datafile '/home/oracle/oradata/test_tbsp.dbf' size 100M;

修改用戶表空間

SQL> alter user user1 default tablespace test_tbsp;

 查看表空間是否自動擴展

SQL> select file_name,autoextensible,increment_by from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='TEST_TBSP';

 表空間開啟自動擴展

SQL> alter database datafile '/home/oracle/oradata/test_tbsp.dbf' autoextend on;

 表空間關閉自動擴展

SQL> alter database datafile '/home/oracle/oradata/test_tbsp.dbf' autoextend off;