1.下載mysql安裝包mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
2.用xftp工具將其上傳到Linux服務器上的soft文件夾，沒有的話先創建
[root@master ~]# cd / [root@master /]# ls bin dev home lib64 media opt root selinux sys usr boot etc lib lost+found mnt proc sbin srv tmp var [root@master /]# mkdir soft
3.解壓mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@master soft]# tar ‐zxvf mysql‐5.6.38‐linux‐glibc2.12‐x86_64.tar.gz
4.刪除mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz並將解壓的文件夾重命名為mysql
[root@master soft]# ls mysql‐5.6.38‐linux‐glibc2.12‐x86_64 mysql‐5.6.38‐linux‐glibc2.12‐x86_64.tar.gz [root@master soft]# rm ‐rf mysql‐5.6.38‐linux‐glibc2.12‐x86_64.tar.gz [root@master soft]# mv mysql‐5.6.38‐linux‐glibc2.12‐x86_64/ mysql
5.查看之前系統是否安裝過mysql
[root@master soft]# rpm ‐qa|grep mysql mysql‐libs‐5.1.73‐5.el6_6.x86_64
6.卸載之前安裝過的mysql
[root@master soft]# rpm ‐e ‐‐nodeps mysql‐libs‐5.1.73‐5.el6_6.x86_64 [root@master soft]# rpm ‐qa|grep mysql [root@master soft]#
7.查看系統之前是否有mysql用戶
[root@master soft]# groups mysql
groups: mysql：無此用戶
8.創建mysql用戶組及用戶
[root@master soft]# groupadd mysql
[root@master soft]# useradd ‐r ‐g mysql mysql
9.將解壓的mysql文件夾移動到/usr/local目錄下
[root@master soft]# mv mysql/ /usr/local/
10.進入/usr/local/文件夾並修改mysql文件夾用戶組及用戶為mysql
[root@master soft]# cd /usr/local/ [root@master local]# chown ‐R mysql:mysql mysql [root@master local]# ll 總用量 44 drwxr‐xr‐x. 2 root root 4096 9月 23 2011 bin drwxr‐xr‐x. 2 root root 4096 9月 23 2011 etc drwxr‐xr‐x. 2 root root 4096 9月 23 2011 games drwxr‐xr‐x. 2 root root 4096 9月 23 2011 include drwxr‐xr‐x. 2 root root 4096 9月 23 2011 lib drwxr‐xr‐x. 2 root root 4096 9月 23 2011 lib64 drwxr‐xr‐x. 2 root root 4096 9月 23 2011 libexec drwxr‐xr‐x. 13 mysql mysql 4096 1月 16 04:04 mysql drwxr‐xr‐x. 2 root root 4096 9月 23 2011 sbin drwxr‐xr‐x. 5 root root 4096 1月 16 02:15 share drwxr‐xr‐x. 2 root root 4096 9月 23 2011 src [root@master local]#
11.修改/etc/hosts文件夾將IP和主機名添加進去
[root@master scripts]# vi /etc/hosts
192.168.1.110 master 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
12.進入mysql/scripts/文件夾，進行安裝
[root@master scripts]# ./mysql_install_db ‐‐basedir=/usr/local/mysql ‐‐
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data ‐‐user=mysql ‐‐explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
1 Installing MySQL system tables...2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 0 [Note] Ignoring ‐‐secure‐file‐priv value 2 as server is running with ‐‐bootstrap. 3 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.38) starting as process 4 1996 ... 5 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 6 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 1996 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 7 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 8 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 9 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 10 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 11 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 12 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 13 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 14 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 1996 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a 15 new database to be created! 16 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB 17 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait... 18 2018‐01‐16 04:21:19 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB 19 2018‐01‐16 04:21:20 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB 20 2018‐01‐16 04:21:20 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0 21 2018‐01‐16 04:21:20 1996 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781 22 2018‐01‐16 04:21:20 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new 23 2018‐01‐16 04:21:20 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created 24 2018‐01‐16 04:21:20 1996 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 25 2018‐01‐16 04:21:20 1996 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 26 2018‐01‐16 04:21:20 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created 27 2018‐01‐16 04:21:20 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables. 28 2018‐01‐16 04:21:20 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created. 29 2018‐01‐16 04:21:20 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 30 2018‐01‐16 04:21:20 1996 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.38 started; log sequence number 0 31 2018‐01‐16 04:21:21 1996 [Note] Binlog end 32 2018‐01‐16 04:21:21 1996 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 33 2018‐01‐16 04:21:21 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 34 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 1996 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977 35 OK 36 Filling help tables...2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 0 [Note] Ignoring ‐‐secure‐file‐priv value as server 37 is running with ‐‐bootstrap. 38 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.38) starting as process 39 2018 ... 