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三層交換配置及RIP動態路由

本文轉載自   查看原文   2018-01-10 11:23   6501 

三層交換vlan間通信

1.1 問題

VLAN實現了廣播域的隔離，同時也將VLAN間的通信隔離了。三層交換技術使得VLAN間可以通信。

  • 通過三層交換實現VLAN間通信

1.2 方案

為了解決了傳統路由器低速、復雜所造成的網絡瓶頸問題，引入了三層交換技術。它根據實際應用時的情況，靈活地在網絡第二層或者第三層進行網絡分段。具有三層交換功能的設備是一個帶有第三層路由功能的第二層交換機。

簡單地說，三層交換技術就是：二層交換技術+三層轉發技術。

三層交換實現的拓撲如圖－1所示：

圖－1

1.3 步驟

實現此案例需要按照如下步驟進行。

步驟一：在連接PC的交換機上划分3個VLAN，並按圖－1把PC機加入相應VLAN

  1. tarenasw-3L (config)#vlan 2 //vlan1是默認VLAN，不需創建
  2. tarenasw-3L (config-vlan)#vlan 3
  3. tarenasw-3L (config-vlan)#exit
  4. tarenasw-3L (config)#interface f0/1
  5. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#switchport mode access
  6. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#switchport access vlan 1
  7. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#interface f0/2
  8. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#switchport mode access
  9. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
  10. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#interface f0/3
  11. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#switchport mode access
  12. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#switchport access vlan 3

步驟二：查看划分完的VLAN信息

VLAN1是默認VLAN，不需單獨創建，也不能改名。所有端口默認都在VLAN1中。

  1. tarenasw-2L#show vlan
  2. VLAN Name Status Ports
  3. ---- ----------------------- --------- ---------------------
  4. 1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6
  5. Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10
  6. Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14
  7. Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18
  8. Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22
  9. Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig1/1, Gig1/2
  10. 2 vlan0002 active Fa0/2
  11. 3 vlan0003 active Fa0/3

步驟三：為vlan1、vlan2、vlan3分別設置管理IP並開啟三層交換機路由功能

  1. tarenasw-3L #enable
  2. tarenasw-3L #configure terminal
  3. tarenasw-3L (config)#ip routing //開啟三層交換機路由功能
  4. tarenasw-3L (config)#interface vlan 1
  5. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
  6. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#no shutdown
  7. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#exit
  8. tarenasw-3L (config)#interface vlan 2
  9. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
  10. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#no shutdown
  11. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#exit
  12. tarenasw-3L (config)#interface vlan 3
  13. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
  14. tarenasw-3L (config-if)#no shutdown

步驟四：給客戶端配置IP地址並測試網絡連通性如圖-2圖-3所示

圖-2

圖-3

在PC1三上測試網絡連通性

  1. PC1>ping 192.168.3.1
  3. Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  5. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=128
  6. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128
  7. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128
  8. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=4ms TTL=128
  10. Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
  11. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  12. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  13. Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 4ms

2 案例2：多交換機vlan間通信

2.1 問題

三層交換機將接入層交換機匯聚到一起后還需實現了多交換機間不同VLAN的通信。

2.2 方案

三層交換機連接其他交換機的鏈路需配置為中繼鏈路，三層交換機接口配置trunk模式需先封裝,sw1規划vlan1、vlan2、vlan3，Sw2規划vlan4、vlan5並按圖-4給相應vlan配置對應網段的IP。

網絡的拓撲結構如圖－4所示：

圖－4

2.3 步驟

實現此案例需要按照如下步驟進行。

步驟一：配置三層交換機

1）三層交換機創建vlan並配置vlan的虛端口IP並開啟路由功能

  1. Switch>enable
  2. Switch#configure terminal
  3. Switch(config)#vlan 2
  4. Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 3
  5. Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 4
  6. Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 5
  7. Switch(config)#interface vlan 1
  8. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
  9. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
  10. Switch(config)#interface vlan 2
  11. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
  12. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
  13. Switch(config)#interface vlan 3
  14. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
  15. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
  16. Switch(config)#interface vlan 4
  17. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
  18. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
  19. Switch(config)#interface vlan 5
  20. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.254 255.255.255.0
  21. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
  22. Switch(config)#ip routing //開啟路由功能

