幾款網絡測試工具總結
ping命令以前是一個很好用並且常用的網絡測試工具,它是基於ICMP協議,但是出於網絡安全等因素,大部分網絡環境以及雲環境可能都會禁止ICMP協議,所以在工作中,我們必須掌握一些其他比較流行的網絡測試工具,下面分別介紹tcpping、tcping、psping、hping、paping等幾款網絡測試工具。
關於ICMP概念:
ICMP是(Internet Control Message Protocol)Internet控制報文協議。它是TCP/IP協議族的一個子協議,用於在IP主機、路由器之間傳遞控制消息。控制消息是指網絡通不通、主機是否可達、路由是否可用等網絡本身的消息。這些控制消息雖然並不傳輸用戶數據,但是對於用戶數據的傳遞起着重要的作用。
tcpping介紹
tcpping工具工作在 TCP 層,通過發送偽造的 TCP SYN 包並偵聽來自服務器或中間設備返回的 SYN/ACK 或 RST 。代碼100多行,源代碼在此鏈接http://www.vdberg.org/~richard/tcpping,tcpping需要調用tcptraceroute。打印與ping近乎相同測試結果,目前版本為V1.7,tcping的介紹參考鏈接http://www.vdberg.org/~richard/tcpping.html,這個是Richard van den Berg在2002年編寫的,作者當時需要測量TCP往返時間。所以寫了這個腳本。tcpping只支持Linux。不支持Windows平台。
tcpping安裝
1:tcpping腳本依賴tcptraceroute組件,所以必須先安裝tcptraceroute
#yum install tcptraceroute
2:下載tcpping文件
wget http://www.vdberg.org/~richard/tcpping
3:將tcpping文件移動到/usr/bin下並授權。
# mv tcpping /usr/bin/
# cd /usr/bin
# chmod 755 tcpping
tcpping測試
tcpping幫助信息。
# tcpping
tcpping v1.7 Richard van den Berg <richard@vdberg.org>
Usage: tcpping [-d] [-c] [-C] [-w sec] [-q num] [-x count] ipaddress [port]
-d print timestamp before every result
-c print a columned result line
-C print in the same format as fping's -C option
-w wait time in seconds (defaults to 3)
-r repeat every n seconds (defaults to 1)
-x repeat n times (defaults to unlimited)
See also: man tcptraceroute
參數 |
參數描述 |
-d |
在每個結果輸出前打印時間戳 |
-c |
將結果輸出在一列。 |
-C |
輸出與fping的-C選項相同的打印格式 |
-w |
wait time in seconds (defaults to 3) |
-r |
-r n :每n秒重復一次(默認為1) |
-x |
重復n次(默認為無限制) |
tcping介紹
tcping也是通過tcp端口工作,tcping還能監聽某個端口的狀態,注意tcping與tcpping是不同的兩款工具,另外tcping也有很多版本。如下所示:
來自 kirchner 源代碼的 TCPing
來自 Eli Fulkerson 源代碼的 TCPing
tcping安裝
Windows平台:
從https://www.elifulkerson.com/projects/tcping.php下載該工具后。放到C:\Windows\System32目錄下即可。無需安裝。
Linux平台:
linux平台較多,安裝方式也較多,當然最簡單的莫過於yum安裝。測試感覺Linux下的這款工具功能過於簡單。
yum install tcping
tcping測試
Eli Fulkerson寫的Windows下的tcping功能十分強大。參數多到不想去總結,實在是太多了,如果不清楚,每次使用的時候查看幫助文檔即可。
C:\Users>tcping www.aliyun.com
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.444ms
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.574ms
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.965ms
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=4.074ms
Ping statistics for 140.205.172.20:80
4 probes sent.
4 successful, 0 failed.
Approximate trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 2.444ms, Maximum = 4.074ms, Average = 3.014ms
C:\Users>tcping www.aliyun.com 80
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.731ms
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.126ms
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.916ms
Probing 140.205.172.20:80/tcp - Port is open - time=2.609ms
Ping statistics for 140.205.172.20:80
4 probes sent.
4 successful, 0 failed.