40 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 41 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 42 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 43 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 44 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 45 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 46 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 47 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 48 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 49 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda. 50 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 51 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 52 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.38 started; log sequence number 1625977 53 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] Binlog end 54 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 55 2018‐01‐16 04:21:22 2018 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 56 2018‐01‐16 04:21:24 2018 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987 57 OK 58 To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy 59 support‐files/mysql.server to the right place for your system 60 PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! 61 To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: 62 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ‐u root password 'new‐password' 63 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ‐u root ‐h master password 'new‐password' 64 Alternatively you can run: 65 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation 66 which will also give you the option of removing the test 67 databases and anonymous user created by default. This is 68 strongly recommended for production servers. 69 See the manual for more instructions. 70 You can start the MySQL daemon with: 71 cd . ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe & 72 You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql‐test‐run.pl 73 cd mysql‐test ; perl mysql‐test‐run.pl 74 Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/ 75 The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at 76 http://www.mysql.com 77 Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com 78 New default config file was created as /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf and 79 will be used by default by the server when you start it. 80 You may edit this file to change server settings
可能出現的錯誤
1、數據初始化‐主機名解析錯誤 系統‐Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.6 軟件‐源碼安裝mysql‐5.6.27.tar.gz 環境‐Linux rhel6.myexample.com 2.6.32‐504.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 16 01:56:35 EDT 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux 報錯：WARNING [root@rhel6 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db ‐‐user=mysql WARNING: The host 'rhel6.myexample.com' could not be looked up with ./bin/resolveip. This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work. This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames when specifying MySQL privileges ! 原因：主機名解析錯誤。 解決：hosts文件中添加如下內容，ok！ [root@rhel6 mysql]# vi /etc/hosts 192.168.56.20 rhel6.myexample.com 總結： 因為lib庫不是很兼容當前MySQL版本。在主機名解析不起作用的情況下，會引起MySQL守護進程、mysqld工作異常，因 此在MySQL中授權時需要使用IP地址，而不能使用主機名。 （不解決該問題，依然可以正確執行scripts/mysql_install_db數據庫初始化腳本。） 2、數據初始化‐時間戳問題 系統‐Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.6 軟件‐源碼安裝mysql‐5.6.27.tar.gz 環境‐Linux rhel6.myexample.com 2.6.32‐504.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 16 01:56:35 EDT 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux 報錯：Warning [root@rhel6 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db ‐‐user=mysql Installing MySQL system tables...2015‐11‐04 07:46:37 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use ‐‐explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2015‐11‐04 07:46:37 0 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.27) starting as process 2867 ... 原因：機器的系統時間與TIMESTAMP時間戳不匹配。 解決：執行mysql_install_db數據初始化腳本時添加explicit_defaults_for_timestamp選項。 [root@rhel6 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db ‐‐user=mysql ‐‐explicit_defaults_for_timestamp 3、數據初始化‐重復安裝引起多個配置文件，默認配置文件 系統‐Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.6 軟件‐源碼安裝mysql‐5.6.27.tar.gz 環境‐Linux rhel6.myexample.com 2.6.32‐504.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 16 01:56:35 EDT 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux 報錯：Warning WARNING: Found existing config file ./my.cnf on the system. Because this file might be in use, it was not replaced, but was used in bootstrap (unless you used ‐‐defaults‐file) and when you later start the server. The new default config file was created as ./my‐new.cnf, please compare it with your file and take the changes you need. WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system This file will be read by default by the MySQL server If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the ‐‐defaults‐file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server 原因： Warning1是因為重復安裝，導致在安裝目錄下已經存在my.cnf文件。 Warning2是指默認的my.cnf配置文件在/etc/目錄下。 啟動Mysql server時，可指定‐‐default‐file=/path/my.cnf參數來啟動mysql服務。
13.返回上一級mysql目錄，修改data文件及用戶組及用戶為mysql
[root@master scripts]# cd ..