2）三層交換的Fa0/23、Fa0/24設置為中繼鏈路模式

  1. Switch(config)#interface range f0/23-24
  2. Switch (config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
  3. Switch (config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk

步驟二：配置二層交換機

1）Sw1創建vlan2、 vlan3並將端口加入vlan

  1. Sw1(config)#vlan 2
  2. Sw1(config-vlan)#vlan 3
  3. Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2
  4. Sw1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
  5. Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3
  6. Sw1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
  7. Sw1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/5
  8. Sw1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk //連接三層交換機的接口配置為trunk模式

2）Sw2創建vlan4、 vlan5並將端口加入vlan

  1. Sw2(config)#vlan 4
  2. Sw2(config-vlan)#vlan 5
  3. Sw2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
  4. Sw2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 4
  5. Sw2(config)#interface f0/2
  6. Sw2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 5

步驟三：按圖-4配置IP並測試網絡的連通性

  1. PC>ipconfig
  2. FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)
  3. Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::2D0:D3FF:FE2E:5D25
  4. IP Address......................: 192.168.1.1
  5. Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
  6. Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.254
  7. PC>ping 192.168.4.1
  8. Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  9. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  10. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  11. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  12. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  13. Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
  14. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
  15. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  16. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
  17. PC>ping 192.168.5.1
  18. Pinging 192.168.5.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  19. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  20. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  21. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  22. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
  23. Ping statistics for 192.168.5.1:
  24. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
  25. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  26. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

3 案例3：三層交換配置路由

3.1 問題

三層交換機實現了VLAN間互通后，還要與其他網絡進行通信，這樣就需要有相關的路由機制。

  • 交換接口配置為三層接口實現路由間通信

3.2 方案

三層交換機既然具有三層功能，也就可以實現與路由器相似的配置。既可以把交換接口配置為三層接口，也可以在其上配置靜態、動態路由。通過對三層交換機的路由配置，實現VLAN與其他網絡的互通。

網絡的拓撲結構如圖－5所示：

圖－5

3.3 步驟

實現此案例需要按照如下步驟進行。

步驟一：多交換機vlan通信與案例2完全一致，不再贅述

步驟二：將三層交換的Fa0/6口配置為三層路由端口，並配置IP地址

三層交換機的物理端口默認是二層端口，只具有二層特性，不能配置IP地址。把二層端口配置為三層端口后，該端口就具備路由功能了，可以配置IP地址，但同時也就關閉了其二層特性，比如不能把三層端口加入VLAN。

二層端口（交換機上的端口默認都是二層端口）默認是激活狀態，那些沒有使用到的端口為了安全應該手工將其禁用（shutdown）；而 三層端口（路由器上的端口或是三層交換機上被配置成路由端口的端口）默認是禁用狀態，在使用之前務必要將其激活（no shutdown）。

  1. Switch(config)#interface f0/6
  2. Switch(config-if)#no switchport
  3. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0
  4. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

步驟三：配置路由器的端口IP地址

  1. Switch(config)#interface f0/0
  2. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0
  3. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown
  4. Switch(config-if)#interface f0/1
  5. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.7.254 255.255.255.0
  6. Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

步驟四：在三層交換機上配置靜態路由，以便VLAN內主機可以與外界網絡互聯

  1. Switch(config)#ip route 192.168.7.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.2
  2. Switch(config)#exit
  3. Switch#show ip route
  4. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  5. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  6. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  7. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  8. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  9. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  10. P - periodic downloaded static route
  12. Gateway of last resort is not set
  14. C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan1
  15. C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan2
  16. C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan3
  17. C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan4
  18. C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan5
  19. C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/6
  20. S 192.168.7.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.2

步驟五：在路由器上配置到達三個VLAN網絡的靜路由

  1. tarena-rouer(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  2. tarena-rouer(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  3. tarena-rouer(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  4. tarena-rouer(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  5. tarena-rouer(config)#ip route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  6. tarena-rouer(config)#exit
  7. tarena-rouer#show ip route
  8. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  9. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  10. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  11. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  12. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  13. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  14. P - periodic downloaded static route
  15. Gateway of last resort is not set
  16. S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1
  17. S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1
  18. S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1
  19. S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1
  20. S 192.168.5.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1
  21. C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  22. C 192.168.7.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
  23. tarena-rouer#

