【ASP.NET Core快速入門】（十四）MVC開發：UI、 EF + Identity實現、注冊實現、登陸實現

本文轉載自查看原文 2018-01-05 17:36 4437 【ASP.NET Core快速入門】

前言

之前我們進行了MVC的web頁面的Cookie-based認證實現，接下來的開發我們要基於之前的MvcCookieAuthSample項目做修改。

MvcCookieAuthSample項目地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/wyt007/p/8128186.html

UI

我們首先在AccountController中添加兩個Action

        public IActionResult Register()        
　　　　 { 
　　
　　　　　　　　return View();

 } public IActionResult Login() { return View(); }

然后在Views文件夾下新增Account文件夾並新增Register.cshtml與Login.cshtml視圖，樣式我們盡量從上一節的Identity視圖中拷貝過來。

我們還需要新建一個ViewModels，在ViewModels中新建RegisterViewModel.cs來接收表單提交的值以及來進行強類型視圖

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels
{
    public class RegisterViewModel
    {
        //郵箱
        public string Email { get; set; }
        //密碼
        public string Password { get; set; }
        //確認密碼
        public string ConfirmedPassword { get; set; }
    }
}

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Register";
}

@using MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels;
@model RegisterViewModel;

<h2>@ViewData["Title"]</h2>
<h3>@ViewData["Message"]</h3>

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
        <form  method="post">
            <h4>Create a new account.</h4>
            <hr />
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="Email"></label>
                <input asp-for="Email" class="form-control" />
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="Password"></label>
                <input asp-for="Password" class="form-control" />
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label asp-for="ConfirmedPassword"></label>
                <input asp-for="ConfirmedPassword" class="form-control" />
            </div>
            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Register</button>
        </form>
    </div>
</div>

View Code

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Login";
}

@using MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels;
@model RegisterViewModel;

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
        <section>
            <form  method="post">
                <h4>Use a local account to log in.</h4>
                <hr />

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label asp-for="Email"></label>
                    <input asp-for="Email" class="form-control" />
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label asp-for="Password"></label>
                    <input asp-for="Password" type="password" class="form-control" />
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Log in</button>
                </div>

            </form>
        </section>
    </div>
</div>

View Code

然后在_Layout.cshtml中添加導航代碼：

<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Register">Register</a></li>
    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Login">Log in</a></li>
</ul>

View Code

然后運行網站，UI已經實現

EF + Identity實現

EF實現

首先我們添加一個Data文件夾，由於VSCode的代碼提示不是很好，接下來我們用VS2017開發。

我們首先在Models文件夾下面新建ApplicationUser.cs與ApplicationUserRole.cs

ApplicationUser.cs代碼：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Models
{
    public class ApplicationUser:IdentityUser<int>//不加int的話是默認主鍵為guid
    {
    }
}

ApplicationUserRole.cs代碼：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Models
{
    public class ApplicationUserRole: IdentityRole<int>//不加int的話是默認主鍵為guid
    {
    }
}

然后在Data文件夾下新建一個ApplicationDbContext.cs類，使它繼承IdentityDbContext

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using MvcCookieAuthSample.Models;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Data
{
    public class ApplicationDbContext:IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser, ApplicationUserRole,int>
    {
        public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options):base(options)
        {

        }
    }
}

然后我們需要在Startup.cs添加EF的注冊進來

//使用配置ApplicationDbContext使用sqlserver數據庫，並配置數據庫連接字符串
services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options=> {
    options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"));
});

然后我們需要在appsettings.json中配置數據庫連接字符串

"ConnectionStrings": {
  "DefaultConnection": "Server=192.168.1.184;Database=aspnet-IdentitySample-9A22BB3E-8D53-4F44-B533-2EF927C959DE;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true;uid=sa;pwd=123456"
}

EF實現結束

Identity實現

我們需要在Startup.cs添加Identity的注冊進來

//配置Identity
services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, ApplicationUserRole>()
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
    .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