[root@master mysql]# chown ‐R mysql:mysql data
14.修改mysql密碼，之前安裝時已經提示如何修改
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ‐u root password 'new‐password' /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ‐u root ‐h master password 'new‐password'
[root@master bin]# ./mysqladmin ‐u root password 'root'
有可能會出現以下錯誤
[root@master bin]# ./mysqladmin ‐u root password 'root' ./mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed error: 'Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)' Check that mysqld is running and that the socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' exists! [root@master bin]#
因為這時還沒有啟動mysql，這算是一個坑。
15.啟動mysql，進入mysql/support-files文件夾執行命令
[root@master mysql]# cd support‐files/ [root@master support‐files]# ls binary‐configure magic my‐default.cnf mysqld_multi.server mysql‐log‐rotate mysql.server [root@master support‐files]# ./mysql.server start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/master.err'. SUCCESS! [root@master support‐files]#
16.在重新執行命令修改密碼
[root@master bin]# ./mysqladmin ‐u root password 'root' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@master bin]#
17.登錄mysql
[root@master bin]# ./mysql ‐uroot ‐p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.6.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
18.將其他用戶的密碼也修改為root
update mysql.user set password=password('root') where user='root'; flush privileges;
mysql> update mysql.user set password=password('root') where user='root'; flush privileges; Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 4 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
19.在Windows上遠程連接mysql，此時端口不同，關閉Linux上的防火牆
[root@master bin]# service iptables stop
iptables：將鏈設置為政策 ACCEPT：filter [確定]
iptables：清除防火牆規則： [確定]
iptables：正在卸載模塊： [確定]
[root@master bin]#
此時在Windows上用cmd窗口Telnet Linux服務器3306端口報錯
D•Host '192.168.1.1' is not allowed to connect to 遺失對主機的連接。 C:\Users\Administrator>telnet 192.168.1.110 3306
為解決這一問題，需要本地登陸MySQL后執行如下命令
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
執行之后即可連接成功
20.將mysql加入services服務
[root@master mysql]# cp support‐files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@master mysql]# chkconfig ‐‐add mysqld [root@master mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on [root@master mysql]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@master mysql]#
查看狀態
[root@master mysql]# service mysqld status SUCCESS! MySQL running (21838) [root@master mysql]#
21.配置my.cnf
[root@master mysql]# vi my.cnf
[mysqld] # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin default‐character‐set=utf8 lower_case_table_names=1 max_allowed_packet=100M # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required. # basedir = ..... # datadir = ..... # port = ..... # server_id = ..... # socket = ..... # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
配置好之后充氣mysql服務
[root@master data]# service mysqld restart ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found! Starting MySQL... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/master.pid).
此時報錯，查看/usr/local/mysql/data/master.err文件發現報錯內容
2018‐01‐16 04:49:52 22747 [ERROR] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: unknown variable 'defaultcharacter‐ set=utf8' 2018‐01‐16 04:49:52 22747 [ERROR] Aborting
my.cnf字符集設置問題，重新設置為character_set_server=utf8
重新啟動解決
[root@master mysql]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@master mysql]#