步驟六：在PC上測試與VLAN的連通性

  1. PC>ipconfig
  2. FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)
  3. Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE14:BB43
  4. IP Address......................: 192.168.7.1
  5. Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
  6. Default Gateway.................: 192.168.7.254
  7. SERVER>ping 192.168.1.1
  8. Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  9. Request timed out.
  10. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  11. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  12. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
  13. Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:
  14. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
  15. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  16. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
  17. SERVER>ping 192.168.2.10
  18. Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  19. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  20. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  21. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  22. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  23. Ping statistics for 192.168.2.1:
  24. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  25. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  26. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
  27. SERVER>ping 192.168.3.1
  28. Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  29. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
  30. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  31. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  32. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  33. Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
  34. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  35. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  36. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

4 案例4：RIP動態路由配置

4.1 問題

在相對較小而且結構不變的網絡中，靜態路由是很好的解決方案，它配置簡單而且不過多消耗設備資源（動態路由協議在運行時要消耗路由器內部資源，在與其他路由器更新信息時又會消耗網絡資源）。

然而在大型網絡中，網絡非常多，而且很有可能因為某些因素的影響，網絡拓撲會有輕微變化。這時如果仍然采用靜態路由就非常不方便了。

  • 通過RIP實現路由間通信

4.2 方案

動態路由協議配置靈活，路由器會發送自身的路由信息給其他路由器，同時也會接收其他路由器發來的路由信息建立自己的路由表。這樣在路由 器上就不必像靜態路由那樣為每個目標地址都配置路由，因為路由器可以通過協議學習這些路由。網絡拓撲改變，路由信息也會自動更新，無需管理員干預。

網絡拓撲如圖－6所示：

圖－6

4.3 步驟

實現此案例需要按照如下步驟進行。

步驟一：按圖-6配置路由接口IP分別（與以前路由配置接口IP方法一致不再贅述配置）

步驟二：在三台路由上配置RIP路由協議

  1. tarena-router1(config)#router rip
  2. tarena-router1(config-router)#version 2
  3. tarena-router1(config-router)#no auto-summary
  4. tarena-router1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
  5. tarena-router1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
  7. tarena-router2(config)#router rip
  8. tarena-router2(config-router)#version 2
  9. tarena-router2(config-router)#no auto-summary
  10. tarena-router2(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
  11. tarena-router2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
  13. tarena-router3(config)#router rip
  14. tarena-router3(config-router)#version 2
  15. tarena-router3(config-router)#no auto-summary
  16. tarena-router3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
  17. tarena-router3(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0

步驟三：分別在三台路由器上查看路由表

注意以R開頭的路由，這些路由表示通過RIP協議從其他運行RIP的路由器學習過來的路由。每條路由都寫明了目標網絡、下一跳IP地址以及從自己哪個端口發出去。

  1. tarena-router1#show ip route
  2. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  3. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  4. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  5. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  6. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  7. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  8. P - periodic downloaded static route
  10. Gateway of last resort is not set
  12. C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  13. C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
  14. R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:26, FastEthernet0/1
  15. R 192.168.4.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:26, FastEthernet0/1
  17. tarena-router2#show ip route
  18. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  19. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  20. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  21. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  22. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  23. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  24. P - periodic downloaded static route
  26. Gateway of last resort is not set
  28. R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/1
  29. C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
  30. C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  31. R 192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/0
  33. tarena-router3#show ip route
  34. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  35. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  36. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  37. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  38. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  39. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  40. P - periodic downloaded static route
  42. Gateway of last resort is not set
  44. R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
  45. R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0
  46. C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  47. C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

步驟四：在PC上測試到主機的通信

  1. PC>ping 192.168.4.1
  3. Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  5. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
  6. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
  7. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
  8. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
  10. Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
  11. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  12. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  13. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

5 案例5：三層交換配置RIP動態路由

5.1 問題

在三層交換機上配置RIP路由協議，以三層交換機代替路由器。

  • 通過RIP實現路由間通信

5.2 方案

動態路由協議配置靈活，路由器會發送自身的路由信息給其他路由器，同時也會接收其他路由器發來的路由信息建立自己的路由表。這樣在路由 器上就不必像靜態路由那樣為每個目標地址都配置路由，因為路由器可以通過協議學習這些路由。網絡拓撲改變，路由信息也會自動更新，無需管理員干預。