Approximate trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 2.126ms, Maximum = 2.916ms, Average = 2.595ms
C:\Users>
Linux:
Linux下的tcping命令功能非常簡單,如下所示,感覺沒有tcpping或Windows下的tcping功能強大。
Usage: tcping [-q] [-t timeout_sec] [-u timeout_usec] <host> <port>
[root@DB-Server ~]# tcping 192.168.27.57 1433
192.168.27.57 port 1433 open.
PsPing介紹
下面是官方文檔以及Azure官方文檔關於PsPing的介紹資料,這些介紹已經全面的闡述了PsPing這款工具:
PsPing implements Ping functionality, TCP ping, latency and bandwidth measurement. Use the following command-line options to show the usage for each test type:
通常,我們測試數據包能否通過IP協議到達特定主機時,都習慣使用 ping 命令。工作時用ping向目標主機發送一個 IMCP Echo 請求的數據包,並等待接收 Echo 響應數據包,通過響應時間和成功響應的次數來估算丟包率和網絡時延。但是在 Azure 中ICMP包無法通過防火牆和負載均衡器,所以不能直接使用 ping 來測試 Azure 中的虛擬機和服務的連通性(VPN 和 Express Route 通道中的流量不經過負載均衡器,所以只要鏈路上的防火牆允許 ICMP 包傳遞,ping 依然可用)。
為了在 Azure 中進行連通性測試,例如測試 RDP、SSH 端口可用性,或者 HTTP、HTTPS 服務穩定性,甚至測試從 Azure 向外部服務的連接,我們都推薦使用 PsPing 或 PaPing。PsPing 是微軟 PSTools 工具套件中的其中一個命令。除了ICMP ping 測試,它主要用來測試 TCP 端口的連通性,還可以測試 TCP/UDP 網絡時延和帶寬。不過, PsPing 只能在 Windows 中運行。如果您需要在 Linux 中發起 TCP 端口連通性和網路時延的測試,可以使用 PaPing 。PaPing 是一個跨平台的開源工具。它的功能相對 PsPing 而言更簡單,只支持 TCP 端口的相關測試,不支持 UDP 端口的測試。
PsPing安裝
PSTool工具包可以從微軟官方網址下載:https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sysinternals/downloads/psping 。 解壓PSTools.zip包后,將psping.exe拷貝到C:\Windows\System32下,那么你在cmd命令窗口的任意目錄都可以使用PsPing命令了。當然你也可以單獨將 psping.exe 命令解壓出來放在任意路徑,然后從命令提示符來運行。只是這樣就需要在運行命令前轉換到psping.exe所在的路徑。
PsPing參數
psping幫助信息查看,如下所示psping四個主要功能的幫助命令,四個功能分別是ICMP Ping、TCP Ping、延遲測試、帶寬測試。
C:\Users>psping -? i
PsPing v2.01 - PsPing - ping, latency, bandwidth measurement utility
Copyright (C) 2012-2014 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com
ICMP ping usage: psping [[-6]|[-4]] [-h [buckets|<val1>,<val2>,...]] [-i <inter
al>] [-l <requestsize>[k|m] [-q] [-t|-n <count>] [-w <count>] <destination>
-h Print histogram (default bucket count is 20).
If you specify a single argument, it's interpreted as a bucket
count and the histogram will contain that number of
buckets covering the entire time range of values.
Specify a comma-separated list of times to create a custom
histogram (e.g. "0.01,0.05,1,5,10").
-i Interval in seconds. Specify 0 for fast ping.
-l Request size. Append 'k' for kilobytes and 'm' for megabytes.
-n Number of pings or append 's' to specify seconds e.g. '10s'.
-q Don't output during pings.
-t Ping until stopped with Ctrl+C and type Ctrl+Break
for statistics.
-w Warmup with the specified number of iterations (default is 1).
-4 Force using IPv4.
-6 Force using IPv6.
For high-speed ping tests use -q and -i 0.