由於默認的Identity在密碼上限制比較嚴格，我們把它改的寬松簡單一點（不設置也行）

//修改Identity配置
services.Configure<IdentityOptions>(options =>
{
    options.Password.RequireLowercase = false;//需要小寫
    options.Password.RequireNonAlphanumeric = false;//需要字母
    options.Password.RequireUppercase = false;//需要大寫
});

然后我們把認證的地址改成/Account/Login

然后我們修改AccountController，加入以下代碼

private UserManager<ApplicationUser> _userManager;//創建用戶的
private SignInManager<ApplicationUser> _signInManager;//用來登錄的

//依賴注入
public AccountController(UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, SignInManager<ApplicationUser> signInManager)
{
    _userManager = userManager;
    _signInManager = signInManager;
}


[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel registerViewModel)
{
    var identityUser = new ApplicationUser
    {
        Email = registerViewModel.Email,
        UserName = registerViewModel.Email,
        NormalizedUserName = registerViewModel.Email
    };
    var identityResult=await _userManager.CreateAsync(identityUser, registerViewModel.Password);
    if (identityResult.Succeeded)
    {
        return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
    }

    return View();
}

完整的AccountController

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using MvcCookieAuthSample.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Cookies;
using System.Security.Claims;
using MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace MvcCookieAuthSample.Controllers
{

    public class AccountController : Controller
    {
        private UserManager<ApplicationUser> _userManager;//創建用戶的
        private SignInManager<ApplicationUser> _signInManager;//用來登錄的

        //依賴注入
        public AccountController(UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager, SignInManager<ApplicationUser> signInManager)
        {
            _userManager = userManager;
            _signInManager = signInManager;
        }


        public IActionResult Register()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public async Task<IActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel registerViewModel)
        {
            var identityUser = new ApplicationUser
            {
                Email = registerViewModel.Email,
                UserName = registerViewModel.Email,
                NormalizedUserName = registerViewModel.Email
            };
            var identityResult=await _userManager.CreateAsync(identityUser, registerViewModel.Password);
            if (identityResult.Succeeded)
            {
                return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
            }

            return View();
        }

        public IActionResult Login()
        {
            return View();
        }



        //登陸
        public IActionResult MakeLogin()
        {
            var claims=new List<Claim>(){
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,"wyt"),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role,"admin")
            };

            var claimIdentity= new ClaimsIdentity(claims,CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);

            HttpContext.SignInAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,new ClaimsPrincipal(claimIdentity));

            return Ok();
        }

        //登出
        public IActionResult Logout()
        {
            HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);

            return Ok();
        }
    }
}

View Code

接下來我們重新生成一下，我們需要執行shell命令生成一下數據庫，只有添加 Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools 才會生成成功，否則會報以下錯誤

執行命令總是提示未找到與命令“dotnet-ef”匹配的可執行文件，根據網上的解決辦法引用 Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools 問題依舊不能得到解決。

解決辦法：

右擊項目彈出菜單點擊編輯***.csprog,增加如下配置。

<ItemGroup>
    <DotNetCliToolReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet" Version="2.0.0" />
</ItemGroup>

執行增加配置命令后

這時候Data文件夾下已經有新增的數據庫更新配置文件了

然后我們執行更新命令，執行成功后我們就可以看到數據庫表已經生成了

接下來我們運行一下網站進行注冊，注冊成功，已經存儲進數據庫

注冊實現

前面雖然可以注冊了，但是我們注冊完成后並沒有生成Cookies信息。所以我們要在Register方法中進行登陸生成Cookies

完整的注冊方法如下：

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel registerViewModel)
{
    var identityUser = new ApplicationUser
    {
        Email = registerViewModel.Email,
        UserName = registerViewModel.Email,
        NormalizedUserName = registerViewModel.Email
    };
    var identityResult=await _userManager.CreateAsync(identityUser, registerViewModel.Password);
    if (identityResult.Succeeded)
    {
        //注冊完成登錄生成cookies信息
        await _signInManager.SignInAsync(identityUser, new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = true });

        return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
    }

    return View();
}

View Code

一般來說，如果用戶已經注冊或者登陸了，注冊和登陸按鈕是要隱藏的，所以我們接下來要修改_Layout.cshtml視圖頁面判斷注冊/登陸按鈕是否應該隱藏

完整的_Layout.cshtml代碼:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>@ViewData["Title"] - MvcCookieAuthSample</title>