網絡拓撲如圖－7所示：

圖－7

5.3 步驟

實現此案例需要按照如下步驟進行。

步驟一：VLAN以及端口配置與上面3三層交換配置路由完全一致，不再贅述配置

步驟二：將上面【案例3：在三層交換機與路由器上配置路由】中的靜態路由刪除

  1. tarenasw-3L (config)#no ip route 192.168.7.0 192.168.6.2
  2. tarena-router(config)#no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  3. tarena-router(config)#no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  4. tarena-router(config)#no ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  5. tarena-router(config)#no ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
  6. tarena-router(config)#no ip route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1

步驟三：分別在三層交換機和路由器上配置RIP路由協議

RIP路由協議在配置network時，只需要配置該路由器所直連的主類網絡，不與該路由器直連的網絡不需要包含在network中。

RIP默認工作在第一版本下，但是RIP-V1是有類路由協議，而且通過廣播的方式進行路由更新，無論是功能上還是效率上都有一些缺陷，這些缺陷RIP-V2可以彌補。在使用時建議采用RIP-V2而不是RIP-V1。

  1. tarenasw-3L(config)#router rip
  2. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#version 2
  3. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#no auto-summary
  4. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
  5. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
  6. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
  7. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0
  8. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0
  9. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#network 192.168.6.0
  10. tarena-router(config)#router rip
  11. tarena-router(config-router)#version 2
  12. tarenasw-3L(config-router)#no auto-summary
  13. tarena-router(config-router)#network 192.168.6.0
  14. tarena-router(config-router)#network 192.168.7.0

步驟四：分別在三層交換機和路由器上查看路由表

注意以R開頭的路由，這些路由表示通過RIP協議從其他運行RIP的路由器學習過來的路由。每條路由都寫明了目標網絡、下一跳IP地址以及從自己哪個端口發出去。

  1. tarenasw-3L#show ip route
  2. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  3. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  4. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  5. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  6. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  7. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  8. P - periodic downloaded static route
  10. Gateway of last resort is not set
  12. C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan1
  13. C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan2
  14. C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan3
  15. C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan4
  16. C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan5
  17. C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/6
  18. R 192.168.7.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.2, 00:00:12, FastEthernet0/6 0
  20. Router#show ip route
  21. Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  22. D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
  23. N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  24. E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  25. i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  26. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  27. P - periodic downloaded static route
  29. Gateway of last resort is not set
  31. R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
  32. R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
  33. R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
  34. R 192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
  35. R 192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.6.1, 00:00:25, FastEthernet0/0
  36. C 192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  37. C 192.168.7.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

步驟五：在PC上測試到五個VLAN中主機的通信

  1. PC>ipconfig
  2. FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)
  3. Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::2E0:8FFF:FE14:BB43
  4. IP Address......................: 192.168.7.1
  5. Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
  6. Default Gateway.................: 192.168.7.254
  7. SERVER>ping 192.168.1.1
  8. Pinging 192.168.1.10 with 32 bytes of data:
  9. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  10. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  11. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  12. Reply from 192.168.1.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
  13. Ping statistics for 192.168.1.1:
  14. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
  15. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  16. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
  17. PC >ping 192.168.2.10
  18. Pinging 192.168.2.10 with 32 bytes of data:
  19. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  20. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  21. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  22. Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  23. Ping statistics for 192.168.2.1:
  24. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  25. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  26. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
  27. PC >ping 192.168.3.1
  28. Pinging 192.168.3.10 with 32 bytes of data:
  29. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
  30. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  31. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  32. Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  33. Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
  34. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  35. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  36. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
  37. PC >
  38. 31% /misc/nfsdir SERVER>ping 192.168.3.10
  39. Pinging 192.168.3.10 with 32 bytes of data:
  40. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
  41. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  42. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  43. Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  44. Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
  45. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  46. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  47. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
  48. PC>
  49. 31% /misc/nfsdir
  50. SERVER>ping 192.168.5.1
  51. Pinging 192.168.5.1 with 32 bytes of data:
  52. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
  53. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  54. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  55. Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
  56. Ping statistics for 192.168.5.1:
  57. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
  58. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
  59. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
  60. 31% /misc/nfsdir


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