參數 |
參數說明 |
-h |
輸出直方圖(默認步長數量為20) |
-i |
指定ping包的間隔秒數,快ping則設置為0 |
-l |
指定ping包大小,默認單位是byte。使用 k為單位代表kilobytes(KB),使用m為單位代表megabytes(MB) |
-n |
指定測試次數。還可以指定測試的時間長度,以秒為單位,使用時在數字后加上 s,例如“10s”; |
-q |
測試過程中不輸出結果,結束后顯示統計結果; |
-t |
類似於 ICMP 的長 ping 測試,直到按下 Ctrl+C 停止測試,並顯示統計結果; |
-w |
熱身次數,默認為 1 次; |
-4 |
強制使用 IPv4; |
-6 |
強制使用 IPv6; |
延遲測試多了參數-r,-u,-f
C:\Users>psping -? l
PsPing v2.10 - PsPing - ping, latency, bandwidth measurement utility
Copyright (C) 2012-2016 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com
TCP and UDP latency usage:
server: psping [-6|-4] [-f] -s address:port
client: psping -l requestsize[k|m] -n count[s] [-r] [-u] [-w count] [-f] [-h [b
ckets|val1,val2,...]] [-6|-4] destination:port
-l Request size. Append 'k' for kilobytes and 'm' for megabytes.
-n Number of sends/receives. Append 's' to specify seconds e.g. '10s'.
-r Receive from the server instead of sending.
-u UDP (default is TCP).
-w Warmup with the specified number of iterations (default is 5).
-f Open source firewall port during the run.
-h Print histogram (default bucket count is 20).
If you specify a single argument, it's interpreted as a bucket
count and the histogram will contain that number of
buckets covering the entire time range of values.
Specify a comma-separated list of times to create a custom
histogram (e.g. "0.01,0.05,1,5,10").
-4 Force using IPv4.
-6 Force using IPv6.
-s Server listening address and port.
The server can serve both latency and bandwidth tests and remains active until
you terminate it with Control-C.
參數 |
參數說明 |
-f |
Open source firewall port during the run.
|
-u |
使用UDP ping(默認是TCP) |
-h |
輸出直方圖(默認步長數量為20) |
-r |
從服務器接收代替發送。 |
-i |
指定ping包的間隔秒數,快ping則設置為0 |
-l |
指定ping包大小,默認單位是byte。使用 k為單位代表kilobytes(KB),使用m為單位代表megabytes(MB) |
-n |
指定測試次數。還可以指定測試的時間長度,以秒為單位,使用時在數字后加上 s,例如“10s”; |
-q |
測試過程中不輸出結果,結束后顯示統計結果; |
-t |
類似於 ICMP 的長 ping 測試,直到按下 Ctrl+C 停止測試,並顯示統計結果; |
-w |
熱身次數,默認為 5 次; |
-4 |
強制使用 IPv4; |
-6 |
強制使用 IPv6; |
-s |
服務器監聽地址和端口 |
C:\Users>psping -? b
PsPing v2.10 - PsPing - ping, latency, bandwidth measurement utility
Copyright (C) 2012-2016 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com
TCP and UDP bandwidth usage:
server: psping [-6|-4] [-f] -s address:port
client: psping -b -l requestsize[k|m] -n count[s] [-r] [-u [target]] [-i outstan
ding] [-w count] [-f] [-h [buckets|val1,val2,...]] [-6|-4] destination:port
-b Bandwidth test.
-l Request size. Append 'k' for kilobytes and 'm' for megabytes.
-n Number of sends/receives. Append 's' to specify seconds e.g. '10s'.
-r Receive from the server instead of sending.
-u UDP (default is TCP). Specify target bandwidth in MB/s.
-i Number of outstanding I/Os (default is min of 16 and 2x CPU cores).
-w Warmup for the specified iterations (default is 2x CPU cores).
-f Open source firewall port during the run.
-h Print histogram (default bucket count is 20).
If you specify a single argument, it's interpreted as a bucket
count and the histogram will contain that number of
buckets covering the entire time range of values.
Specify a comma-separated list of times to create a custom
histogram (e.g. "0.01,0.05,1,5,10").
-4 Force using IPv4.
-6 Force using IPv6.
-s Server listening address and port.
The server can serve both latency and bandwidth tests and remains active until
you terminate it with Control-C.