    <environment include="Development">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.css" />
    </environment>
    <environment exclude="Development">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"
              asp-fallback-href="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
              asp-fallback-test-class="sr-only" asp-fallback-test-property="position" asp-fallback-test-value="absolute" />
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.min.css" asp-append-version="true" />
    </environment>
</head>
<body>
    <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
        <div class="container">
            <div class="navbar-header">
                <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
                    <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                </button>
                <a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index" class="navbar-brand">MvcCookieAuthSample</a>
            </div>
            <div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
                <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index">Home</a></li>
                    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="About">About</a></li>
                    <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Contact">Contact</a></li>
                </ul>

                @if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
                {
                    <form asp-action="Logout" asp-controller="Account" method="post">
                        <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                            <li>
                                <a title="Welcome" asp-controller="Admin" asp-action="Index">@User.Identity.Name</a>
                            </li>
                            <li>
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-link navbar-btn navbar-link">Log out</button>
                            </li>
                        </ul>
                    </form>

                }
                else
                {
                    <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                        <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Register">Register</a></li>
                        <li><a asp-area="" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Login">Log in</a></li>
                    </ul>
                }


            </div>
        </div>
    </nav>
    <div class="container body-content">
        @RenderBody()
        <hr />
        <footer>
            <p>&copy; 2018 - MvcCookieAuthSample</p>
        </footer>
    </div>

    <environment include="Development">
        <script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
        <script src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
        <script src="~/js/site.js" asp-append-version="true"></script>
    </environment>
    <environment exclude="Development">
        <script src="https://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery/jquery-2.2.0.min.js"
                asp-fallback-src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"
                asp-fallback-test="window.jQuery"
                crossorigin="anonymous"
                integrity="sha384-K+ctZQ+LL8q6tP7I94W+qzQsfRV2a+AfHIi9k8z8l9ggpc8X+Ytst4yBo/hH+8Fk">
        </script>
        <script src="https://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/bootstrap/3.3.7/bootstrap.min.js"
                asp-fallback-src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"
                asp-fallback-test="window.jQuery && window.jQuery.fn && window.jQuery.fn.modal"
                crossorigin="anonymous"
                integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa">
        </script>
        <script src="~/js/site.min.js" asp-append-version="true"></script>
    </environment>

    @RenderSection("Scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

View Code

這時候登陸的之后的導航欄信息就有了

登陸實現

我們接下來實現一下登陸邏輯，我們首先新建一個HttpPost的Login的Action

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Login(RegisterViewModel loginViewModel)
{
    var user= await _userManager.FindByEmailAsync(loginViewModel.Email);
    if (user==null)
    {
        //異常先不寫，后期統一收集
    }
    //賬號密碼先不做驗證，需要可以自己寫
    await _signInManager.SignInAsync(user, new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = true });

    return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}

然后我們把原來的Logout也順便修改一下，不能是return OK();而要跳轉到首頁

//登出
public async Task<IActionResult> Logout()
{
    //HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
    //return Ok();

    await _signInManager.SignOutAsync();
    return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}

接下來我們修改一下Login.cshtml頁面

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Login";
}

@using MvcCookieAuthSample.ViewModels;
@model RegisterViewModel;

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
        <section>
            <form  method="post" asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Login">
                <h4>Use a local account to log in.</h4>
                <hr />

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label asp-for="Email"></label>
                    <input asp-for="Email" class="form-control" />
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label asp-for="Password"></label>
                    <input asp-for="Password" type="password" class="form-control" />
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Log in</button>
                </div>

            </form>
        </section>
    </div>
</div>

View Code

接下來我們可以運行一下登陸注冊，即可成功登陸后跳轉到首頁，注冊后跳轉倒是首頁

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