C#將Excel數據表導入SQL數據庫的兩種方法

最近用寫個winform程序想用excel 文件導入數據庫中，網上尋求辦法，找到了這個經過嘗試可以使用。

方法一:

實現在c#中可高效的將excel數據導入到sqlserver數據庫中,很多人通過循環來拼接sql，這樣做不但容易出錯而且效率低下，最好的辦法是使用bcp，也就是System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy 類來實現。

    using System;    
    using System.Collections.Generic;    
    using System.ComponentModel;    
    using System.Data;    
    using System.Drawing;    
    using System.Linq;    
    using System.Text;    
    using System.Windows.Forms;    
    using System.Data.OleDb;    
        
    namespace ExcelToSQL    
    {    
        public partial class Form1 : Form    
        {    
            public Form1()    
            {    
                InitializeComponent();    
            }    
        
            private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    
            {    
                //測試，將excel中的student導入到sqlserver的db_test中，如果sql中的數據表不存在則創建        
                string connString = "server = (local); uid = sa; pwd = sa; database = db_test";    
                System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog fd = new OpenFileDialog();       
                if (fd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)       
                {    
                    TransferData(fd.FileName, "student", connString);    
                }       
            }       
        
            public void TransferData(string excelFile, string sheetName, string connectionString)       
            {       
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();    
                try      
                {    
                    //獲取全部數據     
                    string strConn = "Provider = Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "Data Source=" + excelFile + ";" + "Extended Properties = Excel 8.0;";       
                    OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(strConn);    
                    conn.Open();    
                    string strExcel = "";    
                    OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = null;       
                    strExcel = string.Format("select * from [{0}$]", sheetName);    
                    myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter(strExcel, strConn);    
                    myCommand.Fill(ds, sheetName);    
          
                    //如果目標表不存在則創建,excel文件的第一行為列標題,從第二行開始全部都是數據記錄     
                    string strSql = string.Format("if not exists(select * from sysobjects where name = '{0}') create table {0}(", sheetName);   //以sheetName為表名     
        
                    foreach (System.Data.DataColumn c in ds.Tables[0].Columns)    
                    {       
                        strSql += string.Format("[{0}] varchar(255),", c.ColumnName);       
                    }       
                    strSql = strSql.Trim(',') + ")";       
          
                    using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection sqlconn = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection(connectionString))       
                    {    
                        sqlconn.Open();       
                        System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand command = sqlconn.CreateCommand();       
                        command.CommandText = strSql;       
                        command.ExecuteNonQuery();       
                        sqlconn.Close();    
                    }       
                    //用bcp導入數據        
                    //excel文件中列的順序必須和數據表的列順序一致，因為數據導入時，是從excel文件的第二行數據開始，不管數據表的結構是什么樣的，反正就是第一列的數據會插入到數據表的第一列字段中，第二列的數據插入到數據表的第二列字段中，以此類推，它本身不會去判斷要插入的數據是對應數據表中哪一個字段的     
                    using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy bcp = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy(connectionString))       
                    {       
                        bcp.SqlRowsCopied += new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventHandler(bcp_SqlRowsCopied);       
                        bcp.BatchSize = 100;//每次傳輸的行數        
                        bcp.NotifyAfter = 100;//進度提示的行數        
                        bcp.DestinationTableName = sheetName;//目標表        
                        bcp.WriteToServer(ds.Tables[0]);    
                    }       
                }       
                catch (Exception ex)       
                {       
                    System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);       
                }     
            }       
          
            //進度顯示        
            void bcp_SqlRowsCopied(object sender, System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventArgs e)       
            {       
                this.Text = e.RowsCopied.ToString();       
                this.Update();       
            }      
        }       
    }    

方法二：

先將Excel文件轉換成DataTable，然后再循環將記錄插入到數據庫表中，這種方式可以任由程序員來選擇將哪列數據導入到數據表的哪個字段中

    using System;  
    using System.Collections.Generic;  
    using System.ComponentModel;  
    using System.Data;  
    using System.Drawing;  
    using System.Linq;  
    using System.Text;  
    using System.Windows.Forms;  
    using System.Data.OleDb;  
    using System.Data.SqlClient;  
     
    namespace ExcelToSQL  
    {  
        public partial class Form2 : Form  
        {  
            public Form2()  
            {  
                InitializeComponent();  
            }  
     
            DataTable dt = new DataTable();  
            string connString = "server = (local); uid = sa; pwd = sa; database = db_test";  
            SqlConnection conn;  
     
            private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
            {  
                System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog fd = new OpenFileDialog();  
                if (fd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)  
                {  
                    string fileName = fd.FileName;  
                    bind(fileName);  
                }  
            }  
            private void bind(string fileName)  
            {  
                string strConn = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" +  
                     "Data Source=" + fileName + ";" +  
                     "Extended Properties='Excel 8.0; HDR=Yes; IMEX=1'";  
                OleDbDataAdapter da = new OleDbDataAdapter("SELECT *  FROM [student$]", strConn);  
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();  
                try 
                {  
                    da.Fill(ds);  
                    dt = ds.Tables[0];  
                    this.dataGridView1.DataSource = dt;  
                }  
                catch (Exception err)  
                {  
                    MessageBox.Show("操作失敗！" + err.ToString());  
                }  
            }  
     
            //將Datagridview1的記錄插入到數據庫    
            private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
            {  
                conn = new SqlConnection(connString);  
                conn.Open();  
                if (dataGridView1.Rows.Count > 0)  
                {  
                    DataRow dr = null;  
                    for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)  
                    {  
                        dr = dt.Rows[i];  
                        insertToSql(dr);  
                    }  
                    conn.Close();  
                    MessageBox.Show("導入成功！");  
                }  
                else 
                {  
                    MessageBox.Show("沒有數據！");  
                }  
            }  
            private void insertToSql(DataRow dr)  
            {  
                //excel表中的列名和數據庫中的列名一定要對應  
                string name = dr["StudentName"].ToString();  
                string sex = dr["Sex"].ToString();  
                string no = dr["StudentIDNO"].ToString();  
                string major = dr["Major"].ToString();  
                string sql = "insert into student values('" + name + "','" + sex + "','" + no + "','" + major +"')";           
                SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);             
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();  
            }  
        }  
    }