帶寬測試多了-b、-i兩個參數。如下所示:
-b 帶寬測試
-i 未完成的I/O數量
PsPing測試案例
例子1,例如我要檢查服務器的1433端口是否開放
例子2:網絡時延測試
C:\Users>psping -n 6 -w 2 -h xxxxxx.database.chinacloudapi.cn:1433
PsPing v2.10 - PsPing - ping, latency, bandwidth measurement utility
Copyright (C) 2012-2016 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com
TCP connect to 139.219.130.35:1433:
8 iterations (warmup 2) ping test:
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433 (warmup): from 192.168.103.21:57851: 36.10ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433 (warmup): from 192.168.103.21:57852: 36.32ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57853: 40.33ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57854: 34.71ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57855: 35.60ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57856: 35.74ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57858: 40.21ms
Connecting to 139.xxx.130.xx:1433: from 192.168.103.21:57859: 39.50ms
TCP connect statistics for 139.xxx.130.xxx:1433:
Sent = 6, Received = 6, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Minimum = 34.71ms, Maximum = 40.33ms, Average = 37.68ms
Latency Count
34.71 1
35.01 0
35.30 0
35.60 2
35.89 0
36.19 0
36.49 0
36.78 0
37.08 0
37.37 0
37.67 0
37.96 0
38.26 0
38.56 0
38.85 0
39.15 0
39.44 1
39.74 0
40.03 1
40.33 1
例子3:網絡帶寬測試
paping安裝測試
paping的下載地址如下,它分Windows和Linux版本。
https://code.google.com/archive/p/paping/downloads
tar -xvf paping_1.5.5_x86-64_linux.tar.gz
解壓到任意目錄,就可以直接執行。另外paping命令對比psping命令,功能更簡單、單一。它只有簡單的4個參數。
-p, --port N 指定被測試服務的 TCP 端口(必須);
--nocolor 屏蔽彩色輸出;
-t, --timeout 指定超時時長,單位為毫秒,默認值為 1000;
-c, --count N 指定測試次數。
[root@DB-Server tmp]# ./paping -?
paping v1.5.5 - Copyright (c) 2011 Mike Lovell
Syntax: paping [options] destination
Options:
-?, --help display usage
-p, --port N set TCP port N (required)
--nocolor Disable color output
-t, --timeout timeout in milliseconds (default 1000)
-c, --count N set number of checks to N
[root@DB-Server tmp]# ./paping --nocolor -p 80 -c 10 www.azure.cn
paping v1.5.5 - Copyright (c) 2011 Mike Lovell
Connecting to 1stcncloud.dtwscachev290.ourwebcdn.com [27.155.71.36] on TCP 80:
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.39ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.33ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.73ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.48ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.49ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.39ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.37ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.35ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.47ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connected to 27.155.71.36: time=0.52ms protocol=TCP port=80
Connection statistics:
Attempted = 10, Connected = 10, Failed = 0 (0.00%)
Approximate connection times:
Minimum = 0.33ms, Maximum = 0.73ms, Average = 0.45ms
Hping介紹
Hping是一個命令行下使用的TCP/IP數據包組裝/分析工具,其命令模式很像Unix下的ping命令,但是它不僅能發送ICMP回應請求,它還可以支持TCP、UDP、ICMP和RAW-IP協議,它有一個路由跟蹤模式,能夠在兩個相互包含的通道之間傳送文件。Hping常被用於檢測網絡和主機,其功能非常強大,可在多種操作系統下運行,如Linux,FreeBSD,NetBSD,OpenBSD,Solaris,MacOs X,Windows。 目前最新的版本為hping3
Hping的主要功能有:
1、防火牆測試
2、高級端口掃描
3、網絡檢測,可以用不同的協議、服務類型(TOS)、IP分片
4、手工探測MTU( 最大傳輸單元) 路徑
5、先進的路由跟蹤,支持所有的協議
6、遠程操作系統探測
7、遠程的運行時間探測
8、TCP/IP堆棧審計
Hping的官方網址為http://www.hping.org/,開發者為是Salvatore Sanfilippo,官方介紹資料如下:
hping is a command-line oriented TCP/IP packet assembler/analyzer. The interface is inspired to the ping(8) unix command, but hping isn't only able to send ICMP echo requests. It supports TCP, UDP, ICMP and RAW-IP protocols, has a traceroute mode, the ability to send files between a covered channel, and many other features.
