Linux監控重要進程的實現方法
不管后台服務程序寫的多么健壯,還是可能會出現core dump等程序異常退出的情況,但是一般情況下需要在無
人為干預情況下,能夠自動重新啟動,保證服務進程能夠服務用戶。這時就需要一個監控程序來實現能夠讓服務進程自動重新啟動。查閱相關資料及嘗試一些方法之后,總結linux系統監控重要進程的實現方法:腳本檢測和子進程替換。
1、腳本檢測 (1) 基本思路: 通過shell命令(ps -e | grep "$1" | grep -v "grep" | wc -l) 獲取 $1 ($1 代表進程的名字)的進程數,腳本根據進程數來決定下一步的操作。通過一個死循環,每隔幾秒檢查一次系統中的指定程序的進程數,這里也可使用crontab來實現。 (2) 具體實現過程的代碼如下: [ supervisor.sh ]
- #! /bin/sh
- # supervisor process
- LOG_FILE=/var/log/supervisor_sh.log
- # log function
- function log() {
- local t=$(date +"%F %X")
- echo "[ $t ] $0 : $1 " >> ${LOG_FILE}
- }
- # check process number
- # $1 : process name
- function check_process() {
- if [ -z $1 ]; then
- log "Input parameter is empty."
- return 0
- fi
- p_num=$(ps -e | grep "$1" | grep -v "grep" | wc -l)
- log "p_num = $p_num"
- echo $p_num
- }
- # supervisor process
- while [ 1 ]
- do
- declare -i ch_num
- p_name="apache2"
- ch_num=$(check_process $p_name)
- if [ $ch_num -eq 0 ]; then
- killall $p_name
- service $p_name start
- fi
- sleep 3
- done
#! /bin/sh # supervisor process LOG_FILE=/var/log/supervisor_sh.log # log function function log() { local t=$(date +"%F %X") echo "[ $t ] $0 : $1 " >> ${LOG_FILE} } # check process number # $1 : process name function check_process() { if [ -z $1 ]; then log "Input parameter is empty." return 0 fi p_num=$(ps -e | grep "$1" | grep -v "grep" | wc -l) log "p_num = $p_num" echo $p_num } # supervisor process while [ 1 ] do declare -i ch_num p_name="apache2" ch_num=$(check_process $p_name) if [ $ch_num -eq 0 ]; then killall $p_name service $p_name start fi sleep 3 done
2、子進程替換 (1) 基本思路: a. 使用fork函數創建一個新的進程,在進程表中創建一個新的表項,而創建者(即父進程)按原來的流程繼續執行,子進程執行自己的控制流程 b. 運用execv函數把當前進程替換為一個新的進程,新進程由path或file參數指定,可以使用execv函數將程序的執行從一個程序切換到另一個程序 c. 當fork啟動一個子進程時,子進程就有了它自己的生命周期並將獨立運行,此時可以在父進程中調用wait函數讓父進程等待子進程的結束 (2) 基本的實現步驟: a. 首先使用fork系統調用,創建子進程 b. 在子進程中使用execv函數,執行需要自動重啟的程序 c. 在父進程中執行wait函數等待子進程的結束,然后重新創建一個新的子進程 (3) 具體實現的代碼如下: supervisor.c
- /**
- *
- * supervisor
- *
- * date: 2016-08-10
- *
- */
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/wait.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <time.h>
- #define LOG_FILE "/var/log/supervisor.log"
- void s_log(char *text) {
- time_t t;
- struct tm *tm;
- char *log_file;
- FILE *fp_log;
- char date[128];
- log_file = LOG_FILE;
- fp_log = fopen(log_file, "a+");
- if (NULL == fp_log) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not open logfile '%s' for writing\n", log_file);
- }
- time(&t);
- tm = localtime(&t);
- strftime(date, 127, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tm);
- /* write the message to stdout and/or logfile */
- fprintf(fp_log, "[%s] %s\n", date, text);
- fflush(fp_log);
- fclose(fp_log);
- }
- int main(int argc, char **argv) {
- int ret, i, status;
- char *child_argv[100] = {0};
- pid_t pid;
- if (argc < 2) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Usage:%s <exe_path> <args...>", argv[0]);
- return -1;
- }
- for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
- child_argv[i-1] = (char *)malloc(strlen(argv[i])+1);
- strncpy(child_argv[i-1], argv[i], strlen(argv[i]));
- //child_argv[i-1][strlen(argv[i])] = '0';
- }
- while(1) {
- pid = fork();
- if (pid == -1) {
- fprintf(stderr, "fork() error.errno:%d error:%s", errno, strerror(errno));
- break;
- }
- if (pid == 0) {
- s_log(child_argv[0]);
- ret = execv(child_argv[0], (char **)child_argv);
- s_log("execv return");
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "execv ret:%d errno:%d error:%s", ret, errno, strerror(errno));
- continue;
- }
- s_log("exit child process");
- exit(0);
- }
- if (pid > 0) {
- pid = wait(&status);
- fprintf(stdout, "Child process id: %d\n", pid);
- //fprintf(stdout, "wait return");
- s_log("Wait child process return");
- }
- }
- return 0;
- }
/** * * supervisor * * date: 2016-08-10 * */ #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #define LOG_FILE "/var/log/supervisor.log" void s_log(char *text) { time_t t; struct tm *tm; char *log_file; FILE *fp_log; char date[128]; log_file = LOG_FILE; fp_log = fopen(log_file, "a+"); if (NULL == fp_log) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open logfile '%s' for writing\n", log_file); } time(&t); tm = localtime(&t); strftime(date, 127, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tm); /* write the message to stdout and/or logfile */ fprintf(fp_log, "[%s] %s\n", date, text); fflush(fp_log); fclose(fp_log); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { int ret, i, status; char *child_argv[100] = {0}; pid_t pid; if (argc < 2) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage:%s <exe_path> <args...>", argv[0]); return -1; } for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) { child_argv[i-1] = (char *)malloc(strlen(argv[i])+1); strncpy(child_argv[i-1], argv[i], strlen(argv[i])); //child_argv[i-1][strlen(argv[i])] = '0'; } while(1) { pid = fork(); if (pid == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "fork() error.errno:%d error:%s", errno, strerror(errno)); break; } if (pid == 0) { s_log(child_argv[0]); ret = execv(child_argv[0], (char **)child_argv); s_log("execv return"); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "execv ret:%d errno:%d error:%s", ret, errno, strerror(errno)); continue; } s_log("exit child process"); exit(0); } if (pid > 0) { pid = wait(&status); fprintf(stdout, "Child process id: %d\n", pid); //fprintf(stdout, "wait return"); s_log("Wait child process return"); } } return 0; }
(4) 測試驗證 a. 假設需要自動重啟的程序為demo.c,其代碼實現如下所示:
- /*
- *
- * demo
- *
- */
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/wait.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <time.h>
- #define LOG_FILE "/var/log/demo.log"
- void demo_log(int num) {
- time_t t;
- struct tm *tm;
- char *log_file;
- FILE *fp_log;
- char date[128];
- log_file = LOG_FILE;
- fp_log = fopen(log_file, "a+");
- if (NULL == fp_log) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not open logfile '%s' for writing\n", log_file);
- }
- time(&t);
- tm = localtime(&t);
- strftime(date,127,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",tm);
- /* write the message to stdout and/or logfile */
- fprintf(fp_log, "[%s] num = %d\n", date, num);
- fflush(fp_log);
- fclose(fp_log);
- }
- int main(int argc, char **argv[]) {
- int num = 0;
- while(1) {
- sleep(10);
- num++;
- demo_log(num);
- }
- }
/* * * demo * */ #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #define LOG_FILE "/var/log/demo.log" void demo_log(int num) { time_t t; struct tm *tm; char *log_file; FILE *fp_log; char date[128]; log_file = LOG_FILE; fp_log = fopen(log_file, "a+"); if (NULL == fp_log) { fprintf(stderr, "Could not open logfile '%s' for writing\n", log_file); } time(&t); tm = localtime(&t); strftime(date,127,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",tm); /* write the message to stdout and/or logfile */ fprintf(fp_log, "[%s] num = %d\n", date, num); fflush(fp_log); fclose(fp_log); } int main(int argc, char **argv[]) { int num = 0; while(1) { sleep(10); num++; demo_log(num); } }
b. 測試准備和說明:
b1. 以上相關服務程序編譯后的二進制文件為: supervisor 和 demo
b2. 執行如下測試命令 ./supervisor ./demo
c. 測試的結果:
c1. execv(progname, arg) 執行成功后,其后的代碼不會執行;只有當執行錯誤時,才會返回 -1。原來調用execv進程的代碼段會被progname應用程序的代碼段替換。
c2. 當kill掉子進程時,父進程wait函數會接收到子進程退出的信號,進而循環再啟動子進程,此過程實時性非常高。
c3. 當kill掉父進程時,子進程會被init進程接管,如果此時再kill掉子進程,則子進程會退出。
c4. 當同時kill掉父子進程,則父子進程都會退出。