While hping was mainly used as a security tool in the past, it can be used in many ways by people that don't care about security to test networks and hosts. A subset of the stuff you can do using hping:
· Firewall testing
· Advanced port scanning
· Network testing, using different protocols, TOS, fragmentation
· Manual path MTU discovery
· Advanced traceroute, under all the supported protocols
· Remote OS fingerprinting
· Remote uptime guessing
· TCP/IP stacks auditing
· hping can also be useful to students that are learning TCP/IP.
Hping works on the following unix-like systems: Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, MacOs X, Windows.
Hping安裝
Hping這個項目在GitHub上,https://github.com/antirez/hping,可以直接從這里下載安裝。另外如果yum源有安裝程序,使用yum安裝最方便、快捷。
yum install hping3
下面是官方文檔的源碼安裝,不過源碼安裝需要依賴一些組件,想必yum安裝麻煩很多:
Linux
-----
please, follows this steps:
$ ./configure (first try ./configure --help)
$ vi Makefile (optional)
$ make
$ su
# make install
FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD
------------------------
You will need the libpcap and the gmake utility installed on your system.
$ ./configure
$ gmake
$ su (or calife)
# gmake install
Hping測試
查看hping的幫助信息:
[root@DB-Server ~]# hping3 --help #或者hping --help
下面表格整理了部分參數信息,更多參數信息可以參考幫助文檔或http://man.linuxde.net/hping
參數 |
參數說明 |
-h --help |
顯示幫助信息 |
-v --version |
顯示版本信息 |
-c --count |
指定發送包的次數 |
-i --interval --fast --faster --flood |
發送間隔時間(單位是毫秒) 缺省時間是1秒,此功能在增加傳輸率上很重要,在idle/spoofing掃描時此功能也會被用到,你可以參考hping-howto獲得更多信息 -fast 每秒發10個數據包,與-i m100等同。表示間隔10毫秒發送一個數據包 --faster 每秒發送100個數據包 --flood 以最快的速度發送數據包。不顯示答復 |
-n --numeric |
指定以數字形式輸出 |
-q --quiet |
安靜模式 只輸出開始結束信息 |
-I --interface |
interface name 無非就是eth0之類的網卡參數 |
-V --verbose |
顯示更多信息 |
-D --debug |
進入DEBUG模式 |
-z --bind |
快捷鍵的使用 |
-Z --unbind |
消除快捷鍵 |
……………. |
………………….. |
#hping3 -S 192.168.27.57 -p 1433
HPING 192.168.27.57 (eth0 192.168.27.57): S set, 40 headers + 0 data bytes
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=0 win=5840 rtt=31.4 ms
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=1 win=5840 rtt=23.5 ms
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=118 DF id=10907 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=2 win=8192 rtt=20.4 ms
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=118 DF id=10908 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=3 win=8192 rtt=15.6 ms
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=4 win=5840 rtt=15.5 ms
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=5 win=5840 rtt=14.1 ms
len=44 ip=192.168.27.57 ttl=60 DF id=0 sport=1433 flags=SA seq=6 win=5840 rtt=14.4 ms
^C
--- 192.168.27.57 hping statistic ---
7 packets transmitted, 7 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 14.1/19.3/31.4 ms
個人感覺Hping是功能最強大的一款工具,可以測試防火牆功能、端口掃描、Idle掃描、拒絕服務攻擊、木馬功能,這篇hping3命令已經詳細介紹了,而且有些測試不方便展示在此。在此略過細節。另外,工具再好,也需要可以掌握、駕馭工具的人。
參考資料:
https://docs.azure.cn/zh-cn/articles/azure-operations-guide/virtual-network/aog-virtual-network-tcp-psping-paping-connectivity
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/psping
https://www.cmsky.com/tcping/
http://zhjwpku.com/2016/12/17/tcpping-hping-mtr.html
https://www.slashroot.in/what-tcp-ping-and-how-it-usedyouy